What are the characteristics of Qing Dynasty clothing?

what are the characteristics of clothing in Qing dynasty?

features: Qing dynasty costumes generally pursue comeliness, simplicity and tight sleeves. It reflects the conservatism and closed-door character of the Qing Dynasty.

Manchu women in Qing dynasty usually wore cheongsam, vest and flowerpot shoes with high heels at the soles of their feet. Han women have the saying that "men are healthy and women are not healthy" and still follow the Ming system. In the later period, Manchu and Han women's costumes influenced each other, and each had obvious changes.

The imitation center of women's clothing in Qing Dynasty was changed several times, with Suzhou as the center in Qianlong, Nanjing and Yangzhou as the center in Jiaqing, and then Shanghai as the center. After the Revolution of 1911, the clothing imprisonment was broken, and with the introduction of western clothing technology, women's clothing has undergone new changes.

horse hanging is a unique costume in Qing dynasty. Most of its styles are round neck, with double lapel, big lapel and pipa lapel, and there are long sleeves, short sleeves, big sleeves and narrow sleeves, but all of them are flat cuffs. It was not until the introduction of western clothing in the late Qing Dynasty and the Revolution of 1911 that China's clothing changed greatly and entered the stage of modern clothing development.

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Evolution

1. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi,

aristocratic women were popular with a brown robe with a black collar and a gold pattern, plus a light green gown with black edges and gold embroidery patterns. There are ornaments in front of the lapel, a big bun on the head, and a headscarf style. The maid is wearing a black collar and green robe, gold buttons, Cui Hua on her head, and beaded shoulders.

2. During the Qianlong period,

women wore light yellow shirts with pink trimmings and big black yuntou vests. The skirt or trouser legs are inlaid with black embroidered railings and full of red bow shoes. There are also red embroidered shoes with white satin sleeves and wide columns. There are also people who wear collarless sapphire blue clothes with black trimmings. A string of incense cards is hung on the front of their lapels, and small items such as timepieces, toothpicks and incense sticks are hung on their buttons.

Some people tie orange ribbons on the outside of their clothes, which hang on both sides of their waists and hips and are flush with their shirts. The ends of the ribbons are embroidered. Some also wear white gauze undershirts, black pants, red belts, red Chinese-style chest covering, and a tongue in the heel.

3. During the reign of Daoguang in Jiaqing,

many women wore blue and purple skirts with low collars. The mirror and bottom of the skirts were inlaid with black embroidered railings, and the cuffs were inlaid with full-color embroidered peony broad edges on a white background. There are also cuffs and skirts with wide railings, skirts hanging down to the knees, and shoulders with rolling clouds. There are also some light red skirts with flowers in green, with a few broken branches embroidered on the mirror of the skirt and tassels hanging over the clouds.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Characteristics of Qing Dynasty Costumes

After the Qing soldiers entered the customs in 1644, Manchu costume customs spread rapidly in China with the help of military and political forces.

In feudal society, clothing was closely related to everyone's identity and social class. The style, color and texture of clothing must conform to the status of the wearer. Men's clothing in the Qing Dynasty was mainly robes, jackets, coats, shirts and trousers. The difference between the royal family, the officials and the common people in robes and clothes is mainly manifested in the number of open slits. The royal family uses four slits, officials use two slits, and the people don't.

There are also strict rules on the time and occasion of wearing clothes. For example, officials with five or more items must wear mink and fur on the first day of the winter solstice (November of the lunar calendar) every year, which is commonly known as "turning over the jacket". Every year in March of the lunar calendar, hundreds of officials change their cool hats and warm hats in August. At that time, the ritual department will play the invitation and the emperor will change them by decree.

robes and mandarin jackets are one of the most commonly used clothes for men in Qing dynasty, which are matched with cloth boots and melon caps. Young Manchu women wear flag dresses, and their waistcoats are in a straight line, while middle-aged women wear cheongsam. The clothing combination of Han women is generally coat, jacket, skirt and cloak.

In the house of poetry and etiquette, little girls must wear skirts when they are 13 years old. Those who only wear pants and skirts are generally maids and rural working women. In addition, * * * is a skirt and only wears pants, which is the fundamental difference between a good woman and a brothel woman in clothing.

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The Qing Dynasty was a political power established by Manchu ethnic minority. Because it was in a nomadic day and in a state of war for a long time, the main characteristics of its clothing culture were tight, concise and easy to ride and shoot, which was quite different from the traditional clothing culture of Han nationality.

From the perspective of clothing development history, the Qing Dynasty made the greatest changes to traditional clothing, and the clothing form of the Qing Dynasty was the most complicated in China's past dynasties, which was also a great change in China's clothing design history in the recent century.

the Qing dynasty was the last dynasty of feudal society in the history of China. The multi-ethnic country has been further consolidated and developed, while the feudal system has declined. Judging from the history of ancient Chinese clothing development, the clothing system in Qing Dynasty has undergone great changes. The traditional clothing system handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years was destroyed by the entry of the Eight Banners, and it was replaced by strange foreign clothing.

The Qing Dynasty is a special historical period in China's clothing history, which is dominated by Manchu costumes and has typical characteristics of northern nomadic people. This is the result of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty forcing people to change their crowns and change their clothes by violence and prohibition, which led to great changes in ancient Chinese clothing in the last feudal dynasty.

The Han nationality tradition, which lasted for thousands of years, has been destroyed and changed. In sharp contrast, the short and narrow sleeves and the simple and solemn Manchu flag dress have gained a dominant position.

flag dress is characterized by saving materials, simple manufacture and convenient wearing. Although the clothing in the Qing Dynasty abandoned many traditional basic forms in appearance, its internal things did not change, and its spiritual essence was in the same strain as the whole Chinese national clothing culture.

It not only embodies the custom characteristics of this nation, but also retains the hierarchical content left over from thousands of years. However, its provisions are complex and complicated, but it exceeds all previous dynasties.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty Costume Characteristics and Culture about Qing Dynasty Costume

1. The traditional costume system handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years was destroyed by the entry of the Eight Banners, and it was replaced by strange foreign costumes.

The Qing Dynasty is a special historical period in China's clothing history, which is dominated by Manchu costumes and has typical characteristics of northern nomadic people. This is the result of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty forcing people to change their crowns and change their clothes by violence and prohibition, which led to great changes in ancient Chinese clothing in the last feudal dynasty.

2. The tradition of Han nationality, which lasted for thousands of years, is full of robes and sleeves, and the skirt is full of glory. It is chic and vivid, delicate and feminine, and it has been destroyed and changed. In sharp contrast, the short and narrow sleeves and the simple and solemn Manchu flag dress have gained a dominant position. Flag dress is characterized by saving materials, simple manufacture and convenient wearing.

3. Although the clothing in Qing Dynasty abandoned many traditional basic forms in appearance, its inner things did not change, and its spiritual essence came down in one continuous line with the clothing culture of the whole Chinese nation. It not only embodies the custom characteristics of this nation, but also retains the hierarchical content left over from thousands of years. However, its provisions are complex and complicated, but it exceeds all previous dynasties. 4. Clothing in Qing Dynasty was the last stage of the development of ancient clothing in China, and its process ended with the collapse of the last feudal dynasty. Although ancient Chinese clothing has ended its history, its significance has gone far beyond itself.

expanding materials

Basic characteristics of costumes:

The Tang Dynasty was an era of high political and economic development, prosperous culture and art, and splendid feudal culture. The Tang Dynasty unified the chaotic and split state of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui Dynasty, established a unified and powerful country, developed foreign trade transactions, greatly developed productivity, and enjoyed a long period of prosperity and national security.

Especially when the prosperous Tang Dynasty became the economic and cultural exchange center of all ethnic groups in Asia, it was the most glorious page in China's cultural history. This period absorbed Indian and Iranian cultures and integrated them into Chinese culture, which fully reflected the prosperity at that time from murals, stone carvings, sculptures, books, paintings, silk embroidery, pottery figurines and costumes.

from the sui and Tang dynasties, the most obvious feature of China's clothing was the dual-track system. Wear Hanfu in big sacrificial scenes. In normal times, the official costume of the Tang Dynasty was the Hu costume (Xianbei costume) system.

1. Slow-beam skirt with half-exposed chest

Slow-beam skirt with half-exposed chest is not something everyone can do. In the Tang Dynasty, only people with status could wear open-chested shirts, Princess Yongtai could be half-naked, and singers could be half-naked to please the ruling class, while women in ordinary people's homes were not allowed to be half-naked. At that time, the semi-topless dresses in the Tang Dynasty were somewhat similar to modern western evening dresses, except that the shoulders and back were not allowed to be exposed.

2. Half-arm wear of the skirt

Half-arm wear of the skirt-this kind of dress appeared as early as the early Tang Dynasty; Not only is it popular in the Central Plains, but women in the northwest also like to wear a half-arm skirt. The half-arm is a kind of clothing that comes from the short-arm extension, and it is usually worn with a pair of lapels and tied on the chest. There are also a few "pullover" styles, which are worn from the top down, with a wide neckline and a flat chest.

Baidu Encyclopedia: Tang Dynasty Costumes Characteristics of Qing Dynasty Women's Costumes

1. Chinese Women's Costumes

Han women wear cloaks and skirts. Cloak is the coat of women in Qing dynasty, which is made of double-breasted, big sleeves and knee-length below. On the cloak, there is a low collar, dotted with all kinds of jewelry. Inside the cloak, there are also big skirts, big coats and small coats. The small coats are women's underwear, and the colors are mostly red, pink and pink.

Women's lower skirts are mostly skirts, and red is the most expensive color. The style of the skirt still preserves the horse-faced skirt of the Ming Dynasty. During the Kangxi period, the horse-faced skirt began to focus on decorating the skirt door, and later the skirt pleats were changed to long trapezoidal tabs.

2. Manchu and court women's clothing

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it was a long dress with round neck, right slit, twisted lapel, straight body, flat sleeves and front and back slits, and later it was changed to open to the armpit from left to right. The top of the slit must be decorated with clouds, and the pattern of cheongsam is more gorgeous, and the inlay and rolling of the side ornaments are more exquisite. There are many kinds of patterns, and they have their own meanings.

During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, there were more and more ways of rolling lace in the clothes of aristocratic women in Beijing, which was called "eighteen inlays". This decorative fashion continued to be popular until the Republic of China. At the beginning, cheongsam had no collar, so it was necessary to wear a scarf, and later it was added with a fake gold ingot collar.

3, harem clothing

The queen, empress dowager, imperial concubine, imperial concubine, princess and concubine are called dragon gowns, which are round neck, double-breasted, left and right open, and the sleeves are straight. According to the literature, there are two types of patterns on the Queen's dragon gown. The objects in the Forbidden City in Beijing have three types, all of which are stone blue:

The first one is decorated with eight groups of dragons with five claws, one on the shoulders, one on the chest and one on the back, two on the front and back, and two on the front and back, with eight treasures, water waves, river cliffs and standing water patterns on the bottom, and two dragons and water waves on the sleeve ends.

the second one only adorns the golden dragon with five claws and eight regiments, with no patterns on the bottom and sleeve ends. The third kind is decorated with five-claw golden dragons and eight regiments, and the next picture is decorated with water waves, rivers, hills, and standing water patterns. Empress, empress dowager, imperial concubine, imperial concubine and imperial concubine are the same. The dragon gown that he wore, one front and one back on both shoulders, changed into four dragons.

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The queen's dress style is basically similar to that of Manchu ladies. The round neck, big skirt, collar, sleeves and skirt edges are all decorated with wide lace, but the patterns are different.

The cheongsam worn by Manchu women in Qing Dynasty was often covered with a vest, which was a favorite costume of Manchu women. This kind of vest, like men's vests, also has the shape of big lapel, straight lapel, double lapel and pipa lapel, which is as long as the waist and is decorated with lace.

Manchu women's hair style is called flag head, and there were two heads in the middle of Qing dynasty. In the late Qing dynasty, Manchu aristocratic women added a plate-shaped crown ornament called big pull wings to the two heads.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty Costume Features of Qing Dynasty Costume

1. The traditional costume system passed down from generation to generation for thousands of years was destroyed due to the entry of the Eight Banners soldiers, and it was replaced by the abrupt Manchu costume.

2. Manchu's flag dress has a rectangular outline, a saddle-shaped collar to cover the cheek, and the clothes are not waisted up and down, and the shirt is not exposed. The button is used as the decoration on the right button, two or three fake sleeves are used to cover the hands, and the horseshoe sleeves are decorated with rolling technology. The clothes are added with clothes, and the waistcoat or jacket is added. Today, it also has a certain influence on modern clothing. Especially with the development of the times, the cheongsam with beautiful posture is highlighted by the processed curve, which saves the aesthetic side of the full suit.

3. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was gradually forced to change Hanfu into Hanqi. After the mid-Qing dynasty, women's dresses were edged layer by layer, which was called "rolling inlay". Manchu women in Qing Dynasty wore full-style flag dresses. They did not bind their feet or dress, but all wore cheongsam, sometimes with waistcoats. After Qianlong, high-soled "flowerpot-soled" shoes appeared in Manchu women's dresses. After Xianfeng, tall hairstyles such as "two heads" and "big wings" appeared, which became the prominent characteristics of Manchu women's wear.

4. Manchu mandarin jackets are not trimmed. When the Manchus first entered the customs, they forced the Han nationality to wear their mandarin jackets through the massacre. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Yongzheng, it began to be popular in the society because of the enslavement policy, and developed into clothes such as singles, clips, yarn, leather and cotton, and became men's plain clothes, which could be worn by ordinary people.

There is one color in mandarin jackets that can't be used casually, and that is yellow. The yellow jacket is a special gift from the emperor.

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The evolution of clothing in the Qing Dynasty:

1. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi,

a brown robe with a black collar and a gold pattern was popular among aristocratic women, plus a light green gown with black edges and gold embroidery patterns. There are ornaments in front of the lapel, a big bun on the head, and a headscarf style. The maid is wearing a black collar and green robe, gold buttons, Cui Hua on her head, and beaded shoulders.

2. During the Qianlong period,

women wore light yellow shirts with pink trimmings and big black yuntou vests. The skirt or trouser legs are inlaid with black embroidered railings and full of red bow shoes. There are also red embroidered shoes with white satin sleeves and wide columns.

3. During the reign of Daoguang in Jiaqing,

many women wore blue and purple skirts with low collars. The mirror and bottom of the skirts were inlaid with black embroidered railings, and the cuffs were inlaid with full-color embroidered peony broad edges on a white background. There are also cuffs and skirts with wide railings, skirts hanging down to the knees, and shoulders with rolling clouds. There are also some light red skirts with flowers in green, with a few broken branches embroidered on the mirror of the skirt and tassels hanging over the clouds.

4. During the Tongzhi period,

it was popular to set wide-brimmed silk trousers with blue satin, with a bandwidth of one or several feet and embroidered lines at the ends. There is a custom of lacing whether you are wearing a skirt or trousers. It is better to hang down to the knee after the belt is tied.

5. In the middle period of Guangxu

Women's dresses became shorter and sleeves became wider, and the straps were more than one foot above their knees. When they walked, they floated with the wind, and some of them sewed tassels at the ends of the straps, which showed a strange effect when they swung. The main colors are lake blue and peach red, as well as sapphire blue and scarlet.

6.

In the last years of Guangxu, women's clothes were knee-length, decorated with large inlaid rollers, and sometimes 16 to 2 streamers were added to their skirts, each with a silver bell tied at the tail, which made a noise when walking, which was very funny. Such new clothes really make women's images more delicate and demure. This new form, which was slightly changed on the original basis, was fashionable and trendy at that time.

7. In the late Qing Dynasty,

fake cuffs were popular inside sleeves, sometimes one or two, sometimes two or three. This kind of costume, one is to show identity and wealth; The second is to strengthen the style and characteristics of the closed form of flag dress. False sleeve