Structural skills that beginners of photography must learn.

Just as rules are not always immutable, although there are some rules that should be followed in photographic composition, this is only to avoid some typical disadvantages. Below, I sorted out the composition skills that beginners of photography must learn, hoping to help you!

Novice photographers must have photographic composition skills.

I horizon and trigonometry

Trigonometry and? Never put the horizon in the middle of the picture? You may be familiar with these two rules. Take the dichotomy as an example. In order to achieve the best effect, this is a rule that can be applied or may be abused. Imagine dividing your picture vertically and horizontally into three parts, so that you get nine rectangles or nine squares.

Theoretically, in landscape photos, the horizon should be placed on one of the two horizontal lines (such as the upper horizontal line), and the focus of the subject or lens should be at the intersection of the lower horizontal line and one of the vertical lines. Of course, this rule will apply to some photos (such as landscape photos), which can create a harmonious composition.

There is also a rule to deal with the horizon, that is, don't put the horizon in the middle of the picture, because it will split the picture in two. If the sky is particularly charming, give it most pictures. If not, move the horizon to the top to avoid the dreary sky taking up more pictures.

Second, the status of the subject.

The position of the subject improves and increases the interest of the picture.

Putting the subject in the picture is a very important problem. At the same time, it is also important where you put the background that can be used to improve and increase the interest of the picture.

Photographers usually want to put people directly in the middle of the picture when shooting people, which is a common drawback and makes the picture very stable. If you hold the camera horizontally, it will look even worse. Turn the camera to get a vertical picture, move people to one side of the picture, with an interesting background, and the composition will be greatly improved.

In this case, a more interesting composition can be obtained by using the background. Let the characters stand or lean against an interesting object, such as a beautifully decorated iron fence, a doorpost or a tree. For example, let the characters deviate from the center of the picture and shoot vertically with the camera.

Three. Background and prospect

The background and foreground are cleverly matched.

Don't forget that the final photo you get will include everything you see in the viewfinder. The picture is not just the subject you want to shoot, you must consider the background and prospect. Your subject should be in harmony with other objects in the photo. Paying attention to the background is not to destroy or divert people's attention to the subject, but to set off the subject as perfectly as possible.

If the background is large and complex, you can adjust the aperture to make the background out of focus. If you are still not satisfied, you can change the background by changing the lens or the shooting angle. You should avoid tall objects behind the main body, such as trees and street lamps, because they seem to grow from the main body, and a part of the out-of-focus human body at the edge of the picture may also have adverse effects. If the person is the subject, the subject's posture should be natural, don't stand at attention, don't look at the camera, let them look at the distance outside the picture, or let them read books and newspapers, which is also an ideal way to deal with it.

Fourth, the choice of boundary.

Use the foreground as a framework.

This technology is often used? Chocolate candy box? Decorative photography It includes framing a scene or theme with foreground objects, and the most common ones include branches, arches, beautifully decorated railings and court doors.

Before shooting, you can use the aperture and depth of field prediction device to make the focus of the scene around the shooting object clear or out of focus. Branches of defocus at the top and side of the picture will help to build the scene and naturally focus on the subject. A well-focused border may also be attractive, but it may compete with the main body. The common arches in ancient European cities can lead people's eyes to narrow cobblestone paths or add borders to rural scenery. Exquisite railings and courtyards outside ancient buildings can make the photos of buildings more chic and elegant. Close to shooting, use the foreground as the frame, and use a small aperture, because the frame and subject of this kind of photo should be in focus.

Verb (short for verb) Read the picture.

The landscape became a landscape painting.

In many ways, appreciating a painting is like reading a page. Our eyes naturally sweep or enter the picture and fall into focus. A typical example is that a path winding from the bottom of the picture will lead your eyes to people or buildings near the top of the picture. When you look at such a picture, your vision will subconsciously follow this path and come to the shooting focus from the bottom up. The money on the diagonal of the screen will also guide your sight, such as the winding coastline or the river flowing through the canyon. Money along this diagonal line tends to observe all the picture components with good sight.

Sixth, the pattern structure.

If you pay attention to observation, you can find some pattern structures anywhere, and you can use the pattern structures found in everyday objects to create interesting and even surreal photos.

Cutting is a means of composition.

It's hard to give examples, because there are countless possibilities for taking pictures. You can find ready-made patterns, or get patterns from reflections on glass. In addition, analogues of different colors. The concrete and steel structure of modern buildings may become the model. You can also find similar or repeated parts in the structural design, choose a suitable viewpoint, and carefully cut them in the scene viewer to get such pattern photos.

VII. Complement map

In addition, a very useful composition method for some kinds of photography is to fill the picture with the subject, which is particularly useful for mobile photography. All you need is the subject, and everything around you is unnecessary, which will distract people from the interesting center.

Fill the screen close to the main body.

Stay close to the topic, but don't miss any important parts. An action that fills the screen will produce greater attraction. A moving picture with a messy background is not a perfect picture. This technology can not only be used to shoot moving objects, but if you want to shoot still life and there is no need to show other objects in the picture, then you can get close to the subject and let the fluctuating subject fill the whole picture.

VIII. Equipment

Choosing the right equipment is important for composition, but you don't need a bag full of lenses. Although the eyes with choice and imagination are still the most important, it is helpful to choose the right tools. Zoom lens is one of the most useful tools in composition. By changing the focal length and viewing angle, you can carefully select the subject and shoot without moving the position. You can also remove ugly or disturbing objects, or fill in the picture to achieve greater effect, and you can also include more scenes to get a better perspective and greater depth of field.