Relationship between body mass index (BMI) and fundus blood vessel diameter

Relationship between body mass index (BMI) and fundus blood vessel diameter The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and fundus blood vessel diameter in children around the world In childhood, overweight and obesity have been recognized as health and public health problems all over the world. Many epidemiological studies have found that in developed countries, the incidence of overweight or obesity in children can be as high as 50%, and these children's obesity is a risk factor for early diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and even premature death in the future. There are many studies on macrovascular diseases caused by obesity, but there are few reports on the effects on microvascular circulation.

In the Journal of Pediatrics (J Pediatrics 2014; 165:1166-71) The Eye Research Center of Melbourne University in Australia cooperated with the National Eye Center of Singapore and the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Hong Kong in China. Dr. Kurniawan ED and others published a study on the height and weight of school-age children aged 7-9 in 20001-2006. A total of 4,265,438+0 students completed the complete research and analysis, including 49.2% boys, 865,438+0.9% Chinese, 65,438+02.6% Malays and 5.0% Indians.

The results showed that the height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of all school-age children increased significantly in the past five years, and the average diameter of central vein increased from 265438 06.99 μ m to 220.40 μ m, an increase of 3.4 μm(P

From this study, we know that obese and overweight children will have early adverse changes in retinal blood vessels, such as microvascular circulation diseases in which veins dilate first and arteries contract (or do not dilate with weight and age). Whether these early vascular diseases will have a long-term impact with the growth of age and obesity, and will cause cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease in middle age and maturity, which deserves long-term follow-up.

It is an indisputable fact that children's obesity is increasing in Taiwan Province Province. Although there is no similar study on the early effects and changes of fundus blood vessels, it still deserves the attention of pediatricians, ophthalmologists and parents.

Effects of maternal lead exposure and calcium intake during pregnancy on the growth and development of infants after birth. Due to the emphasis on environmental protection and the progress of science and technology, in developed countries, efforts have been made to reduce the lead content in daily necessities such as oil and paint, which has significantly reduced the lead concentration in the blood of ordinary people. In the study of 2003-2004 in the United States, the blood lead concentration of pregnant women was 1.2 ug/dl, while that of Korean women was 1. Exposure to excessive lead will damage the organs and shrine system of developing children, while in pregnant women, lead will cross the placenta, leading to premature delivery and low birth weight infants. Studies have found that when the mother's blood lead concentration exceeds 3 ug/dl during the second pregnancy, the head circumference of her baby will become smaller at 6 months and 12 months. Studies have found that low calcium intake on weekdays will increase the toxicity of lead.

In the February issue of Pediatrics (Pediatrics134; 1151-1159) Dr. Hong and others from the School of Environmental Psychology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center published their research on1from 2006 to 20. 150 pregnant women measured the lead content in umbilical cord blood in the early pregnancy (20 weeks ago) and at delivery, as well as the length and weight of newborns, and followed up the newborns at 6 months (N=852), 12 months (N=73 1) and 2 years (N=648).

The results showed that the lead concentration in maternal blood was less than 5 ug/dl, 65,438 0.25 ug/dl (0.25 ~ 2.63 ug/dl) in early pregnancy, 65,438 0.25 ug/dl (0.26 ~ 2.52 ug/dl) at delivery and 0.965438±0 ug/dl in umbilical cord blood of newborns. Prenatal exposure to lead, especially at the end of pregnancy, will delay the growth of babies born at the age of two, but if pregnant women consume more calcium, the growth of babies born will not be affected, but if pregnant women consume less calcium, the growth of babies born will be greatly affected.

In Taiwan Province Province, environmental protection has always been the focus of the whole people and * * *, but there are still items containing lead in the environment. Mothers should be careful to avoid contact during pregnancy, so as not to affect their children's growth. Moreover, adequate and balanced nutrition and food intake, especially calcium-containing foods, are indispensable during pregnancy.