How to implement aesthetic principles in art appreciation class

How to implement aesthetic principles in art appreciation class

Art class in senior high school is the main course of aesthetic education for middle school students. It occupies a very important position in ordinary middle school teaching and plays an irreplaceable role in aesthetic education: that is, through aesthetic education, students' ability to feel beauty, appreciate beauty and create art can be improved, and students can form good ideological and moral character and be promoted.

The development of intelligence. Art teaching in middle schools should combine the characteristics of art teaching, carefully follow the principles of art teaching, and choose and apply corresponding teaching methods.

First, strictly follow the principle of art teaching.

Art is a kind of choice art, also called visual art, which is intuitive and concrete, and its image performance is static and correct.

Materials have special dependence, which determines the characteristics of art teaching. Such as the intuition of teaching, the autonomy of thinking in images and the practicality of skill teaching.

The particularity of sex and creative thinking, and the contradiction between individual operation and collective teaching requirements. Art teaching in middle school is to determine the teaching principles that conform to its own laws according to its own characteristics.

China's ancient teaching principles are extremely rich, such as "never tire of learning, never tire of teaching" and "always learn" put forward by Confucius.

"review the past and learn the new", "don't be angry, don't worry, don't send"; Zhu's "Step by Step" and "Read and Think". Modern science has been put forward again.

The principle of unity of sex and ideology, the principle of integrating theory with practice, the principle of systematicness, the principle of ability and so on. Of course, it can be applied to middle school beauty.

Art education, but art teaching has its own characteristics and particularity different from other disciplines, and teaching has its own principles. middle

The teaching principle of learning art class is put forward according to the teaching policy, teaching purpose and task, and students' understanding of art in the teaching process.

It is a summary of practical experience in art teaching and a general law guiding art teaching activities in middle schools. Seriously implement these art teaching principles and correctly handle teaching.

Various contradictions in the learning process create conditions for the transformation of contradictions and are the main guarantee for improving teaching quality.

What are the main principles of art teaching in middle schools and what are the requirements for following these principles? The author thinks as follows:

(1) aesthetic principle. 1989 the national master plan for school art education promulgated by the central government clearly stipulates: "art education in middle schools.

The main task is to carry out aesthetic education for students and improve their aesthetic and cultural quality. "Again, it is required to improve students' aesthetic ability as the main line."

Run through art teaching activities. It can be seen that aesthetic education is the primary task of art teaching in middle schools, and it plays a role in determining the educational nature of this subject.

To implement aesthetic principles, we should:

(1) regards aesthetic education as a main thread that runs through the whole process of art education, that is, teachers are required to prepare lessons, attend classes, correct and assist in homework.

In guiding extracurricular art activities and teaching summary, we should pay attention to imparting aesthetic knowledge to students, establish correct aesthetic concepts, and cultivate students' ability to know beauty, create beauty and apply beauty.

(2) Combine aesthetic education with ideological education, knowledge imparting and skill training, and give full play to the role of art teaching in cultivating aesthetic thoughts and feelings.

The special role in cultivating noble moral quality. Engels said: "Aesthetic education is aesthetic education"; Cai Yuanpei said: aesthetic education, "can be used."

It cultivates people's feelings, cultivates noble personality and makes it a great behavior "; Kant also said: "Beauty is a symbol of morality".

Aesthetic education is not only a principle that must be followed to improve students' aesthetic cultural quality, but also an important way to improve socialist citizens' aesthetic cultural quality, which should be paid attention to by the whole society.

(2) the principle of intuition. The first requirement in art teaching is based on real life, while aesthetic problems and skill problems are often difficult to apply.

Language expression is clear, that is to say, only through intuitive teaching can students be guided to observe and perceive objective phenomena deeply, so as to understand the world vividly. Be as sure as possible

The basic elements of art-modeling, proportion, structure, space, light and shade, color, pen and ink, lines, etc. , you can get a clearer concept.

This requires teachers to implement the principle of intuition and should try their best to:

(1) The language should be vivid, clear and concise.

(2) Try to use a variety of intuitive teaching methods. Such as object intuition, model intuition, demonstration intuition, etc. And can grasp the key and show it in time.

(3) Teach students to master the correct method of perceiving objects and cultivate their artistic perception ability.

(3) The heuristic principle. Teaching and learning are a pair of basic contradictions in the teaching process, and teaching is the dominant aspect of contradictions. Teachers must inspire students to accumulate.

Try your best to arouse their learning consciousness and enthusiasm. Cramming teaching can't achieve the effect of art teaching.

In order to implement the heuristic principle, teachers must:

(1) Teachers must have students in mind. How many students are there in the class, what is their interest in art class, what is their knowledge and level, and what they know like the back of their hand, so as to have a clear goal in teaching.

(2) Inspire students' thinking to be oriented, and the questions raised before and after should be coherent and can only be carried out around the theme, otherwise they will be rambling and unable to clean up.

(3) Do not stick to the rules. That is to say, there should be more ways and forms of asking questions, so as to broaden students' thinking.

(4) Principles of good practice. Art teaching in middle schools is mostly technical, and the skill itself lies in more practice, but so does every class.

There are only 45 minutes, so try to spare time for students to practice, otherwise the teaching task will not be completed. "Intensive reading" means asking teachers to do well.

In the case of full preparation, talk less with high quality, make clear the truth used, make clear the key and difficult points, and make the requirements of methods and steps accurate.

In order to achieve the purpose of guiding "good practice". "Good practice" means that under the guidance of correct theory, there are clear training objectives, strict training plans, methods and steps, and the prescribed learning content is completed with good quality and quantity.

In order to implement the principle of strengthening teaching and good practice, it is necessary to:

(1) Make clear the relationship between theory and its guiding practice, and never speak for the sake of speaking, let alone speak something irrelevant to practice.

(2) Speaking well and practicing well is the key. The content of the lecture is to solve students' cognitive problems, arouse students' enthusiasm for learning and guide them.

Students should practice more seriously and work hard, so that the methods and steps of practice are correct and the purpose of "good practice" can be achieved. Therefore, for "saying", first, it requires refinement, generalization and conciseness; Second, we should have insight and regular knowledge.

(3) To ensure that students give full play to the leading role of teachers in practice, it is necessary to do a good job of counseling, that is, put forward teaching requirements in students' practice.

Teachers patrol carefully to see if students really understand what they have learned and can apply it to guide practice; Do you know the purpose, requirements and drawings of the training?

The steps of this method: whether the students' methods of observing and understanding things are reasonable; Whether the tool materials are mastered and used properly, etc. And can be assisted, affirmed or corrected in time.

(5) The principle of "from point to area, facing all". The current class teaching organization in China is basically based on age, because

Students' source of students, living conditions, social environment, hobbies and even artistic talent differences cause uneven levels.

It must exist, and the teaching activities are collective, based on the unified requirements of teaching materials, which leads to the unified requirements and level reference.

Inconsistent contradictions. However, our social system determines that our teaching must meet the needs of all people. The only way is to meet the requirements and improve at different basic points.

To implement this principle, teachers should do well:

(1) is good at choosing typical examples. In the last class, there are many students and the class hours are short. Everyone can't enjoy the teacher's guidance, so they must make a choice.

Choose typical examples to inspire everyone. Choose the best as an example to inspire everyone to learn. If you have shortcomings, you can make them more complete through counseling, or you can give them.

It increases the weight of learning and puts forward higher requirements; Those who choose poor students should point out their shortcomings and correct them through counseling. First, they are doing the transformation of poor students to keep up with the trip. Second, they should encourage everyone to correct their shortcomings and learn from them.

(2) Pay attention to the pertinence of counseling. After the patrol inspection, the teacher basically grasped the overall situation and had a good understanding of the purpose, methods and steps of the exercise.

The sudden situation and requirements have been mastered. At this time, you can choose the counseling object in a targeted manner, or those who don't know the training purpose, or the other party.

If the methods and steps are not mastered correctly, or if they are not done according to the requirements, they can all achieve the goal of inspiring the majority and facing the whole.

(6) the principle of creativity. Creativity is a distinctive feature of fine arts, which plays a special role in cultivating students' creative ability. create

Sexual ability is the most important symbol to measure a person's ability and the most important factor in his intellectual structure. Cultivating students' creativity is to develop science.

The important content of intelligence is also the need of the times and real social life, which can not be ignored. Art teaching has a special position in this respect.

In order to implement the principle of creativity, teachers should:

(1) A correct understanding of art teaching is an important part of cultivating all-round innovative talents and basic education. The all-round development of students needs the improvement of aesthetic and cultural literacy, which is inseparable from art education; Social production technology is also inseparable from art.

(2) To cultivate creative talents, we need to start with creative learning. From the physiological and psychological point of view, students need constant logical thinking ability.

Development also needs the continuous improvement of thinking ability in images; People's intelligence must be cultivated from an early age, which requires education, including aesthetics.

In cultural education, teachers should not only respect students' creative personality, but also consciously cultivate students' creative ability.

The above principles of art teaching in middle schools are different from each other, but they are interrelated. Teachers should be good at proceeding from reality, making overall plans, and following and using them flexibly and creatively.

Second, carefully study and choose the methods of art teaching.

The principle of art teaching is the basic principle of art teaching, the summary of teaching practice experience and the general principle used to guide art teaching in middle schools.

It is also the basis of applying various teaching methods in specific teaching. Conscientiously implementing teaching principles is conducive to correctly handling various contradictions in the teaching process and the relationship between teaching and learning, and promoting the improvement of teaching quality.

Art teaching method is a working method adopted by teachers to complete teaching tasks according to the principles of art teaching, and it is also a way and means to achieve teaching goals.

Of course, the teaching method itself is constantly changing and developing with the deepening and development of teaching practice. The so-called "teaching has a method but no fixed method" means

This truth. Teaching method is the dominant aspect of teaching activities, which further shows that it is very important to choose the correct teaching method for completing the scheduled teaching tasks. Therefore, teachers should carefully study and correctly choose art teaching methods.

There are many art teaching methods in middle schools, but according to the requirements of the spirit of "Art Teaching Outline for Middle Schools" and the author's long-term experience in art teaching, the most commonly used and effective methods are as follows.

(1) teaching methods. This is a way for teachers to impart knowledge to students in vivid language, that is, a way for teachers to talk and students to listen. it

Including narration, explanation and reading. General theoretical narration, artistic common sense, appreciation teaching and explanation before technical training are all adopted.

Teaching methods. The advantages of this teaching method are knowledge system, strong logic, high efficiency and wide care. But its disadvantage is that students are easily deceived.

Passive state, lack of perceptual knowledge, such as unable to solve problems such as how to draw. In view of this situation, when using this method for teaching, we should pay attention to the following situations:

(1) should be scientific, ideological and systematic, so as to give students a logical and complete concept. For example, China people put

A work depicting nature is called "landscape painting" instead of "landscape painting". Students will definitely ask "Why?" This problem can be solved from

From two aspects: first, from the emotional habits of Chinese people, under normal circumstances, "mountains and rivers", "mountains and rivers" are

The agreed word or synonym of "motherland", so landscape painting can also be said to be a reflection of patriotism in China's art; The second is the painter's landscape painting classics.

An anthropomorphic work is the embodiment of the artist's artistic accomplishment. Landscape painting belongs to the title of western painting, which is realistic and natural.

Objective performance. After analysis and comparison, we can draw a conclusion that China's "landscape painting" can't be called "landscape painting".

(2) The form of language should conform to grammar, be clear, accurate, concise, easy to understand, vivid and infectious.

(3) Be good at organizing students to attend lectures, and ask questions that can lead students to think. Be good at understanding students' feedback, adjust lecture content in time and change teaching methods.

(4) Visual teaching AIDS such as blackboard writing, blackboard drawing or demonstration diagram can be used to deepen students' impression and help them understand.

(2) Model Law. Demonstration method is to cooperate with lectures and exercises, so that students can increase their perceptual knowledge and deepen their impressions through operational demonstration and performance.

Understand the methods and steps of painting (or other works of art). This is one of the main methods commonly used in art teaching, especially in technique teaching. such

Methods can be divided into: the whole process demonstration of painting requirements in class; According to the drawing steps, students are required to follow the teacher to demonstrate synchronously; Consciously find out the difficulties of local demonstration.

Using this method, we should do the following:

(1) The content of the demonstration must be completely consistent with the content and requirements of the class. Doing "speaking" is the premise and foundation of "practicing"; "Practice" is

The deepening of "speaking" is the expression, application and practice of what you have learned.

(2) The classroom demonstration should be concise, with clear, accurate, vivid and skilled images, which can be seen by all students.

(3) In order to save time, some demonstrations can be made into blanks and semi-finished products before class, and key processes can also be selected for timely demonstration in class.

(3) Practice methods. The practice method is that students apply what they have learned to practice under the guidance of teachers, so as to consolidate their knowledge and form various skills.

A method of skillfully transforming new knowledge into ability. This is the most important teaching method in middle school art teaching activities. This kind of exercise includes eyesight.

Observation practice, modeling skill practice, tool material operation practice, image thinking and logical thinking practice, etc. According to the requirements of the new textbook, it is in the whole

Junior high school teaching activities should account for more than 80% of the weight. Therefore, using this method requires special attention:

(1) It is necessary to have clear purpose requirements and appropriate purpose requirements, which will make students psychologically sound; Attention should also be paid to organizing teaching in order to

Improve students' consciousness and enthusiasm in practice. Avoid blindness and practice just for the sake of practice.

(2) Pay attention to guiding and checking students' mastery of practice methods and steps; It is necessary to allocate the time for homework exercises scientifically and reasonably.

(3) Teachers should sum up the problems, advantages and disadvantages of students' exercises in time, affirm their achievements, correct their mistakes, talk about individual problems separately, and talk about common problems in a unified way.

(4) Talking methods. Conversation is a method of teaching by talking with students. Including heuristic conversation method, questioning conversation method

Guide the dialogue. This method is helpful to inspire students' thinking, stimulate students' positive thinking and actively lock the information between teachers and students in the teaching process.

. However, the disadvantage of conversation method is that opinions are easily dispersed and difficult to control, and the knowledge taught is easily fragmented if it is not used well. Therefore, the purpose of conversation should be:

(1) Teachers should be well-prepared, the purpose of asking questions should be clear, enlightening, difficult, appropriate and suitable for students' age characteristics.

, hobbies and knowledge level, but also pay attention to the troubles that students may encounter in answering questions, and prepare correct answers for this.

(2) The application of this method should be enlightening. The questions asked should constitute a series of coherent, in-depth and gradually concluded questions. Also pay attention to conversation skills and face all students.

(3) Students should be fully prepared when asking questions. There should be no surprise attack, and the conversation should be lively and diverse.

(4) Teachers should make clear whether the questions answered by students are correct and encourage them to open their hearts and speak boldly. If they are wrong, don't criticize too much.

(5) Visiting method. Visiting method enriches students' perceptual knowledge, broadens students' horizons, connects teaching with real life, and obtains practical education from it.

The method. Its contents include visiting calligraphy and painting photography exhibition, homework observation exhibition, historical relics, places of interest, architectural objects, natural scenery,

Animals, flowers, etc. This is a better teaching form of patriotism, revolutionary tradition and love of life education.

When adopting this teaching method, we should pay attention to the following requirements:

(1) Teachers should know enough about the contents of the visit, be fully prepared for their own visit activities and have a clear purpose.

(2) We should have strict organizational discipline and not let things drift.

(3) to inspire students to think positively, let students fully express their opinions and opinions, discuss them seriously, and the teacher will sum them up seriously at the end.

How to choose the above teaching methods can be flexibly selected according to the teaching content, purpose and task, as well as the age characteristics and knowledge level of students.

Choose to use; Depending on the course type, sometimes only one method can be used, and sometimes two or even three methods can be used together.

In a word, the characteristics of art teaching in middle schools determine the principles of art teaching, and its characteristics and principles establish methods that conform to the laws of art teaching.

As a middle school art teacher, only by acting according to scientific laws, seeking truth from facts, following the principles of middle school art teaching, flexibly choosing the best teaching methods and doing well in every class can we achieve the teaching objectives and complete the teaching tasks.