The connection and difference between film and drama

It should be said that TV performing arts are basically the same as drama and film performing arts in creative tasks. So, are the characteristics of TV performing arts similar to those of drama and film performing arts? What is the difference between them? The main features of TV performance art are exactly the same as those of drama and film performance art. This feature is that they are all an art of "incarnating into roles".

As mentioned above, the creative task of drama, film and television performance art is to create vivid, flesh-and-blood and aesthetic characters. The completion of this creative task can only be achieved through the actor's own black and pink appearance, through his own appearance, putting himself in the role, and finally achieving the goal of "incarnating into a role". "Incarnation as a role" has become the most important feature of drama, film and television performance, because it points out the most important contradiction to be solved in drama, film and television performance: that is, the actor takes himself as the carrier, makes himself a character in the script, shows another personality and becomes another role, and finally uses this as a medium to make the audience appreciate its aesthetic value.

China opera actors have a very incisive artistic formula for the characters created by the actors. This artistic technique is: "I am not me, I am me, I am not me;" Who pretends to be like who, who pretends to be like who. " From this artistic formula, it is discussed that "I am"-the actor is creating, and the role created is already "non-me", and the so-called "non-me" is to become a role. Although I am still the carrier of the role, he has become a role, not the "I" of the original actor. On the other hand, from the perspective of the actor's creative task, it is put forward that whoever plays a role will reach the state of "looking perfect", that is, "entering the role", "integrating himself with the role he plays" and "re-embodying" him to the degree of "pretending to be like himself". From this couplet-style artistic formula, we can see that it dialectically expresses the characteristics that performing arts are played by actors and must eventually be transformed into roles.

Because drama and film and television performing arts all have the main characteristics of actors playing roles and "incarnating into roles", they will inevitably appear in drama and film and television performing arts, which is another creative feature of actors presenting themselves with their own body and mind and shaping artistic figures in themselves.

Television performance, like drama and film performance, has a common feature, that is, its creation is always carried out under fictional and hypothetical conditions. Although TV plays can be shot in real environment like movies, they can't be completely true. For example, even if shooting a war scene in a real environment, you can't use live ammunition; Scenes in the rain are usually done with sprinklers. Besides, the shooting of TV series can't completely leave the fake set of the studio. This is especially true in some indoor series shooting. More importantly, the dramatic situation in any drama, movie or TV series is completely fictitious, so actors must be able to turn this fiction into a credible reality. Actors are obviously colleagues, but under hypothetical circumstances, they may become father and son, brothers, sisters, husband and wife, monarch and minister, enemies, lovers and so on. The fictional stories of life and death, right and wrong, kindness and resentment all need actors to shape them into artistic reality. Therefore, TV performance, like drama and film performance, can be said to be an art of "getting things done". This requires actors to be able to "take the fake seriously" and "pretend to do it". Only in this way will the audience believe.

However, in TV performance, some features are different from drama performance, but similar to film performance. The difference between them and theatrical performances is that film and television actors and dramatic actors have different positions and functions in the overall artistic creation. In drama, the actor can be said to be the center, and the performance of the dramatic actor is the overall completion of artistic creation. In drama performance, the director's conception is mainly realized by the actor's performance, so in the creation of drama art, we often hear the phrase "the director should die in the creation of the actor". The creation of stage art and other art departments, although the independent expression of a certain meaning in contemporary drama art is getting bigger and bigger, is also inseparable from the premise of serving the actors' performance creation. On the stage, as long as the curtain is opened, the actor becomes the master of a performance, and the performance of the actor often determines the success or failure of a play. So people also call drama "the art of actors". Therefore, actors become the center of drama performance.

The artistic creation of film and television is different from drama, but it is director-centered, so people call it "the art of director". Because the completion of a TV series or a movie depends on the overall picture or picture modeling, the actor's performance is only an element of the overall picture or picture modeling. A director can't just "die in the creation of actors" when he carries out creative ideas and embodies his own ideas. He must consider the overall screen or screen shape.

The difference between film and television performance and drama performance lies in the difference of aesthetic consciousness. Different works of art naturally have their own unique aesthetic qualities. In drama performance, the actor pursues the beauty of stage performance, while in film and television performance, the actor pursues the beauty of the lens in the picture modeling.

The first factor to break through the stage limitation is the camera and the camera, which produces its documentary characteristics, as well as montage, recreating time and space and moving pictures. Cameras and cameras are extremely important elements in screen and screen modeling, and they have unique creativity. Their participation has become an important part in the aesthetics of film and television performance.

When a dramatic actor performs on the stage, due to the distance from the audience, it is inevitable that he will exaggerate or even deform appropriately. For example, the performance of Peking Opera is gradually formed not only in performance, but also in clothing and makeup, and it shows the characteristics of life in a deformed way. Although drama performance is closer to life than Beijing opera performance, considering the audience's appreciation requirements, there are still some exaggerated elements in voice, language, body and expression. Sometimes some very exaggerated and twisted movements, such as slow motion, need to be done by yourself. And these characteristics are fully and properly utilized.

It constitutes the stage beauty of the drama actor's performance.

In the shooting of TV series and movies, cameras and video cameras break through the closed stage and the fixed perspective of the audience, and can shoot actors' performances from all angles. It can not only put the actor in a far background, but also take a close-up of some parts of the actor, such as face, eyes, hands and feet. Because the camera and video camera honestly record everything in front of the camera, it will mercilessly expose flaws, identify the age, and let all false things take in everything in a glance. On the other hand, however, cameras and video cameras can also create scams. For example, you can choose the appropriate orientation and angle to beautify or uglify the people and things being photographed; Using the different characteristics of optical lens

The chemical properties of film emulsion will deform the subject; The normal walking or running of an actor can be changed into fast motion or slow motion after being processed. Therefore, TV actors, like movie actors, should adapt to the unique creative function of the camera, master the special requirements of performing in front of the camera, and create a screen image that meets the aesthetic requirements of TV.

The difference of aesthetic consciousness between TV, film performance and drama performance determines that TV and film actors must learn to cooperate with cameras or cameras. In particular, the documentary characteristics of cameras and video cameras require actors to imitate the natural forms of life and eventually become incarnations. At the same time, we should always consider the camera and its special creative function, adapt to it and use it as much as possible, so that our performance can show a kind of "lens beauty" in screen modeling or screen modeling.

On the other hand, drama, film and television, as comprehensive arts, are necessarily collective creations, which need to be completed in the overall coordinated creation. However, a dramatic actor has a kind of independence and autonomy when performing on the stage. Once a play is rehearsed and put on the stage, the actors perform on the stage completely independently. Film and television actors can't be completely like this. The final completion of TV movie performance is in the editing stage and the audio-visual synthesis stage. In a sense, the shots taken by the actors in the early stage only provide the original material for the creation of the director's screen and screen image. Directors and editors will also process, modify, sublimate and finally create these materials.

Create a complete screen or screen image. Sometimes the scenes that the actors are satisfied with may be cut off, while some scenes that are not very exciting at first are excellent after creative processing and modification by directors and editors. Even in multiple camera, when the TV series is filmed synchronously, the performance of the actors is actually in the hands of the director, and finally it has to be processed and created by the director and the editor. Therefore, in TV performance, actors have to pay attention to the differences between their performances in the comprehensive art of TV and film and the particularity of drama performance creation.

In addition, because the production process of TV and film is obviously different from the creation process of drama, another feature of TV performance and film performance is that TV performance is not as continuous as drama performance in creation. Generally speaking, a dramatic actor performs his roles in chronological order. In drama performance, actors can create their own characters in the order of plot development in more than two hours, and strive to make the development of characters in this order coherent, hierarchical, ups and downs, and harmonious and unified. However, in the film and television performance, due to the limitations of time, place, climate, economic conditions and other factors, shooting can not be carried out in the order of the story. For example, because the scenes of characters are in the same place 50 years ago and 50 years later, they are often scheduled to be filmed at the same time. Although it happened three or two minutes later in the play, it may take some time to shoot because the scene is in a different place. This feature of film and television production will inevitably make the creation of actors unable to continue.

Moreover, this discontinuity is also manifested in the fact that film and television actors must perform in a short and independent time unit, unlike drama performances, which can continuously shape his role within the specified time. In the shooting of TV series, the longest scene or shot is only ten minutes, and the shortest is even tens of seconds. But the shooting time may often take several hours or even days. Before shooting each shot, you should set the plane position and light distribution, and prepare all the technical requirements to ensure the success of shooting before starting shooting. But as soon as the camera is turned on, the actor should be able to enter the role immediately and perform the scene for dozens of seconds or minutes vividly, and it should be appropriate and just right. If there is a technical problem when shooting this shot, the actor needs to shoot this shot again. Sometimes you may have to wait many times before taking the same shot. The intermittence of this kind of shooting requires the actor to be full of improvisation in the performance, to quickly and accurately enter the designated situation of the characters, to grasp the feelings and discretion of the characters, and to make the characters coherent.

In fact, there are no actors who only play drama or film and television now. A really good actor should be able to perform well in drama besides movies and TV series. To do this, he should understand these similarities and differences between drama, film and TV performance, adapt himself to their characteristics and create an accurate, vivid and vivid artistic image.