Stories about scientists

(78~ 139)

Scientists, astronomers and philosophers in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The word Ping Zi. He was born in Xi 'e, Nanyang, Henan (now Shiqiao, nanzhao county, Henan). Go less to Xijing Chang 'an, less to Tokyo Luoyang, "learn the Five Classics" and "master the Six Arts". In the fifth year of Yongchun (1 1 1), a doctor was recruited. From the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1 15) to the beginning of Yongjian, there were two Taishi orders. Proficient in astronomy and calendar calculation, on the basis of previous studies, he invented the world's earliest hydraulic rotary armillary sphere and seismograph for measuring earthquakes. In astronomical theory, Zhang Heng is the main representative of Huntian School. As for the origin of heaven and earth, he thinks that before heaven and earth were divided, it was chaos. After the division, the light ones ascend to heaven, while the heavy ones condense into earth, and the yin and yang sway to produce everything. He also correctly explained the cause of the eclipse for the first time, thinking that moonlight is the reflection of the sun's light, and the eclipse is caused by the moon entering the shadow of the earth. He affirmed the materiality and infinity of the universe according to his astronomical knowledge at that time. Zhang Heng pushed China's ancient natural science and philosophy to a new height, and his works were included in The Whole History of Ancient Three Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, Six Dynasties, Qin and Han Dynasties edited by Qing Yan Ke Jun.

Qian Weichang

According to the following

Qian Weichang is an internationally renowned scientist and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Yan Weichang liked liberal arts very much in middle school, but he was afraid of science, especially math and physics. Interestingly, he mainly engaged in the research and teaching of mechanics and applied mathematics all his life, and made many pioneering contributions in these academic fields. He applied tensor analysis and differential geometry to the study of elastic plates and shells for the first time, established a unified theory of thin plates and shells, and put forward a set of nonlinear differential equations of linear shell theory, which is called "Qian Weichang equation" internationally. He also successfully used the system perturbation method to deal with nonlinear equations for the first time, which is still used to deal with this kind of problems internationally.

Qian Weichang's great achievement stems from his love for the motherland and his belief in "saving the country through science". When he was admitted to college, Qian Weichang's compositions and historical papers won the appreciation of professors in history department and Chinese department, but his total scores in mathematics, physics and chemistry were less than 100. So it is difficult to abandon literary theory. At that time, the head of the Department of Physics in Tsinghua University was Professor Wu, a famous physicist. Professor Wu also urged Qian Weichang to study Chinese or history, and told him that China literature and history were also needed by the country. Giving up literary theory is Qian Weichang's wish after repeated thinking, and he will not change it easily. After more than a week of earnest heart-to-heart, Professor Wu agreed that he would study physics for the time being, but for Qian Weichang, whose science foundation in middle school is not very good, it can be said that it is a very harsh condition: he must ensure that his score in physics and calculus is above 70 at the end of the semester, take chemistry as an elective course and strengthen physical exercise. This means that Qian Weichang, who was exhausted at that time, had two afternoons of physics experiments and two afternoons of chemistry experiments every week, as well as extracurricular exercises. Qian Weichang must redouble his efforts to overcome difficulties and meet these requirements, otherwise, he will have to change his department.

This semester, in addition to studying regular classes and doing experiments, I have to make up English and some basic mathematics in middle schools. He often studies hard day and night. Professor Wu also gave him a lot of guidance. Where there is a will, there is a way. Qian Weichang passed the physics exam in the first semester, and by the end of the school year, his scores in all subjects had reached more than 70 points, which guaranteed him a guarantee when he entered school. Four years later, Qian Weichang graduated with honors from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University, and then went to study in the United States. It is the ideal of saving the country by science that inspires him to achieve one major scientific achievement after another.

A brief introduction to the deeds of young scientist qi zhou

-

Male, 37 years old, party member, Ph.D., researcher of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director of State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology.

Qi zhou has been engaged in the research of cloning technology for a long time, and many achievements have been published in world-famous academic journals such as Science, Development, Stem Cells, Developmental Biology, Reproductive Biology and Human Reproduction. She also became the first China scientist to win the genOway Prize for international transgenic research, and made a breakthrough in the field of animal cloning and embryonic stem cell research in China.

He has successively conducted postdoctoral research in China Academy of Sciences and French National Agricultural Research Center. 1999, mice were successfully cloned from somatic cells for the first time, which was praised as "one of the most important achievements in this field so far" by Dr. Wilmut, the "father of Dolly Sheep". In May 2000, a team of Chinese and French scientists headed by him cooperated to cultivate the first "embryonic stem cell cloned mouse"; From June 5438 to October 2000 10, the world's first cloned cell cow "Zhouranna" was successfully bred without using Dolly technology with independent intellectual property rights. In August, 200 1 year, the world's first metaphase somatic cloned cow "Olympic 2008" was bred by using cell cycle synchronization technology. At the end of 2002, qi zhou invented a patented technology that can accurately control the spontaneous activation of mouse eggs, and cultivated cloned mice for the first time, which won the genOway Award for the third international transgenic research.

At the end of 2002, qi zhou gave up the excellent foreign scientific research and living conditions and returned to China, established laboratories and research networks, devoted himself to the research of cloning and therapeutic cloning, and promoted the transformation of basic research into clinical application. At present, animal models of various human diseases such as mice, cows, rats and ferrets have been established, and more than 70 mouse embryonic stem cell lines have been established from therapeutic cloning, human embryonic stem cell lines and human parthenogenetic stem cell lines have been established, and four somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies have been improved and invented. He advocated and promoted international scientific research cooperation, actively put forward suggestions on national science and technology policy and management, and was hired as a consultant of the "overseas expert advisory group" of the Ministry of Science and Technology.

Deng Jiaxian

He is mainly engaged in nuclear physics, theoretical physics, neutron physics, plasma physics, statistical physics and fluid mechanics, and has made outstanding achievements. Since 1958, he has organized and led the basic theoretical research on detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state, neutron transport and so on. And made a lot of simulation calculation and analysis on the physical process of the atomic bomb, thus taking the first step of China's independent research and design of nuclear weapons, leading to the completion of the theoretical scheme of China's first atomic bomb, and taking part in guiding the initiation simulation test before the nuclear test. Immediately after the success of the atomic bomb test, we organized forces to explore the design principle of the hydrogen bomb, chose technical approaches, organized leaders and personally participated in the development and test of the first hydrogen bomb in China in 1967. From 65438 to 0979, Deng Jiaxian was the director of the Institute of Nuclear Weapons. 1984, China successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons test in the deep desert. The next year, his cancer spread beyond saving, and his request on National Day was to visit Tiananmen Square. On July 6th, 1986, Li Peng, then Vice Premier of the State Council, went to the hospital to award him the National May 1st Labor Medal. 1July 29th, 986, Deng Jiaxian died. Later it was called "two bombs and one satellite"

Zu Chongzhi (429-500), a native of Wen Yuan, was an outstanding mathematician, astronomer and mechanical manufacturer in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

In astronomy, Zu Chongzhi created a famous new calendar in the history of China-Daming Calendar. In Da Liming, he quoted precession for the first time, which was a major reform in the calendar history of our country. He also adopted the new leap week of 39 1 144 leap month, which is more accurate than the leap week of 7 leap months invented in ancient times. The regression year and intersection days calculated by Zu Chongzhi are very close to the observed values. Mathematically speaking, the true value of pi calculated by Zu Chongzhi should be between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927, which is more than a thousand years earlier than that in Europe.

In terms of machinery manufacturing, we have made a copper compass car, a water hammer mill that uses hydraulic rice milling to grind the surface, a "thousand-mile boat" that can travel hundreds of miles a day, a leaky kettle, scorpions and other timing instruments.

To commemorate Zu Chongzhi's achievements, people named the crater on the back of the moon "Zu Chongzhi Crater" and the asteroid 1888 "Zu Chongzhi Asteroid".