How to improve the methods and skills of biological counterattack in senior three

In view of the actual process of students' biology review in senior three, Chengdu Meibo teacher simply arranged five common methods of biology review for students to use according to their own conditions:

1. Classification and arrangement methods

Many chapters have a large number of concepts or structures, so it is particularly important to sort out these concepts or structures, otherwise it will be very chaotic.

For example, when reviewing organelles, we can use different standards to classify these organelles: whether they have membrane structure (single membrane and double membrane), whether they have nucleic acid or genetic material, whether they are related to energy conversion, unique organelles in plant cells, organelles with different functions in animal and plant cells, whether they can produce water during metabolism, whether they contain pigments, etc. Only in this way can we truly master the structure and function of these organelles;

For example, in the part of genetic law, many concepts can be classified according to traits and mating classes to find out the differences and internal relations between different concepts.

Such as chromosome, genome, diploid, haploid and polyploid. We can grasp its connotation through classification and comparison.

2. Graphic induction

If classification is suitable for mastering concepts, then graphic induction is suitable for mastering the knowledge of principles and laws.

Such as respiration, photosynthesis, cell proliferation, gene expression and life regulation process of higher animals, are all suitable for review in this way.

In fact, there are many graphic questions in the college entrance examination. If you don't master the method of reading pictures, it is difficult to answer them freely. So how do you look at the picture?

First of all, we should know the names of the structures and substances in the picture. For example, in the feedback regulation chart of thyroid hormone, there are hypothalamus, pituitary gland and thyroid gland, as well as TRH (thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone), TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and thyroid hormone.

Then the internal relationship between structure and substance is analyzed: TRH secreted by hypothalamus acts on pituitary, TSH secreted by pituitary acts on thyroid, and thyroid hormone secreted by thyroid acts on hypothalamus and pituitary. Students should form a habit of contact with process knowledge, even if there is no chart in the textbook, they can try to express this process in the form of chart. At the same time, the accumulated graphic knowledge should be sorted and classified, such as coordinate diagram, coordinate histogram, flow chart, pattern diagram, concept diagram, micrograph, pie diagram, table and so on.

3. Associative migration method

Many knowledge points in textbooks seem to be isolated, but in fact, a lot of knowledge is * * *. This knowledge can be mastered by associative transfer method.

For example, Mendel chose peas as the experimental material of genetics, and Morgan chose Drosophila as the experimental material. There are some similar advantages between these two creatures: the obvious relative characters are easy to distinguish, the number of offspring produced is large, and it is easy to cultivate. The contents of different chapters can be connected in series through associative migration to achieve mastery.

In fact, this method can also be used to solve problems. For example, there are three chromosomes 2 1 in the cells of patients with 2 1 trisomy syndrome. After examination, pregnant women found that there were 1 or more chromosomes in fetal cells. What advice should the doctor give? This problem can be solved by associative transfer method.

4. Comparative review methods

In the review, the knowledge was compared horizontally and vertically, such as the comparison between virus and prokaryotic cells, the comparison of the sources and ways of three nutrients, the comparison of photosynthesis and respiration, and the comparison of various breeding methods.

5. Series review method

When reviewing, we should connect the knowledge points scattered in each chapter in series in order to have a comprehensive understanding.

Protein, for example, is mainly scattered in the first, second and fifth chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the constituent elements, basic units, synthesis sites, structures and functions of protein. The second chapter describes the digestion, absorption and metabolism of protein in human body. The fifth chapter discusses that the synthesis of protein is controlled by genes, including two biological processes: transcription and translation.