Historical legends of Chengzi village

However, in Chengzi Village where ethnic minorities are so concentrated and remote, why is there such a combination? After several in-depth investigations with Yang Yongming, the answer gradually became clear.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial court generally changed local officials (mostly ethnic minorities) into floating officials (mostly Han Chinese), so that the upper level was ruled by Han Chinese; After the reform, the government moved in a large number of immigrants, mostly Han Chinese, so there were Han Chinese factors at all levels. According to the records of Luxi County, Chengzi Village was inhabited by Yi people in ancient times, but today most of the Yi people in Yongning Township migrated from Jinsha River basin. After the Han people move in, they will have various contacts and run-in with the local Yi people, and the final result, in the most superficial expression, is this kind of earthen palm house combining Han and Yi people.

But why is there such a large scale? Now there is still a moat outside Chengzi Village, and the shape planning is completely the pattern of the castle. As you can imagine, it must have been a very brilliant government city before. And today it is only a township, which is related to the local officials at that time.

During Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, the price of Tusi Mansion (now Luxi) in Guangxi was expensive, so the Tusi Yamen was built here and changed to Yong 'an Mansion (formerly known as Chengzi Village). The arrival of expensive toast made Chengzi Village develop rapidly and soon became the political, economic and cultural center of southern Yunnan. It was immediately upgraded from a small village to a city with more than 65,438+0,200 households, and the buildings also developed on a large scale. The city is built on the mountain, with walls, gates and castles, becoming a well-known castle, with towering castles and neat gates.

Unfortunately, it didn't last long, and it was expensive. Because of arrogance and immorality, he was reported to Beijing. In the seventeenth year of Chenghua, the imperial court committed suicide by adding soldiers, and most of the houses in Fucheng were burned down, leaving only the front hall of Tufu yamen. After the death of Zigui, many indigenous Yi people fled to other places, and the government moved in a large number of immigrants and stationed troops. Military facilities, such as watchtowers and forts, have been set up here, so that the housing construction in Chengzi Village has formed the best housing structure that can not only adapt to people's living, but also resist foreign invasion. For hundreds of years, although foreign enemies invaded many times, Chengzi Village has never been breached.

These glorious histories are closely related to another big background. After years of research, Yang Yongming discovered a fact that shocked the whole country: Chengzi Village is a very famous site in Zi Qi, an ancient Dian country. The records of Qi are full of clean feathers such as caravan, Silk Road, openness and brilliance. However, soon, Mongolia's iron hoof entered Yunnan. Although Qi fought bloody battles with the Mongolian army for six years, it was finally defeated and Zi Qi surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty.

People's memory of it, together with its glorious history, has passed away. This ancient village with a history of thousands of years has been spent in obscurity in the mountains for generations. The "Chengzi Village" that replaced the "white spoon" was almost forgotten.

The value of Yongning Chengzi Village in Luxi;

Luxi Yongningchengzi Village

Yongning Chengzi Village in Luxi is located in Yongning Township, luxi county, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, 25 kilometers away from Luxi County. In the whole village, there are actually more than 600 groups of ancient houses and warehouses 300 years ago.

The flat-topped earth warehouses in Chengzi Village, Yongning Township, luxi county City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province are stacked layer by layer, concentrated and contiguous, beautiful and spectacular. When you are new here, you must think that this is not a village, but an ancient and mysterious earthen castle. The ancient village is located on the hillside of Feng Fei more than 200 meters high, with Longpan Mountain in the east, Yuping Mountain and Bijia Mountain in the west, Furong Mountain (also known as Murong Mountain) in the north and Jinding Mountain in the back. The mountains here are steep and towering, winding and hovering, and their beauty is as good as its name, intoxicating and amazing. The central part of Fengfei Mountain rises like the wind, and Sun Mountain and Taiyin Mountain (also known as Crescent Mountain) guard the surrounding areas, with steep terrain. Once upon a time, there was a hermit named Fei Fengshan who wrote a poem on the wall of Guan Sheng Palace: Where is Qishan now? Oh, it's sound, four-spirit bird dance, colorful Zi Long cross; On the bathing day, Ling Hanyun, the clear spring and the jade screen, the bells and drums of Danshan rang, and all countries praised Xianheng. This poem describes the situation of Chengzi Village and the happiness of seclusion here. The earth warehouse is built on the mountain, flat-topped, connected left and right, and connected up and down.

The roofs of 24 households in Chengzi village are connected together, almost at the same level; The most distinctive thing is that the roof of the house next door is the courtyard of the house next door, which goes up layer by layer to the top of the mountain. The most stacked are 17 sets, generally more than ten sets. From a distance, the earth warehouse community in the ancient village is like a neatly stacked hive, with huge steps; It is like a clever terrace and a quaint Potala Palace. After you marvel, you can't help thinking: What makes this ancient earth warehouse community so well preserved? After reading it, you will surely ponder: What kind of humanistic connotation does this residential building embody or contribute?

The Value of Chengzi Village in Yongning, Luxi;

Chengzi Village is the largest earth warehouse. The gate is octagonal cornice, with wood structure, extraordinary workmanship, fine carving and meticulous structure. Inside is a quadrangle structure with three main floors and left and right wings. There are dragons and phoenixes carved on the stigma, lintels, windows and even the pillars, which is very Han architectural style. It can be said to be a specimen or fossil of a building. And there are many houses of this style and structure in the village. Chengzi earth warehouse can be said to be a perfect combination of Yi and Han styles: the appearance is Yi, but the layer structure and internal structure are Han. This style marks the national and cultural integration brought about by the policy of improving land and setting rivers in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the crystallization of the perfect integration of architectural art of Yi and Han nationalities.

According to Luxi County Records, most Yi people living in Yongning Township migrated from Jinsha River valley. Chengzi Village was a inhabited area of Yi people in ancient times, which can be explained from the architectural style of Yi people. Therefore, Chengzi's earliest earth warehouse was undoubtedly built by Yi ancestors. Only later, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Han nationality in the north either fled from the disaster of war, or moved in another place, or was a military camp system, or even flooded in. The great integration of the Yi and Han nationalities has led to the emergence of the Yi-Han style of perfect combination of city, soil and warehouse. This is an important value of the architectural art of Chengzi ancient village, which is incomparable to other Yi folk houses.

The Military Offensive and Defensive Value of Chengzi Village in Yongning, Luxi;

Chengzi's earth warehouse community also embodies the important value of military offensive and defensive in history. In other words, such a building was built to resist foreign invasion. Yongning river gurgling, how much war smoke has passed! Nowadays, if you walk into a farmhouse casually, you can see a similar situation: on both sides of the gate are pigsty, cowshed and small house with debris piled up, from the middle stone steps up, into the main room and then upstairs, and then through the small door upstairs to the roof. Because many people's roofs are platforms (yards) in front of the upper family, it is easy to enter another family. In addition, the left and right roofs are often connected together, or connected by stairs. You can enter another family from the yard platform until the village is completely connected. This is a winding path, just like a maze. If we don't delve into it, it's hard to know the mystery. The construction of this strange residential area is due to the terrain first. Feng Fei is only over 200 meters high and covers an area of about 0.5 square kilometers. In such a small place, hundreds of families can only live in the mountains, making full use of and creating space. But why are so many people crowded here to build houses? Is this really the legendary land of geomantic omen? In fact, the building community of the earth warehouse is the final result of historical change, defense and attack. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, Guangxi Tusi Prefecture (now Luxi, Guangxi) built Tusi Yamen here and changed it to Yong 'an Prefecture (formerly known as Cheng Zi). The number of households has risen sharply from dozens to more than 1 200, which makes the buildings here advance by leaps and bounds and reach the peak, forming the pattern of luxury city. Fucheng is surrounded by mountains and earth walls, with a moat in the north and a Drum Tower on the river. There are gates in the east, west and south, and the towers are majestic. Become a famous big city in Guangxi. Tusi yamen was built on the top of Feng Fei, with a back yamen, a lobby, a nave, a front hall, a red building with blue tiles and carved beams and painted buildings. On the right side of the mansion is the official residence, and on the left is the axis of Xuanwei's envoy (in fact, it is your military head yamen of the local magistrate). There are large and small camps (your garrison) in front of the government office, forming a trumpet. There is also a famous Jiangxi street halfway up the mountain on the west side of Yamen (it is said that Jiangxi people come here to sell cloth and knitwear). Most of the houses built on both sides of the street are tile houses with civil structures, and there are also a few two-story earth warehouses.

Most people live in earth warehouses and a few stacked earth buildings (holes are made in the middle of the columns, two boards are worn through, the building is rather dull, and the earth cover is a double-layer earth building). There are also a few bamboo buildings covered with bamboo and wooden buildings covered with boards. Some wealthy households have built quadrangles with complete principal rooms, wing rooms and halls, which have a certain scale. At this time, the residential buildings have stone foundations and column feet, on which dragons and phoenixes are carved, and the patterns are Eight Immortals, Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Dayu Water Control and so on. And all kinds of exotic flowers and grasses carved with great care. After all, your toast is rich and powerful and has seen the world. With his arrival, the architecture of Chengzi Village has been integrated into the Han style on the basis of the Yi earthen houses. In this way, under the expensive management, Yongan House has become one of the political, economic and cultural centers in southern Yunnan, and it is very prosperous. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. According to "Guangxi Fuzhi", it was expensive to transport it, killing innocent people ... The victims gathered for litigation, covering up the rest of the road, and the pain and anger hit the bone marrow ... Later, the Guangxi government took care of Zhao Tong and sent Zhao Qiong to Beijing to report. In the seventeenth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court committed suicide by adding crimes to soldiers, calling for disasters, and being defeated by soldiers. Because of the military disaster, most of the tile houses in Fucheng were burned down, leaving only the front hall of Tufu yamen (changed to Ai 'an Temple in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty). Many indigenous Yi people fled from other places, and Yong 'an City was once almost empty. After several generations, there were not many tile houses in the period of the local government. On the contrary, the earth warehouse has been preserved and developed because of its advantages in building and fire prevention. For example, during the Tubo period, there were nearly 40 houses in Dayingpan, Xiaolongshu (it is said that a chestnut tree built 24 bungalows) and the earth barn in the toast stable above Xiaoyingpan, which still exists today and has a history of more than 500 years. After your death, under the arrangement of the government, a large number of immigrants moved in, forming a pattern of coexistence of Han, Yi and Han. Han soldiers stationed, barracks and checkpoints. After many constructions, the city whistle with one palace (Guan Sheng Palace), two towers (forts), three battalions, four bridges, six gates and eight towers was finally formed. Built in the Qing Dynasty, urban architecture has been greatly improved. Ancient villages and towns, Qingming architecture, leaving more. About 70% of the buildings in Feifengshan are stacked houses, most of which are quadrangle earth warehouses with a history of more than 300 years. The most valuable thing is the General Dike, a typical quadrangle compound. Magnificent, the art of sculpture is breathtaking. In the war-torn era, safeguarding the safety of stockade has become the top priority of village leaders, and earth warehouse buildings are being widely built to meet this need. For more than 300 years, there have been many wars of foreign invasion in Chengzi Village, but the stockade has never been broken or burned. Such as Red and White Flag, Zhao Guangting Rebellion, Luo Si, a bandit in Qiubei, and Wu Luo's mob crime. Although Chengzi village was attacked for several days in a row, none of the villagers were injured, but the invading enemy suffered heavy casualties and eventually collapsed. It is no wonder that today's tourists and experts, after seeing the construction of the ancient village's earthen warehouse community, still can't help but sigh: if the villagers are invaded by foreign enemies, they can attack and defend, advance and retreat, and find their way to the right and left, like a duck to water! Today, Yongning Chengzi Village is a photography paradise for photographers. Chengzi Village has become a new landscape of photography tourism in Yunnan.