I want to buy a SLR recently. I am a novice. Please recommend one.

If you want a better lens, buy a big three-yuan lens and put it in place at one time. However, it is expensive, and each shot is more than 10,000 yuan.

The lenses of digital cameras are divided into those of Quan Huafu and those of non-Quan Huafu. If you buy a non-Quan Huafu lens now, you'd better buy a non-Quan Huafu lens, because the lens used in Quan Huafu will have dark corners, which will eat up part of the focal length.

Shoot large-scale scenes such as landscapes and conferences, and use wide-angle lenses. 12-24mm is in the big ternary. The smaller the lens focal length, the wider the focal length.

Generally, taking pictures, regardless of people or scenery, a medium focal length is enough. 24-70mm focal length.

If you want to shoot animals, birds, distant athletes or actors, or even sneak shots of beautiful women on the street, you need a telephoto lens, 70-200mm or more.

There are also fixed-focus lenses, macro lenses and shift-axis lenses.

Lens parameters

Whether it is the lens used by traditional film SLR cameras or the increasingly popular special lens for digital SLR cameras, the text of lens logo basically contains information such as lens attributes, focal length parameters, aperture parameters and characteristics. In detail, the above four points can be summarized as follows:

Lens properties: usually indicate whether the lens is AF mount or EF mount, and usually include some lens type identification;

Focal length parameter: indicates the focal length range of the lens, in mm;

Aperture parameter: indicates the maximum aperture coefficient of the lens, and some lenses also indicate the minimum aperture coefficient of the lens;

Features: It represents the characteristic technology adopted by the lens. This is also the content to be explained later.

This information is usually expressed as "Canon zoom lens EF-S10-22mm1:3.5-4.5USM". According to this information, we can judge the complete parameters of this lens: Canon original EF-S electronic bayonet automatic zoom lens; Focus range 10 -22mm (super wide angle 2 times zoom); The maximum aperture coefficient is 3.5-4.5; USM ultrasonic motor is adopted.

In addition, the version number is also one of the common logo text contents, indicating that the lens is in the same specification, mainly indicating which generation of products it belongs to.

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The first thing people know about different lenses is their focal length. How to distinguish and understand the common range of different focal lengths is the most basic and necessary knowledge.

Jiao Duan introduced:

The focal length of 10mm is an ultra-wide-angle focal length. Mainly used in landscape photography, documentary photography and so on. The angle is very big and has a great influence.

The focal length of about 24mm is a small wide angle, which is mainly used for landscape photography and documentary photography. This focal length is suitable for souvenir photos.

The focal length of about 50mm is the standard focal length, the visual angle is approachable, and the deformation is small. It is mainly used for landscape photography, portrait photography, documentary photography and so on.

The focal length of about 85mm is medium focal length, which is mainly used for taking portraits, still lives and so on.

The focal length of about 200mm is telephoto length, which is often used for snapshots and close-ups.

The focal length of about 500mm is a long focal length, which can be used to shoot birds, that is, birds.

With a telephoto lens of more than 500mm, it is more convenient to shoot birds, and it is also easy to sneak shots in the distance of the playground.

Telephoto and ultra telephoto are often used in sports photography.

Conclusion:

There are usually several data on the lens: focal length (segment) \ aperture \ nearest focal length (PS: many people don't have this parameter now).

For example, a lens parameter is "18-50mm f 2.8-3.5 0.5m-∧". That is to say, the focal length of this lens is 18-50mm, the maximum aperture of the wide-angle end of 18mm is 2.8, the maximum aperture of 50mm is 3.5, and the nearest focus point (wide-angle end) is 0.5 meters. The basic parameters are the same no matter what brand. As for other words, such as usm and macro, please refer to the descriptions of various brands.

Generally speaking, the larger the aperture, the better; Wide angle is more expensive than standard, long focal length is more expensive, and constant aperture is better than non-constant ... In addition, there are many other parameters, such as whether there is a dispersion plate, metal or plastic, whether there is a macro and so on. There are too many influencing factors.

In addition, wide-angle shooting scenery, medium-focus shooting portraits, telephoto shooting birds or sports occasions. This is just the most basic statement.

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In the SLR lens, Canon and Nikon products occupy the majority, and other famous brands such as Pentax, Sigma, Tokina and Tamron also have their own world. The following will systematically introduce the logo meaning of the above brand lens.

Canon: Canon

Al: Aspheric lens. Canon lens marked with the word "AL" is not a spherical lens in design. The purpose of this is to reduce the number of lenses, reduce the weight and volume, and provide better optical performance. Aspheric lenses are generally used to solve the problems of glare and edge deformation in wide-angle and zoom lenses. In addition, the optical quality can also be improved in telephoto lenses. Pentax's lens also uses "AL" to indicate the use of an aspherical lens.

DO: diffractive optics. Canon lens marked with the word "DO" is equipped with multilayer diffractive optical lens, which has the characteristics of fluorite and aspheric lens. Simply understand, this "DO" logo generally belongs to high-end Canon lenses.

EF: electronic bayonet, English full name electronic focusing. This is an electronic autofocus lens specially used by Canon for its EOS series cameras, and it is our common Canon lens. It can be applied to Canon SLR and DSLR in Quan Huafu and APS formats, and its notable feature is that there is a red dot at the interface to align the fuselage card position.

EF-S: Electronic bayonet of digital SLR in APS format. This is an electronic lens specially designed by Canon for its APS digital SLR camera, and it is also our common Canon lens. It can only be applied to Canon DSLR in APS format, and its notable feature is that there is a white square at the interface for aligning the card position of the fuselage.

EMD: electromagnetic diaphragm, which is the full name of electromagnetic diaphragm in English. The lens with this technology can open and close the aperture electronically.

Float: floating function, English full name Floating System. This is a lens design method of Canon. When shooting at close range, the floating lens will compensate for the aberration at close range to obtain better image quality.

FP: focus preset, English full name focus preset. The lens with this logo generally belongs to Canon's high-grade professional lens. The focus preset function allows the lens to remember a certain focal length. After the distance is set, the lens can automatically return to the set focal length. This focus recovery function is effective even in manual focus mode.

FT-M: full-time manual, full-time manual in English. With a full-time manual Canon lens, the focal length of the lens can be manually adjusted in AF (automatic focusing) state.

That is: Image Stabilizer, English full name image stabilizer. This lens is equipped with Canon's unique image stabilizer, which can offset the image blur caused by hand shake in a certain range. This is also one of the common signs of Canon's high-end professional lens.

L: Deluxe, full name in English. It will only appear in Canon's professional lens identification information, which is the symbol of the top Canon civil lens. This kind of lens usually has a red decorative ring at the front end, which is what we often call the "red ring head".

S-UD: S-UD glass, the English full name is super UD glass. This sign indicates that the lens uses S-UD glass lens. The optical performance of S-UD glass is close to that of fluorite, and the function of S-UD lens is equivalent to that of fluorite lens.

Uda: UD glass, English name ud glass. This sign indicates that the lens uses UD glass lenses. The optical properties of UD glass are close to fluorite, and the functions of two UD lenses are equivalent to one fluorite lens.

USM: Ultrasonic motor, English full name is Ultra-Sonic Motor. The lens using USM technology can achieve mute and fast response autofocus. In addition, the lens marked with the word "ultrasonic" also refers to the use of ultrasonic motors.

Example: (I used Canon, so I found a few examples)

EF-S 17-85mm F/4-5.6 is USM.

Among them, EF-S is a lens specially designed for digital SLR frames (commonly known as digital heads). This type of lens cannot be used in full-frame cameras, such as Canon 5D. Suitable for APS-C format models such as 400D and 40D.

17-85mm This is the focal length of the lens, and it is shot in the range of 17mm to 85mm. Generally speaking, the larger the focal length, the wider the shooting range, and one machine can be used for multiple purposes. But the imaging quality is often more general. A good lens design can't give consideration to the imaging optimization of all focal lengths. )

F/4-5.6 This part refers to the maximum aperture range between the nearest focal length and the farthest focal length of this lens. Theoretically, the larger the aperture value, the better, but the higher the cost. (This value is more important in lens selection)

IS has this logo to show that this lens has anti-shake function, which can improve the shooting stability to a certain extent (note that it is only to a certain extent, don't rely too much).

The USM logo shows that this lens is focused by an ultrasonic motor, which is fast and low noise. Generally, new lenses have this index.

Ef17-40mm F/4L USM

EF indicates that this lens is suitable for all Canon cameras.

The index of 17-40MM is obviously smaller than the previous index, but the imaging quality depends on this index.

There is only one 4 in F/4L, which means that the aperture of this lens is unchanged, and the maximum value is 4. Theoretically, the larger the value, the wider the shooting range! Like 2.8. (In addition, the letter L indicates that this lens is made of fluorite glass, and Canon is proud of it! An L is the bull's-eye lens, and there is a red circle in front of the lens, which means that the lens with the red circle and the L logo is a good lens, expensive! )

EF 85MM F/ 1.2L II USM

EF Quan Huafu lens.

85MM means that the lens has only one focal length, not the zoom lens above.

F/ 1.2L Here 1.2 refers to the maximum aperture 1.2 (Canon's best masterpiece), which is advertised as a high-end model in the lens industry. L red circle

II logo This lens is the second generation product with improved performance.

Although this lens is only a focal length range, the price exceeds the sum of the prices of the above two lenses. It can be said that it is the mirror emperor of Canon! ! ! !

Extracurricular question: Please interpret that the complete parameter of EF 24- 105mm f/4L is USM.

Canon EOS camera special;

EF electronic bayonet automatic zoom lens;

The focal length range is 24-105 mm;

Maximum aperture coefficient 4;

Red circle luxury lens;

With image stabilizer;

USM ultrasonic motor is adopted.

Nikon: Nikon

AF: Auto Focus lens, full name of autofocus in English. This lens can achieve autofocus with the body with AF function. For the fuselage compatible with AF and MF (Full Manual Focus) bayonets, the AF lens used on MF fuselage usually loses its autofocus ability. Of course, such logos also appeared in Minolta, Olympus and Pinnacle, expressing the same meaning.

Auto focus: swm motor auto focus. Nikon lens with this logo shows that it uses SWM motor.

ASP: aspheric lens. Nikon's "ASP" and Canon's "AL" express the same meaning, that is, the lens adopts aspherical lens design, which reduces the weight and volume, reduces the number of lenses and provides better optical performance. Aspheric lenses are generally used to solve the problems of glare and edge deformation in wide-angle and zoom lenses, and can also improve the optical quality in telephoto lenses. Similarly, Minolta, Longteng and Sigma also use "ASP" to indicate that their lenses use aspherical lenses.

Close-range correction system. It has the same function as Canon's suspension system.

D: Distance information, English full name distance. Nikon lens with this logo can transmit the shooting distance parameters to the fuselage to realize 3D matrix metering and flash control.

DX: DX series lens. This lens is made by Nikon and used in APS format of DSLR, so it can't be used on Quan Huafu models. In addition, the logo of "IX" is also a lens used by Nikon for its APS format model.

ED: Ultra-low dispersion. Nikon lens with this logo adopts compound achromatic design and special low-dispersion glass lens to reduce chromatic aberration, thus improving the image quality, contrast and definition of telephoto lens. Pentax lenses also use the word "ED" as a symbol of using ultra-low dispersion technology.

IF: internal focusing function. Traditional lenses focus by moving the entire lens system or moving the front lens group. In telephoto and telephoto macro lenses, the lens marked with the word "IF" is focused by moving the lens group inside the lens, which greatly improves the macro ability. The advantage of using internal focusing function is that the actual size of the lens remains unchanged at any focus. The same function as "IF" is the function of "RF" (rear focus). Others that use "IF" or "RF" to indicate the internal focusing function are Sigma, Longteng and Tuli.

M/A: Manual/Auto-focus in English. Nikon lens with this logo has the function of manual/autofocus switching.

NIC: Nikon integrated coating. It said that the lenses of this lens used Nikon's unique coating technology.

SIC: Nikon super comprehensive coating, the English full name of super Nikon comprehensive coating. This is an improved NIC coating technology.

SWM: ultrasonic motor, the English full name is Silent Wave Motor. It is Nikon's unique ultrasonic motor zoom technology, which can realize silent and fast response autofocus.

VR: Vibration Reduction function. This is Nikon's unique lens image stabilizer technology. Like Canon's IS, Nikon lens with "VR" logo can offset the image blur caused by hand shake in a certain range.

Example description:

AF 80-400mm f/4.5-5.6D enhanced VR

Nikon camera autofocus lens; The focal length range is 80-400 mm; The maximum aperture coefficient is 4.5-5.6; It has the function of distance information prediction; Adopt ultra-low dispersion lens; It has vibration damping function.

Pentax: Pentax

SMC: super multilayer coating, English full name is Super Mluti Coating. The lens marked "SMC" means that it adopts Pentax's unique lens coating technology, which helps to improve the image quality.

Example description:

Smc pentax-da 50mm-200mm F4-5.6 version

Auto-focusing lens of ultra-multilayer coated Pentax camera: focal length range 50-200mm；; The maximum aperture coefficient is 4-5.6; An aspherical lens is used.

Smart horse

APO:APO lens, full name of apochromatic in English. With such a logo, this Sigma lens adopts composite dispersion design and special low dispersion glass lens to reduce chromatic aberration, thus improving the image quality, contrast and clarity of telephoto lens.

DF: Double focus. Its full English name is Double Focus. This sigma lens does not rotate when it is autofocused. The damping is moderate when focusing manually, so the grip performance is good.

DG: Special lens for digital SLR, whose English full name is Digital Group. The focal length of this smart lens is suitable for DSLR.

DL: DeLuxe Edition, full English name of Deluxe. Although the price of this smart lens is not too high, it is fully functional. Like other Sigma lenses, it is equipped with a special hood, which has the functions of half aperture, manual aperture setting, depth of field indication, distance indication, infrared correction indication and so on.

EX: excellent edition, English full name Excellence. This kind of lens belongs to Sigma's professional lens, and its characteristic is that the lens barrel is coated with EX and marked with EX.

HF: Spiral focusing, the full name of English is spiral focusing. The front end of this lens does not rotate, and it is convenient to use the customized hood and polarizer. It is a special lens.

HSM: Ultrasonic motor, which is called Hyper Sonic Motor in English. This is Sigma's unique ultrasonic motor zoom/focus technology.

UC: Ultra-compact product, which is called Ultra Compact in English. This smart lens is small in size, light in weight and easy to carry.

Example description:

Sigma10-20mm F4-5.6mm SM DG

Sigma autofocus lens; Focus range10-20mm; The maximum aperture coefficient is 4-5.6; Equipped with ultrasonic motor; It's a digital SLR lens.

seek personal gains

AS: aspheric lens. It is a concept with Canon ASP mentioned above.

AT-X: Advanced lens, English full name Advanced Technology-Xtra. This is a large-caliber professional lens produced by Tuli, which features a red or gold ring at the front end of the lens. High imaging quality is naturally unnecessary.

Pro: Professional lens, English major. This kind of lens can be described as Tully's top grade. It is an AT-X lens with a gold ring in front of it.

SD: ultra-low dispersion lens. Similar to the Nikon "ed" logo mentioned earlier.

Example description:

Togina AT-X DX 12-24 mm F4

Tuli autofocus advanced lens; APS format digital SLR camera special; Focus range12-24 mm; Maximum aperture factor 4.

Tamron: Longteng

AD: abnormal dispersion. Longteng lens with this logo has the function of eliminating dispersion. Mainly used for medium telephoto lenses and some wide-angle zoom lenses.

ASL: aspheric lens. It is a concept with Canon ASP mentioned above.

BBAR: Broadband antireflection multilayer film. This is Longteng's unique lens coating technology.

Di: digital lens, English digital integration. This is a digital camera lens specially prepared by Longteng for DSLR.

LD: Low dispersion lens.

M (short for meter) O.D.: Nearest focal length, which is the minimum object distance in English. Its specific value indicates the closest focusing distance of this Longteng lens.

SP: Super Performance lens, English full name super performance. The lens marked with "SP" indicates that it is a high-performance large-aperture lens of Longteng.

XR: high refractive index glass. The size of Longteng lens using this technology is very small.

Example description:

Tenglong 17-35mm F4.5-5.6Di II

Longteng autofocus lens; Focus range17-35mm; The maximum aperture coefficient is 4.5-5.6; Special for digital SLR cameras; The second generation lens.

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On the lens logos of different brands, we can also see the same information, such as:

CF Micro: Quanhong, whose English name is continue focus micro. This kind of lens can directly focus on the macro shooting state at all focal lengths.

Macro: Macro function. It means that the lens has macro shooting ability, usually reaching the magnification effect of 1:2 or above.

Fisheye: Fisheye lens, which realizes special fisheye distortion effect.

Infra Red, English full name infra red. In infrared photography, the focus baseline mark is engraved on the lens barrel.

SC/MC: single layer/multilayer coating.

Telephoto lens: telephoto lens.

Zoom: Zoom lens.

Finally, the logo words of these lenses are usually printed or etched on the pressure ring at the front end of the lens, and there are also practices of printing corresponding words on the mirror body. Some special lenses will be further marked with the "T-" aperture mark under the "f-" aperture mark, such as Minolta STF 135/2.8[T4.5]. In addition, words like "Distagon" will be added in front of lenses related to the German optical industry that are not often used by junior filmmakers, such as Leica and Zeiss. "