Who is the most famous comic writer in Japan? What are the representative works?

Mononuclear heme (もののけ)

The 80' s version, not the 97' s animation.

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Xiuna (シュナの) Travel

Publisher/Producer: Dejian Bookstore

Release date: 1983/06

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Miyazaki Hayao's Random Notes (Miyazaki Hayao's Thought)

Miyazaki Hayao's original collection of essays.

Miyazaki Hayao daydream notes

Version: Yamato Painting Publishing House

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Valley of the Wind (Valley of the Wind)

From 1982 to 1994, the Chinese version was published by Dong Fan, Taiwan Province Province.

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After The Valley of the Wind was released on 1984, it achieved considerable success in both box office performance and film quality. Therefore, with the support of the German bookstore, 1985 established the "Studio Ghibli". In the same year, Ghibli began to make "City of the Sky", and since then, Studio Ghibli has become a studio dedicated to making animations for Hegao.

The name "Ghibli" actually means "hot wind blowing from the Sahara desert". During World War II, Italian Air Force pilots also named their reconnaissance plane "Ghibli". Miyazaki Hayao is a flying machine freak, of course he knows about it, so he decided to use "Ghibli" as the name of their studio. Behind this name, there is another meaning, that is, I hope this studio can set off a whirlwind in the Japanese animation industry! !

Studio Ghibli is a very special group both in Japan and internationally. Because in principle, Studio Ghibli only produces animations adapted from the original works for cinema screening. Because the production of theatrical animation must take a considerable box office risk, so the general studio usually makes TV animation, although occasionally some theatrical animation is produced, but most of them are also adapted from famous TV animation. By the way, Japan produces more than 40 TV animations every week on average! !

Let's talk about the history of Ghibli.

Thirty years ago, two young men named Miyazaki Hayao and Gaucher met. At that time, they worked together in a studio called Dongying Animation. Originally, this studio only made movie animation, but under the influence of the trend of the times, they had no choice but to make a TV animation "Girls in the Alps", which was broadcast on 1974, produced by Miyazaki Hayao and directed by Gao Wei. This cartoon is very popular all over the world.

However, while making this cartoon, Miyazaki Hayao and Gao Che gradually realized that there was no way to express their true pursuit through the TV version, which was an animation form with limited production time and cost. What they pursue is pure, high-quality animation, which can truly penetrate the hearts of the people and depict the joys and sorrows in people's lives. This belief was the fundamental driving force for them to establish Studio Ghibli after the success of The Valley of the Wind. Their ideal is to devote all their energy to each work and never compromise on limited time and budget at the expense of quality. Each work will be produced and directed by Miyazaki Hayao and Gao Che, and all instructions will be given by the director, whose decision has the highest priority. Studio Ghibli has been adhering to this concept for ten years, which can be said to be the result of joint efforts with two outstanding directors Gao Ge and the entire studio staff.

Members of Studio Ghibli never thought that this studio would survive to this day. "We make a movie, and if it succeeds, we will make the next one. If it fails, the studio will have to end its life. Ghibli members set out with this mentality from the beginning. In order to minimize the risk, they didn't hire half a full-time employee. When making a movie, they will recruit about 70 people to form a group, and the group will be dissolved automatically after the movie is finished. The place where they work is only the first floor of a house in the suburbs of Tokyo, and it is rented. All management decisions are made with great care. Thanks to his good management, Studio Ghibli successfully completed the production of "City in the Sky", which was released on 1986, successfully attracted 780,000 people to the cinema and was well received.

Studio Ghibli's next two films are My Totoro and Tomb of Fireflies, directed by Miyazaki Hayao and Gog respectively. At that time, two films were made at the same time, and the whole production process was a mess. Amazingly, even if two films are made at the same time, the quality shows no signs of decline, which is almost impossible! ! But Ghibli did it, and their policy was to put the production of good movies first, followed by the operation and growth of the company. This is the difference between Ghibli and other studios. Without such a policy, it is impossible to make these two films.

Speaking of the history of Studio Ghibli, I have to mention one person. He is Yasuyoshi Tokuma, the president of Ghibli. At the same time, he is also the president of Dejian Bookstore. In addition to the distribution business, he also participated in some company development and other affairs. In addition, he also owns a film studio called Daiei, which has always been famous for making movies by the great director Kenji Gou.

Yasuyoshi Tokuma seldom comes to Ghibli's studio, because he hopes that Studio Ghibli can develop freely and make decisions freely in principle. But when needed, he always stands on the front line to help. It was his decision to put Miyazaki Hayao's cartoon "Valley of the Wind" on the screen, and at the same time, Studio Ghibli was founded by him.

Studio Ghibli encountered many difficulties in releasing two films, My Totoro and Tomb of Fireflies. Because these two films are quite boring compared with their previous films. At that time, Yasuyoshi Tokuma himself rushed between publishers at the expense of travel-stained, desperately striving for the release and distribution opportunities of these two films. Finally, with his efforts, he finally persuaded the film dealer. Without his hard work and dedication, Studio Ghibli would not exist now.

The box office performances of My Totoro and Tomb of the Firefly were not as good as expected, probably because they missed the release time, which means that these two films were not released in the movie season of summer vacation. But their excellent quality has won unanimous appreciation from all walks of life. That year, My Totoro won almost all the film awards in Japan, even the best cinematography award. "The Tomb of Fireflies" is known as "real art". Through these two films, Studio Ghibli became very famous in the Japanese film industry. In addition, My Neighbor Totoro also brought Ghibli unexpected gains-Totoro dolls became very popular. Why is it "unexpected"? Because the Totoro Muppets have been on the market for almost two years, and they didn't create Totoro to improve the box office. In fact, a puppet maker took a fancy to My Neighbor Totoro and thought it was a pity that this "character" didn't make a puppet, so he begged Studio Ghibli to let him make a puppet.

In a word, thanks to the sales performance of My Neighbor Totoro products, Studio Ghibli can slowly make up for the larger deficit caused by production costs. My Neighbor Totoro was later regarded by Ghibli as the symbol of the studio. At present, Ghibli is planning to set up a department to sell goods around movie characters. Of course, Ghibli's policy is still to make movies as the top priority, and the income from surrounding commodities is only an extra achievement. Ghibli has never (and will never) changed any part of the film in order to consider the value of the goods around it.

Ok, let's talk about the history of Ghibli again.

Ghibli's first film to win an excellent box office was 1989' s Wizard Help Home' directed by Miyazaki Hayao. The witch's home delivery attracted about 264 million viewers and became the highest-grossing movie in Japan. This film has brought in more revenue and box office than any film made by Studio Ghibli before. However, behind this great success, Ghibli encountered another problem: how should Ghibli actually operate better? Especially in the employment relationship, personnel recruitment, studio development and other aspects, are all issues that need to be considered. In the Japanese animation film industry, employees' wages are generally calculated according to the number of paintings, which is also the calculation method for Ghibli to pay employees' wages. However, the wages of the "witch home delivery" working group are seriously low, almost half of the average wage in Japan. Therefore, Miyazaki Hayao made two suggestions:

1. Change to full-time employment system and fixed salary system, and the salary of the working group will double.

2. Recruit new employees regularly and strengthen the training system.

Although Studio Ghibli's economic situation has improved, the Japanese animation industry was depressed at that time. Therefore, in order to maintain the production level in such an environment, Miyazaki Hayao believes that Ghibli needs a fixed work headquarters to establish a stable organizational system, realize the ideal of full-time employee system, and carry out employee training and expansion plans at the same time. Therefore, it can be said that Ghibli's business strategy has undergone great changes, and since then Ghibli has entered the second period.

After The Witch's Family, Ghibli's next work is Fairy Tales of Years, directed by Gao Wei. At the same time of film production, 1990 1 1 month, the full-time system was implemented, and Ghibli began to implement animation training courses, and the system of recruiting new employees every year was also realized.

The movie Fairy Tales of Those Years 199 1 was released, which also set an excellent box office. Like The Witch's Housemaid, it became the most popular movie of the year. However, what makes us most happy is that Miyazaki Hayao's two suggestions have come true: double pay and regular recruitment of new employees. However, when these two schemes were put into practice, another new problem appeared: the sharp increase of film production cost. This is the result that Ghibli had expected. Since 80% of the cost of animation comes from manpower, the result of doubling wages will of course greatly increase the cost.

So in this period, Ghibli's new policy is to make more efforts in advertising, hoping to improve the box office. If the increase in production costs is inevitable, the only solution is to increase the box office by strategic means. It's not that Studio Ghibli hasn't thought about it before. Only after "Fairy Tales of Those Years" did they really think of making efforts in advertising.

Around that time, the CEO of Ghibli pointed out the "3Hs" situation in Studio Ghibli. "3Hs" means "high cost", "high risk" and "high return". In order to make the highest quality film, it needs to invest a lot of production costs. At the same time, although there are high risks, it is very rewarding. This probably means "3Hs". Four years later, Ghibli still maintains this principle. However, although the salary is high, it is all invested in the production of the next film, so Ghibli is still poor. ...

The significance of hiring full-time employees is that Ghibli must pay employees every month. Ghibli's response to this situation is to keep a state of continuous work, that is, to keep making new movies, which has now become Ghibli's fate. Therefore, Studio Ghibli had to start the production of The Red Pig before the production of The Fairy Tales of Those Years was finished! For the first time, Ghibli encountered such a situation that the production time of two films overlapped. At that time, Fairy Tales of the Years was drawing to a close, and it was also the busiest stage. Ghibli can't deploy people to be a "red pig" at this unusual time. As a result, at the early stage of red pig production, poor Miyazaki Hayao had to work alone. Of course, Miyazaki Hayao was very unhappy. "What? You mean I have to be the producer, director and all the supporting roles by myself? ...」

Despite his pleading, the cruel Ghibli still .......

After taking the job of Red Pig, Miyazaki Hayao made a suggestion: "Hey! Let's build a new studio! This is Miyazaki Hayao's consistent practice: when encountering a problem, create a bigger problem as a solution! ! However, Miyazaki Hayao has a good reason: "If Ghibli wants to attract the best talents, renting an office is too shabby! "! " So, Studio Ghibli's new home finally began to build!

Miyazaki Hayao was a genius that year. While making "Red Pig", he also drew the blueprint of the new studio himself, and personally contacted the builder, asking the studio to be as close as possible to his ideal appearance after completion. A year later, Red Pig and the new studio were completed almost at the same time. As soon as Red Pig was released, Ghibli moved to a new home happily! !

The new studio has three floors, and the most special part of the whole building is probably the lounge. Although Ghibli has only half as many female employees as male employees, the girls' lounge is twice as big as the boys' and has better facilities. Perhaps this is our great architect Miyazaki Hayao, expressing his support for feminism! ! In addition, there are many green spaces in the new studio, and the parking spaces are deliberately reduced by Miyazaki Hayao. ......

Back to the point. 1992 Summer, "Red Pig" was released and became the best box office movie of the year. Even Steven Spielberg's film Captain Hook and Disney's Beauty and the Beast are no rivals.

1993, Ghibli bought two large computerized cameras, and set up the photography department that Ghibli longed for for for a long time. After adding this department, Ghibli finally grew into a studio with animation department, art department, description/painting department and photography department. This is completely opposite to the development direction of Japanese animation industry, which generally emphasizes that the division of labor should be extremely fine. Ghibli takes the opposite development direction because they feel that it is very important to work hard for the same goal under one roof and achieve high-quality works.

1993, Ghibli produced their first TV animation, The Sound of Tides. The director was Tomomi Mochizuki at the age of 34. Besides Miyazaki Hayao and Gaucher, he was the first director who directed films with Ghibli. The production team of this film is very young, and most of them are composed of people in their twenties and thirties. Their working creed is "fast, cheap and high-quality production".

This 70-minute TV special program has achieved satisfactory results, but it has exceeded the planned expectations in terms of budget and production time. Therefore, television is an area that Ghibli still needs to develop in the future.

From 65438 to 0994, The Battle of the Civet Cat directed by Gao Che also became the first Japanese-made film of the year. In this animation, most of the animation was done by young members who joined Ghibli after Fairy Tales of the Years and matured in Ghibli. They also made great efforts for the film Black City, Beaver Fight. In The Battle of Ping and Cats, Ghibli used computer to draw for the first time (CG). Although only three cuts did not use CG, more will be used if necessary in the future.

Ghibli now has 99 members: animation 46, description/painting 8, art 12, photography 4, director and production 12, publishing and marketing 5, management 12. As these figures show, most of Ghibli's staff are responsible for animation. The average age of all active members is 29 years old.

As mentioned above, Ghibli's film production cost may be higher than other studios. But judging from Ghibli's organizational structure, most of the funds are spent on movies. This is what makes Ghibli special. Ghibli can do this because it spends much less on supporting various departments than other companies.

In Miyazaki Hayao's philosophy, he thinks that Japan should create what they want Japanese children to see. Therefore, Ghibli, who follows Miyazaki Hayao's philosophy, has never asked for any help from studios in other overseas countries. Now let's talk about Ghibli's activities abroad! !

So far, Ghibli's works are mainly distributed in Asia, namely Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province. This situation gradually changed about two years ago. The first is the release of My Neighbor Totoro in the United States. Soon, FOSS obtained the distribution rights of My Neighbor Totoro home video, and the sales volume reached 560,000 volumes. In the American film industry, it is remarkable that Japanese films can achieve such results. In addition, The Battle of Kazuo Hirai was also selected to represent Japan in the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film!

As you may know, "Red Pig" is shown in more than 60 cinemas in France, and the famous actor Jane Reynolds is responsible for matching Bogo. In fact, Miyazaki Hayao himself happens to be a fan of Jane Reynolds, and he likes Jane Reynolds' role of Anceaux Enzo in the movie Gran Bleu (Great Blue) very much. So, of course, Miyazaki Hayao is very happy that Jane Reno can participate in Red Pig.

Ghibli hopes to spread its works to Europe and North America in the future. As long as it is constructive and reasonable, they are willing to adopt it. As an animator, Ghibli will be very happy to let more audiences enjoy his films and bring happiness to everyone, regardless of the race and nationality of the audience. However, in order to distribute his works abroad, Ghibli also encountered many difficulties. Many suggestions they received just wanted to record the film as a home video or just play it on TV. However, Ghibli wants their films to be shown in theaters first, because films are originally made for showing in theaters.

Of course, Ghibli will never allow anyone to modify his own works. Unfortunately, however, due to their lack of experience and thinking, some people revised it into a shorter version when making Valley of the Wind, and then released it in the United States and other regions under the name of "Warrior of the Wind". If you have read this book, Ghibli suggests you forget it!

Another point that needs to be emphasized is that Ghibli has never (and will never) made a film suitable for multinational markets for the sake of the market. Ghibli will maintain its consistent style and simply make movies for Japanese audiences. If circumstances permit, they will develop in other countries.

1In the summer of 995, Ghibli tried a new production group combination. Miyazaki Hayao is responsible for producing, writing and drawing mirror images, while Givan Condor, who was an animation director in Tomb of Fireflies, The Witch's Family and Fairy Tales of the Years, challenged the post of director. In addition, Ghibli also tried to add the latest digital technology to all parts of the film. After The Fairy Tales of Those Years was completed, Ghibli began to make their eleventh film, The Ghost Princess, which will be released on 1997. This film directed by Miyazaki Hayao will apply a lot of computer technology, which is a great challenge for Ghibli. In order to meet this new challenge, Ghibli set up a special CG team and purchased all the equipment needed for CG. At the same time, they also invited a CG director of Japanese TV network to join the production team of Princess Ghost, and this director had previously participated in the production of The Battle of Ping Beaver.

In the first year of film production alone, Ghibli invested 1 100 million yen in the update system. Computer technology, which performed well in Listening with Ears, will be widely used in Princess Ghost. Computer technology will make the original 2D plane image deeper (depth of field ...).

1In April, 995, Ghibli founded the Jingjing Animation Institute in the Eastern Suburb (Xiaojinjing is the town where Ghibli is located), hoping to tap and train more new directors like Kondo. The headmaster of the school is Gao Che. No one can guarantee that Studio Ghibli will continue to develop smoothly. Ghibli has never forgotten that every movie is a new challenge for them. The continuous innovation in quality, technology and personnel training is the reason for the existence of Studio Ghibli.

1995, another important work of Ghibli was Miyazaki Hayao's comments on Chuck and Bird (CHAGE &; ASKA's new song "Take your positions" produced this Music Movie, which lasted more than six minutes and was played in "Super 3". The work is full of flying scenes, especially the scene of a girl gliding into the sky from a Mercedes-Benz, which makes her feel relieved when listening to relaxed music. I believe that the production cost of a six-minute musical film is not low. The magnificent artificial underground science fiction world and the endless grassland on the surface will definitely make the audience dumbfounded. Moreover, it must be very attractive to make a long drama based on the inferred story. Regrettably, we have not seen a relatively complete version of this story so far.

Princess Ghost is Ghibli's 1 1 film. This film directed by Miyazaki Hayao uses a lot of computer technology, which is a great challenge for Ghibli. In order to meet this challenge, Ghibli set up a special CG team and spent 1 100 million yen to buy all the equipment needed for CG. At the same time, they also invited toshio suzuki, CG director of Japanese TV Network, to join the film production team, and Suzuki had previously participated in the production of "Magic Civet Cat". The application of computer technology makes the original 2D plane image more profound. From 1980, Miyazaki Hayao began to plan a film about "The Story of Girls' Love", which was finally put into production in 1995. It took two years, with a total cost of1350,000 and a total cost of 2 billion yen. "Princess Ghost" was released on1July, 1997, and was released on 184 days in February of the following year, with a box office income of17.9 billion yen, with an average "daily income". The national audience reached 30 million. The theme song was composed by Joe Hisaishi, written by Miyazaki Hayao and sung by Yoshikazu Mela. During this year, 383,000 single albums of the same name were released, and countless other peripheral products were produced, which also led to the animation video sales of previous works such as My Neighbor Totoro, Valley of the Wind, Listen to Your Ear and On Your Mark entering the top six of the year. The film became the first blockbuster in Japan at that time, and Ghibli once again rewritten history.

After the film was released, Miyazaki Hayao announced his retirement because of overwork. 1998 Disney bought out Ghibli's overseas copyright, and Princess Ghost was released in American and European markets.

Neighbor's Yamada Jun is the work of Takada Hiroshi 1999. It abandoned Ghibli's transparent animation and tried to draw sketches with pencil lines and watercolor tones. In order to achieve this effect, they used digital technology instead of traditional techniques. This is the first painting and animation work that Ghibli completed completely on the computer.

Spirited Away is the comeback work of Miyazaki Hayao, the master, and Ghibli's best work so far. After its premiere on July 20th, 200/kloc-0, it became the highest-grossing movie in Japanese history. Just like Miyazaki Hayao's previous films, this film also warns the world with a fairy tale. Chihiro, the hero, finally regained her "vitality" because she understood that "let herself find her original self", which is undoubtedly advice to modern Japanese. The long-term depression after the bankruptcy of the bubble economy, the difficulty of the reform of the old social system, and the strong distrust of the government cabinet by the people are all worries of adults; In the children's world, school spirit is corrupt, school violence is constant, and juvenile delinquency is a common darkness. Finding a key to open the door of light is a problem that every Japanese is considering. In this story, Chihiro finally inspired all the potential in his body and successfully completed his own adventure. Mr Miyazaki Hayao told this story to the whole Japanese society from the perspective of children. In Miyazaki Hayao's philosophy, he thinks that Japan should create what they want Japanese children to see.

I've seen all these. ..