The Natural Environment of Jingangbei Ancient Village in Beibei

Jingangbei Ancient Town is located in the lower reaches of Jialing River in Jinyun Mountain, BeiWenquan Town, Beibei District, Chongqing, about 5 kilometers away from Beibei City. The mountains here are stacked, the greenery is dripping, and the streams are gurgling. It highlights the distinctive historical and regional characteristics of "a stone road, a Millennium diamond monument".

The reason why it was named "Diamond Monument" originated from the fact that when Ye Jia, the great disciple of Buddha Sakyamuni, came to Jinyun Mountain to build a temple, King Kong Lux came to help, and there was a huge stone missing here, which was commonly called "Lishi" by local people. The boulder is more than seven meters high and two meters thick. It looks like a monument and goes straight into Jialing River. The word "King Kong" was engraved in the Tang Dynasty, so the locals renamed it "King Kong Monument".

The diamond tablet is not only mysterious because of such a legend. Moreover, the geomantic omen in the ancient town is also very particular. The feng shui combination is wonderful. As early as ancient times, the Book of Changes recorded that "those who disturb everything are not in a hurry, and those who moisten everything are not moist." Literally speaking, "wind" is the air flowing down from the sky, and "water" is the blood of the earth, on which everything grows. Where there is wind and water, there is life and vitality, and everything can grow, which is suitable for human life. The reason why the diamond tablet can gather so many celebrities and wise men and the booming coal industry in the Republic of China is not unrelated to its geomantic omen.

The courtyard of the ancient town of Jingangbei is located in the endless mountains, surrounded by mountains on the left and right, and it is heavily guarded. The central part is spacious and surrounded by the flowing water of Jialing River, forming an ideal land of geomantic omen. According to the traditional geomantic omen, the diamond tablet was developed in strict accordance with the geomantic principle of "pillow mountain, surround water and draw screen". The winding Jinyun Mountain in the north is located at the intersection of Jinyun Mountain and Jialing River, which is the "origin and development place" of Jingangbei geomantic omen. The Jialing River escorting Long Mai rolled south from the land of Sanqin, broke through the clouds and rushed out from the towering mountains in the north. The mountains and rivers converge, and the stars hold the moon, just like a tribute from all countries, which sets off the wonderful and exquisite Feng Shui of the King Kong Monument. Jialing River is near Baozhen and Jingzhen on three sides, and at the foot of Jinyun Mountain, it is inlaid into a U-shaped ring, which is also commonly known as the "chair-shaped" feng shui shape. The Jingang Monument is surrounded by mountains and waters, which is in harmony with the Wentang Gorge in the distance, and the street is surrounded by mountains and waters. The beautiful natural environment makes it a "land of victory" praised by Feng Shui gentlemen.

In addition to the geographical environment, the geomantic layout of the ancient town of Jingangbei is consistent with the concept of "integration of heaven and earth" advocated by Dong Zhongshu, a Confucian master in Han Dynasty. The ancients always paid attention to the complementarity and coordination between man and nature. Looking closely at the architecture of the ancient town of Jingangbei, whether it is houses, roads or bridges, the whole process of site selection, planning, design and construction is deeply influenced by the ancient geomantic theory.

The unique geomantic omen has created the glorious history of the diamond monument. The rise of the coal industry in the ancient town of Jingangbei has promoted the development of all industries in the town. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, all walks of life in the town flourished and established "seven gangs" headed by coal, salt, boats, camels, cattle and horses.

As the intersection of land and water, the dock is densely populated by land, with developed shipping, various shops, inns, teahouses and restaurants, and various folk activities such as Sichuan Opera, storytelling, dragon boat rowing and lantern lighting are very lively, showing a prosperous scene.

During the Republic of China, several large-scale residential buildings such as Yaojiayuan, Xiongjiayuan and Zhengjiayuan were formed in the town. "Business is booming all over the world, and financial resources are widely available in the three rivers" is a portrayal of its prosperity. In its heyday, there were more than a thousand shops and warehouses along the banks of the river, coal mines lined up along the mountains, porters jostled shoulder to shoulder, sails on the banks of the river were like forests, and business was booming.

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On the one hand, the diamond monument has its unique geographical environment, that is, lush vegetation and unique geographical location deep in the mountains. During the Anti-Japanese War, it attracted 13 Kuomintang units above the central ministerial level, more than 30 subordinate units at the central bureau level, and a large number of scientific, cultural, educational and economic celebrities with about 3,000 people poured into the Diamond Monument. As the seat of the central government department of the Kuomintang, many businessmen settled here in order to better avoid the troubles of troubled times. On the other hand, from the fragments of temples and Buddha statues scattered in the present King Kong Monument, we can see that the ancient town was also a pure land of meditation and enlightenment in the past historical development. During the Anti-Japanese War, the ancient town was able to gather so many literati to settle down and study here, which was inseparable from the undisturbed quiet environment of the ancient town. Zhang Boju, a member of the National People's Political Consultative Conference, came to Jingangbei to make full use of the hillside topography and put bamboo pipes to take water for production and life, which was helpful to solve the water problem in tanning process. So Limin Tannery was established in this place. After a series of preparatory work, such as building a factory building, purchasing equipment and recruiting personnel, "Limin Leather Factory of Central Disaster Relief Committee" was officially put into operation on 1939. The Jingang Monument in Beibei, Chongqing became the earliest place where the Kuomintang Government Office set up industry, and Limin Tannery completed its special mission during the Anti-Japanese War. It timely supplemented the shortage of military materials during the Anti-Japanese War. With the support of Lu Zuofu and Lu Ziying, Liang Shuming will establish Mianren Middle School in 194 1. He settled in Beibei for three years and devoted himself to writing books and running schools. Mianren Farm also opened near the school. During this period, his overall school-running system was formed. Most of the teachers in the school are students who have followed Liang Shuming for many years, or scholars and experts who respect his ideological character. In philosophy, literature and other important courses, famous scholars are hired as teachers, such as Wu Mi as literature class, and Liang Shuming personally teaches students the essence of China culture. "Master of Wushu" Zhang Zhijiang advocated Wushu fitness all his life. He founded the National Academy of Wushu in 1933, and then moved to Jingangbei. In addition, the persistence of Wushu arrangement and the development of teaching guidance have played an important role in the physical quality of Chongqing people. Wu Dajun, Chen Lifu and others set up the investigation department on 1927, and later renamed the National Government Statistics Bureau. 1933 moved to the Diamond Monument, which made the daily affairs of the Kuomintang go on in an orderly way in the days of war and smoke, and made inestimable contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. The ancient town of Jingangbei, with its superior geographical position, provided a place for many schools and enterprises to settle down during the Anti-Japanese War.

At the same time, the diamond monument is also a haunt of masters. Weng, the first doctor of geology in China, and his family are both younger than 1938. On July 3 1 day, I settled in Chongqing at the invitation of my old friend Zhang Boling, president of Nankai University. Later, due to the continuous destruction of Wengzhai by Japanese artillery shells, some of Weng Wenhao's family members had to move to Jingang New Village built by Jingang Monument in Beibei. He and investigator Pei Wenzhong have gone through countless days of digging and studying at night, and finally found evidence of the existence of Peking man's skull. Miao Chongqun, a famous essayist in Zhongzheng Bookstore, wrote three epoch-making collections of essays, namely, Summer Insect, Shiping Prose and Various Faces of the World. He eventually broke down from overwork and was buried in the diamond tablet at the age of 38. Lao She wrote the masterpiece "A Family of Four Generations", a cup of fragrant tea and a desk, which is known as "Top China Novels in the 20th Century 100". When Liang Shiqiu lived in Beibei, he often went back and forth between the city and the Diamond Monument. For eight years, he never stopped writing and collecting ideas. During this period, he wrote more than 20 essays, which were published in the name of "Essays of Yashe". Thus established Liang Shiqiu's position in the history of China's modern prose. Gu Jiegang 194 1 lives in Jingangbei, Beibei, Chongqing, during which he presided over the conference on the compilation of frontier languages and edited the Journal of Literature and History. Historian Jane Bozan moved to Jingangbei in 1943, and published the first volume of China History Outline and the first volume of China History Essays in his apartment. He often discusses poetry with Guo Moruo, Liu Yazi, Tian Han and others. He published a series of academic papers in China Forum, such as The Eternal Times in the History of Nanming Dynasty, On Wang Mang's Reform and Failure, Academics and Violence, The Significance of the Spring and Autumn Period, Shangshutai and the Palace Politics of Han Dynasty, and Methods of Collecting Historical Materials. During his stay in Beibei, Chongqing, Cao Yu created and appeared in a large number of plays. The Anti-Japanese War drama General Mobilization was jointly created by Cao Yu and Song Zhi, who played Hou Fengyuan, a wealthy businessman. Chen, a Lingnan painter, is good at painting and has a gift for poetry and calligraphy. As a poet, he is brilliant. As long as he has feelings, he can blurt out and write poems. He has written thousands of poems in the past few years. Many writers stopped in front of the Diamond Monument, and their influence on China culture is far-reaching, which still echoes today. It was once recorded in an article that this "big shot" with a strong accent in Chongqing knew that he was a "big shot" in the cultural circle when he saw people wearing long gowns, which was enough to glimpse the number of literati. Due to the existence of these institutions and celebrities, the Diamond Monument has been infused with many humanistic factors and academic and cultural connotations, making it a world-famous ancient town and a rare cultural site of the Anti-Japanese War. The reason why the ancient town of Jingangbei can gather so many talents has a lot to do with the geomantic geography of heaven and man.

Now more and more people come to the ancient town of Jingangbei to paint, take pictures or play. It reflects people's desire to return to nature and embodies people's desire to find distant homes in downtown areas. At the same time, it also shows the special charm of traditional architecture and local folk customs in eastern Sichuan. In the process of urban modernization, it is necessary to protect traditional buildings, so as to better show local regional and historical details, better tap their inherent humanistic and historical values, and better obtain economic and tourism values from ancient towns.