September astronomical phenomena 20 10

With the arrival of autumn, the Pegasus quadrangle gradually replaced the summer night galaxy and became the protagonist of the night sky. Although there are not many bright stars in the autumn night sky, it seems a bit lonely, but deep space objects like Andromeda galaxy are undoubtedly the favorite observation targets of astronomy enthusiasts. In addition, the observation conditions of Jupiter this month are also very good, and occasional meteors and meteor showers have also entered a frequent period, among which the Perseid meteor shower in September is worthy of attention.

The Perseid meteor shower was extremely large on September 9.

In the second half of the year, large-flow meteor shower activities increased significantly. As for the reason, it is still inconclusive. But for us, these months are definitely a good opportunity to enjoy and shoot beautiful meteors. The flow of several meteor showers active in September is not large, mainly the Auriga alpha meteor shower (Auriga), Auriga delta meteor shower (DAU) and Perseid meteor shower (SPE) in September. Among them, the Alpha Meteor Shower Auriga visited the Earth for the first time, and its active period began at the end of August and lasted until September 3. Then there is the Perseid meteor shower in September, which is active on September 5 to 13. The second is the meteor shower of Auriga Delta. Until the middle of 10, we can still see the meteors of this meteor group.

By analyzing the historical observation data of the above three meteor groups, scientists found that there are similarities in both their radiation points and the speed or color of meteoroids. Therefore, international meteor organizations now collectively refer to them as the near auriga meteor shower. In most cases, even during the large period, the hourly flow of these meteor groups is only single digits, and only the Alpha meteor shower in Auriga broke out in 2008. The Perseid meteor shower in September this year is most likely to appear on September 9, which is a relatively young period. If astronomy enthusiasts plan to carry out observation activities such as celestial photography, they may wish to observe the near-imperial meteor group as one of the projects.

From the position of the radiant point, the observable time of Perseid meteor shower in September lasted almost all night, but it was not until after 23: 00 local time that the horizon height of the radiant point rose to a higher position. According to the forecast of the International Meteor Organization, the meteor shower will also appear around 23: 00 Beijing time on the 9th, with no moonlight interference all night and good observation conditions. However, because the flow is very small and there are many meteors occasionally in the middle of the night, it is difficult to judge whether a meteor belongs to this group even if it is observed.

On September 20th, the west distance of Mercury.

After moving eastward on August 7, the height of Mercury's horizon decreased rapidly at sunset and gradually approached the sun. By the next solar day, September 3, Mercury will be completely submerged in the sun's brilliance. After that, Mercury will become the morning star again, and the horizon will rise rapidly at sunrise, and it will appear in the southeast sky at dawn in mid-September. On September 20th, Mercury will reach the position of great distance to the west for the third time this year, with an angular distance of 18 from the sun. At sunrise that day, the horizon of Mercury is about16, and the brightness can reach -0.4. This is a good opportunity to observe Mercury for the second time this year after the easterly distance on April 9. Then the height of Mercury drops slowly. As long as the weather is fine in late September, we may find it before dawn.

September 2 1 solar eclipse of Jupiter.

Regardless of mass or volume, Jupiter is the oldest in planets of the solar system. But on earth, it is neither as bright as Venus nor as beautiful as Saturn's rings, and of course it lacks the personality of Mars. In general telescopes, it is difficult for us to observe the details of Jupiter's surface, such as the great red spot. The main focus is on the colorful cloud belt and the four bright Galileo satellites.

The radius of Jupiter's orbit around the sun is about 780 million kilometers, 930 million kilometers when it is farthest from the earth, and 620 million kilometers when it is near. Because it is too far away, we can see that its apparent area is not much different at different times, so Jupiter has good observation conditions in the months before and after the eclipse, and the important factor that often affects its observation effect is the height of the horizon in the middle of the day.

We all know that the ecliptic and the celestial equator are not parallel, so the horizon height at different positions of the ecliptic is different at noon for different places. In the mid-latitude region of our northern hemisphere, the zenith horizon of Scorpio and Sagittarius on the ecliptic is lower, while the horizon near Taurus and Gemini is higher. In the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the south, the ecliptic even crosses the zenith. The low horizon, also known as low altitude, is greatly influenced by the atmosphere and the observation conditions are relatively poor. This is why the same 0-magnitude star appears dim near the horizon, but becomes very bright near the zenith. A few years ago, Jupiter was in Scorpio and Sagittarius. For us, even in the middle of the night, its horizon is low. Recently, Jupiter moved from Aquarius to Pisces. Jupiter is only 1 away from the vernal equinox and its brightness is -2.9, so the observation conditions are getting better and better.

Of course, in the process of Jupiter colliding with the sun on September 2 1 this year, besides itself, Uranus, another nearby planet, was also a major attraction. At this time, the distance between Uranus and Jupiter is very small, which is just convenient for us to find it with a telescope and see its elegance.

On September 22, Uranus rushed to the sun.

Just one day after Jupiter's eclipse, Uranus also moved to the eclipse position. To be precise, it should be the relative position between Uranus and the earth that forms the sun. On September 22nd, 1, the brightness of Uranus is about 5.7, which is almost opposite to the position of the sun on the celestial sphere. It rises in the east at sunset on September 22, and sets in the west at sunrise the next day. It can be observed all night.

The average distance between Uranus and the sun is 2.869 billion kilometers, and the brightness is around 6 in most cases. It is difficult for us to tell the difference among the stars with naked eyes, so people didn't realize the existence of this planet 0 1 78 1 3 13 before the invention of the telescope. Herschel discovered it for the first time in his yard with a homemade telescope. At first, Herschel thought that this hazy object in Taurus might be a comet. Later, with the efforts of many scientists, the true face of Uranus was revealed. The discovery of Uranus has multiplied the scale of the solar system that people know. But most of what we know about it now only comes from the data returned by 1986 Voyager 2. Looking at Uranus on the ground, its apparent diameter is only 4 ",which is less than Saturn's 1/4. It is difficult for us to photograph its viewing plane with only a small astronomical telescope.

Jupiter takes about 12 years to orbit the sun, but Uranus takes 84 years. According to the formula of the rendezvous period of exoplanets, we can calculate that they approach each other every 14 years on the ecliptic. However, due to Jupiter's anterograde and retrograde, there will be three coincidences in each cycle. During this period, Uranus and Jupiter are only "very close". They met for the first time on June 7th, the second time on September 23rd and the third time at the beginning of next year 1 month. Among them, September 23 is the longest distance between the three conjunctions, and the two planets are about 50' apart. I believe you can easily find Jupiter in Pisces, where there are no bright stars. Then you can use the schematic map (upper left) provided by us to find Uranus.

Venus is brightest on September 24th.

Take the area around 40 north latitude as an example. This time, Venus appeared on the east side of the sun. At sunset, the highest horizon height is in late May, the east distance is on August 20th, and the highest brightness is on September 24th. As we all know, Venus itself does not shine. We can see it because it reflects sunlight. Due to the high albedo of the surface atmosphere, it is very bright. There are many factors that affect the brightness of Venus, mainly its distance from us and the size of its phase. Generally speaking, we can see that the larger the surface of Venus is illuminated, the higher the brightness. Venus's brightest time occurs between the great distance and the downward conjunction, and the two brightest times in a cycle are about one month after the great distance and before the great distance in the west. The brightness at a long distance is about -4.5, and it can reach -4.9 at the brightest. If the atmospheric transparency is high, bright Venus will even be very dazzling at dawn or dusk.

Venus has a lot to see in September, and it is close to Mars and Saturn all month. On September 1 1, Venus will meet the new moon, and on September 29, the astronomical phenomena of Venus and Mars will be staged.

Dynamics of Sun, Moon and Planets at 438+00 in August, 2065

sun

At the beginning of the month, the apparent right meridian and latitude of the sun were 40.4 points and+8 23.7' when they were 10, respectively; At the end of the month, the solar declination and declination are 12, 24.7 minutes and-2 40.3' respectively. The sun moves from Leo to Virgo this month.

moon

The time when the moon passes through the perigee and apogee is September 8 12 and September 2 1 day 16 respectively. The moon phases are lower chord, new moon, upper chord and full moon on the 2nd 1: 22, 8th 18: 30, 5th 13: 50, 23rd 17: 07 respectively.

mercury

On September 3, Mercury merged with the sun and was submerged in the sun's brilliance. Mercury was a dark star before the 3rd, and became a morning star after the sundial on the 3rd, and began to move away from the sun quickly. It can be seen that the time is also advanced day by day, appearing in the northeast sky before dawn and turning to the southeast sky in mid-September. On September 20th, Mercury reached the west distance, and the angular distance from the sun was 18. Before sunrise, it was in the southeast sky. At sunrise, the horizon is about 16 and the brightness is about -0.4, which is the second best time to observe Mercury this year. After flying a long distance to the west, Mercury began to approach the sun again.

Venus

The evening star running in Virgo is low in the southwest at sunset. At sunset, Venus has a low horizon with a brightness of about -4.4, which is close to the sun and difficult to observe. On September 24th, Venus reached its brightest, with a brightness of about -4.8. At 2 o'clock on the 2nd, Venus meets Jiaokou, and Venus is located in the south of Jiaokou 1. 1 1 eclipse Venus is at 2 1, and Venus is located at 0.3 in the north of the moon. On 29th 14, Venus merged with Mars, and Venus was located at 6 degrees south of Mars.

launch

From Virgo to Libra, Mars is in the southwest sky at sunset. At sunset, the horizon height of Mars gradually drops from 17 to 13, and the brightness is about 1.5. 19: 30 is difficult to observe at night. At 22: 00 on the 4th, Mars will be in the corner of the moon, and it will be 2. At 1 1, it will be on the moon 1 6, and it will be 5.

Jupiter

Retrograde in Aquarius, Jupiter rises from the southeast after sunset on September 23, and can be seen all night. The brightness is about -2.9, which is the best time to observe Jupiter this year. At 2 1 day and 18, Jupiter is in the south of the moon. 2 1 At 20 o'clock on the day, Jupiter rushed to the sun. At 3 o'clock on the 23rd, Jupiter met Uranus, and Jupiter was located 0.9 south of Uranus. On 23rd 19, Jupiter is in conjunction with the moon, and Jupiter is located at 7 degrees south of the moon.

Saturn

It goes straight in Virgo, locates in the southwest sky at sunset, and soon sets down, which is difficult to observe. 10: 06, Saturn closes the moon, and Saturn is located 8.

September Astronomical Table 20 10

Solar time celestial phenomena

2 1 bottom chord

Venus is in conjunction with Ju Chi.

3 2 1 Mercury Sunrise

4: 22 Mars and Ju Chi meet.

Perigee of 8 12 moon ball

8 18 new moon

Saturn closed the moon.

Mars combines with the moon.

The moon covered Venus.

12 1 1 mercury column

15 14 winding

20 1 westward distance of mercury

2 1 0 Neptune combined with the moon

The moon is too far from us.

Jupiter combines with the moon.

2 1 20 Jupiter solar eclipse

22 1 Uranus rushes to the sun

23 3 Jupiter and Uranus

23 1 1 autumnal equinox

23 17 Wang

23 19 Jupiter combined with the moon

Uranus combines with the moon.

Venus is the brightest.

Venus and Mars