Geographical environment of Aksai Kazak Autonomous County

Aksai county is mountainous, and the main mountains are:

(1) Danghe Mountain is one of the Qilian Mountains. Northwest and southeast. From Aksai County in the west to Maya Snow Mountain in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County in the east. It is about 900 kilometers long and 250-300 kilometers wide. The terrain inclines from west to north and slowly decreases, with the highest elevation of 5327 meters. There are many canyons in the mountains, small basins, rich aquatic plants, good grasslands and many snow-capped mountains, which are the "natural reservoirs" in Hexi Corridor.

(2) Bison Mountain is located in the south of Danghe Mountain. The southern vein of Danghe 'nan Shandong is connected with the northern vein of Bison Mountain Shandong. The elevation of the ridge is generally about 4000 meters, the highest peak is 4904 meters above sea level, and Qinghai Province is connected to the southeast.

(3) Kaketumunke Mountain is located in the middle of Bison Mountain and Toure Kenda Banshan Mountain, with an altitude of 3,592 meters, in the southeast of Jianshe Township.

(4) Seshiteng Mountain is located in the south of Haizi Grassland, and its northern slope is connected with the south bank of Haizi. The altitude of the ridge is generally about 3600 ~ 4000 meters, and the highest peak is 4576 meters above sea level. Shannan is Qinghai Mahai.

(5) Banshan Mountain in Tuer Kenda is located in the southeast of Haizi Grassland. The ridge is about 5000 meters above sea level, and the highest peak is 5280 meters above sea level.

(6) Hongshan, located in the north of Altun Mountain and west of Dobagou, between Dobagou Township and Heping Township. According to relevant historical records, the Han and Tang Dynasties belonged to Xiziting Mountain. Dahong mountain and sea are 2640 meters high and Xiaohong mountain and sea are 2052 meters high. Aksai Kazak Autonomous County is rich in mineral resources, including more than 40 kinds of metallic and nonmetallic minerals such as gold, copper, iron, asbestos, crystal, serpentine, mica and arsenic. In particular, the asbestos reserves are the largest, about 45 million tons, with an annual output of about 200,000 tons, accounting for half of China's asbestos production and sales. Asbestos is a pillar industry in Autonomous County.

The minerals available for development and utilization in Aksai Kazak Autonomous County mainly include fossil copper polymetallic mine, Dahongshan granite decorative stone mine, Annanba asbestos mine, Xiangyang coal mine, Mobar coal mine, yan dan Tu lead-zinc mine, yan dan Tu rare earth mine, Da 'aobaotu dolomite mine, Kushuiquan manganese mine, Hongliugou iron mine and Annanba iron mine. Hongliugou asbestos mine, Changcaogou limestone mine, etc. Judging from the proven mineral resources reserves, the dominant minerals in Aksai County are asbestos, copper, limestone, granite, mirabilite, dolomite, sandstone and clay. The soil in Aksai County is divided into 10 soil types and 14 subcategories. Soil types are mainly aeolian sandy soil, gray-brown desert soil and saline soil, followed by meadow soil, meadow swamp soil, alpine desert soil, alpine grassland soil, subalpine steppe soil soil and coarse bone soil.

The available grassland area in Aksai County is 6.5438+0.48 million mu, and the stocking capacity in normal years is 6.5438+0.89 million sheep units. Aksai county is rich in mineral resources, which is a relatively rich area, and industry occupies a large share in the economy. Since the reform and opening up, Aksai County has continuously adjusted its industrial structure and optimized its economic structure. In particular, at the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the development strategy of accelerating the cultivation of five industrial clusters, focusing on three major industries: comprehensive utilization of resources, modern agriculture and animal husbandry, and national tourism, has achieved a new breakthrough in economic restructuring. The structure of tertiary industry was adjusted from 32.5: 6.5: 6 1 in 1964 to 3.7: 65.3: 3 1 in 20 13, and the internal structure of tertiary industry was gradually optimized.

In 20 13, the gross domestic product of Aksai county reached1308.47 million yuan, which was 374 times higher than that of 3.49 million yuan in 1978, and the per capita gross domestic product increased from 496 yuan in 1978 to 20146577. The fiscal revenue reached179.07 million yuan, 66 times higher than 1978' s 2.68 million yuan; The per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen increased from 279 yuan in 1978 to 20 yuan in13 years, an increase of 62 times; The per capita disposable income of urban residents increased from 7 17 yuan in 1978 to 22,859 yuan in 20 13 years, an increase of 3 1 times. Aksai Kazak Autonomous County is a traditional pure animal husbandry county. Animal husbandry is the basic industry of autonomous county and the pillar industry for farmers and herdsmen to increase their income and get rich. 82% of the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen comes from animal husbandry.

1954 since the county was founded, it has overcome various difficulties and developed the agriculture and animal husbandry economy. Through the integration and optimization of industrial layout, animal husbandry began to change from self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy to commodity economy, from quantitative to quality, from relying on the weather to scientific livestock raising. The agricultural economic structure and economic aggregate have achieved a great leap.

From the early days of the founding of the county to 1978, new changes have taken place in the production relations and management system of agriculture and animal husbandry in Aksai County, realizing the process of agriculture from scratch and stable development of animal husbandry. The total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry increased from 2 million yuan in 1978 to 73.27 million yuan in 20 13, an increase of 35.64 times; The added value of agriculture and animal husbandry increased from10.79 million yuan in 1978 to 47.92 million yuan in 20 13 years, an increase of 25.77 times. 2/kloc-at the beginning of the 20th century, agriculture and animal husbandry aimed at improving efficiency and increasing the income of farmers and herdsmen, and vigorously promoted the comprehensive and coordinated development of agriculture and animal husbandry through strategic measures such as building and upgrading pillar industries, focusing on building characteristic industries and carefully cultivating industries that enrich the people.

With the continuous improvement of the market economic system, Aksai County, guided by the market, actively guided farmers and herdsmen to adjust the industrial structure, focused on developing traditional animal husbandry, and gradually changed to a modern agricultural production pattern that pays equal attention to agriculture and animal husbandry, forming a ternary planting structure of grain, economy and grass. From 20 10 to 20 14, a total investment of 4 1578600 yuan was made to build Hongliuwan modern agricultural science and technology demonstration park, and 26 high-standard Gobi wall-built greenhouses were built. Through the implementation of organic ecological soilless culture technology, vegetable fresh-keeping warehouse, storage cellar, multifunctional management room, trading market and film were built. Agricultural production will gradually change from a single industry to supplement animal husbandry and promote agriculture with animal husbandry to a modern agriculture with high efficiency and characteristics, completely changing the long-term history of importing local vegetables from outside and filling the gap in agricultural production. By the end of 20 13, the sown area of crops reached 8299 mu, and the ratio of grain to grass was adjusted to 16: 28: 56, and the planting industry changed from grain to economy.

From 2007 to 20 14, the accumulated investment was 1 25.65 million yuan, and two protected farming communities,1farms, 72 high-standard greenhouses and 82 protected farmers were built, which significantly improved the comprehensive benefits of agricultural production and gradually accelerated the pace of building a new socialist countryside and new pastoral areas.

In 2008, Autonomous County was designated as a pilot project for the construction of new rural and pastoral areas. According to the model of "one heart and two points", we will establish 1 central community gathering point and two general gathering points in two villages, and merge 16 natural villages in stages, so that scattered farmers and herdsmen will gradually gather in farming and pastoral villages, so as to achieve intensive grassland management, village segmentation and farmland slicing.

Since the 20th century, Aksai County has cultivated and developed nine cooperative organizations, including Hollers Breeding Cooperative, He Zhongjiake Agricultural Machinery Farmers Cooperative and Damu Vegetable Farmers Cooperative. The production and operation pattern of "company+farmers" has taken shape initially, and large-scale leading enterprises in agriculture and animal husbandry have appeared initially. Through the implementation of mechanization promotion of agriculture and animal husbandry and socialized service of livestock improvement, the large-scale operation and intensive development of animal husbandry were actively promoted, which laid the foundation for increasing the efficiency of agriculture and animal husbandry and increasing the income of farmers and herdsmen.

Since the 20th century, animal husbandry in Aksai County has changed from simple quantitative development to equal emphasis on quantity and quality. By introducing excellent breeds such as cattle and sheep, the feeding mode has also changed from the traditional extensive free-range mode to intensive facility farming. Since the establishment of Aksai Breeding Center in 2000, 765,438+030 high-quality livestock breeds, such as Xinjiang Bodde, Dorset, Kazak big-tailed sheep and Liaoning Gaixian cashmere goat, have been introduced successively, and ecological local livestock breeds have been developed. In 2065,438+04, the coverage rate of improved sheep reached over 965,438+0%. As early as 1957, Aksai county timber factory was established, and a small thermal power station was also built. Later, Xiangyang Coal Mine in Aksai County was built, which initially laid the foundation for industrial development in the autonomous county.

Since 1978, state-owned asbestos mines and repair shops in Aksai County have become pillar enterprises in industry. With the rapid growth of county agricultural repair plants, county asbestos mines, county power supply stations, construction and installation companies and township industrial enterprises, large enterprises such as Saibao Packaging Company, Shenwei Chemical Company, 10,000-ton asbestos concentrator, asbestos equipment manufacturing and asbestos market were successfully born in the tide of market economy, which enhanced the stamina of industrial economic development.

With the acceleration of reform and opening up, Axe County Industrial Park was officially put into operation on 1999. After 10 years' development, it has grown into a window for opening to the outside world and a platform for attracting investment, forming "the first district (provincial circular economy pilot park) and the third park (axe circular economy industrial park, axe wind power industrial park and axe photoelectric industrial park)". Aksai Industrial Park covers an area of 26.82 square kilometers, with a planned construction area of 6.2 square kilometers. Since the 20th century, 6,543.8+200,000 tons of water-selected modified mineral fiber production line, 6,543.8+200,000 tons of expanded explosives production line, 3 million tons of hemp plastic packaging bag production line, 6,543.8+200,000 tons of cement grinding production line, 6,543.8+200,000 tons of dry cement production line, 6,543.8+0,000 tons of refined alkali sulfide production line and 4,543.8 tons of refined alkali sulfide production line have been built successively.

Since the establishment of Aksai Industrial Park, there are 60 industrial enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in the park, including 4 asbestos mining enterprises/KLOC-0, 30 enterprises entering the park, 3 medical and communication industries, and 3 individual industrial and commercial service industries/KLOC-0, with more than 4,000 employees (including Hongliugou asbestos mining area). The investment in fixed assets in the park increased from more than 70 million yuan at the time of its establishment to 340 million yuan in 20 14, a year-on-year increase of 385%; The total industrial output value increased from 720 million yuan at the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan to1.1.70 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 62.5%. The industrial added value was 220 million yuan, with an added value of 607 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 175%.

In the 265438+20th century, it is planned to implement 19 new, continued, renovated and expanded industrial projects, and the investment in industrial fixed assets will be 4.57 billion yuan, up 52% year-on-year. Among them, there are 8 non-energy industrial projects 1 1 and energy projects, which laid the foundation for the smooth implementation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

In 2 1 century, Aksai county took "strengthening the county by industry" as the primary strategy to develop the county economy, took industrial transformation and development as the goal, and closely revolved around the "334 1" project and central work. The industrial economy achieved rapid development, the economic strength was obviously enhanced, the industrial agglomeration effect of industrial parks became increasingly prominent, and the vitality of economic development continued to increase. It has formed an industrial development model integrating asbestos mining and processing, mining machinery, chemicals, packaging materials, non-metallic mineral research and development, and catering services. It has become a strong support for rapid economic development. 1987, Aksai county established a provincial nature reserve for natural lakes and migratory birds, with an area of 1 19.6 square kilometers, that is, large and small Sugan lakes; In 2006, the State Council approved the establishment of a wild camel nature reserve covering an area of 396,000 hectares. By establishing nature reserves, the balanced development of ecological resources has been effectively maintained.

During the period of 1999, in order to further improve the ecological environment in pastoral areas, rationally develop grassland resources, and achieve sustainable and stable development, the county adopted both ecological and natural restoration and manual measures, and successively implemented the construction of a pastoral development demonstration county and the comprehensive management project of grassland "three modernizations" in Haizi area of Aleteng Township, with 4360 mu of artificial grassland, 247,000 mu of improved grassland, 28.4 km of human-animal diversion channel and 57.5 mu of comprehensive grassland management.

Since the implementation of the project of returning grazing to grassland in 2003 to 20 13 years, the accumulated investment is 232 million yuan, the fence is built120,000 mu, the replanting is improved by 760,000 mu, and the artificial forage base is built10,000 mu. Since the implementation of these projects, the ecological environment of the county has been improved to a certain extent, and the quality of life of farmers and herdsmen has been greatly improved.

From 20 1 1 to 20 14, a total of 87.09 million yuan was distributed to 1046 households and 3,022 households, and the grazing area was determined to be 4.8 million mu, the balance between grass and livestock was 9.9929 million mu, and the forage seed subsidy was 29,000 mu.

In 20 14 years, the urban green area has reached 534,400 square meters, 405,000 garden trees have been planted, and the per capita public green area is 4 1.8 square meters, and the urban green coverage rate has reached 49.6%. It became the first "National Garden County" in Gansu Province in the acceptance of the National Garden County.

By the end of 20 14, it had received a total of 506,700 tourists and realized a tourism income of 288.6 million yuan, which made the tourism industry gradually develop from the previous marginal economy to the leading economy.