Xiamen university Baicheng human history

Since the Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates have been harassing the southeast coast of China. In A.D. 1387, Jiang, Xiahou and Zhou Dexiao were sent to Fujian to plan and build castles. Xiamen is the gateway to the southeast of China, an important coastal defense town, and is in a state of fortification. Xiamen was built in 1394 (near Zhongshan Park). A checkpoint near Hongshan Temple is called "Zhennan Gate". Then, a "Tacheng" will be built at the estuary (that is, the tower head of Huangcuo Village), and some earth and stone walls will be built on the hillside near the sea (such as Baicheng area of Xiamen University).

The exact time of the construction of "Baicheng" is not clear, and it is not recorded in Xiamen Annals and Lujiang Annals. According to legend, Zheng Chenggong, a national hero in the late Ming Dynasty, was stationed in Xiamen. When he was practicing French soldiers in the martial arts field in front of Nanputuo Temple, he had this "Baicheng" and became the first-class defense line of the martial arts field. Later, the expulsion of Dutch colonists and the recovery of Taiwan Province Province were also important defensive positions. This wall is named "Baicheng" because it is painted white with lime. In the middle of the city wall, there is a tunnel leading to the beach fort outside the city, which corresponds to "Zhennan Gate" and is called "Zhenbeiguan". The scope of "Baicheng" is said to include floors 3 1- 18 of Baicheng New Village of Xiamen University, extending to the Physics Museum, Nanyang Research Institute Building and Overseas Correspondence Building, until Shapowei of Xiamen Port becomes a solid white belt. 1926 In September, Mr. Lu Xun came from Beiping to teach at Xiamen University. In a letter to Xu Guangping on September 23rd, he wrote: "I hate myself and am sensitive to natural beauty, so I am not very moved even if I welcome its beautiful scenery. But for several days, I couldn't forget Zheng Chenggong's body. There is a wall not far from my residence. It is said that he built it. " (Tongling Xiamen Communication). The wall mentioned in the letter is "Baicheng". When Lu Xun first came to Xiamen University, he lived in the Biology Museum, so he was very close to Baicheng City Wall.

During the Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, the Opium War broke out, and "Baicheng" became the outpost of Xiamen's coastal defense. 1840 In mid-August, after the British invaded China and captured Dinghai, Zhejiang Province, they attempted to attack Xiamen by warship and were repelled by a battery on the beach outside Baicheng. In order to strengthen military defense and artillery strength, the Qing government also specially ordered Yan, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and Liu, governor of Fujian, to dispatch troops in Xiamen, build docks, cast artillery, and set up a series of artillery positions from Baishibao to Yanbao in front of Baicheng. On August 25th, 184 1, the British army invaded again and launched a fierce artillery battle. Although it was finally broken, it wrote a glorious chapter in the history of China people's anti-British struggle. The latter battle was also called "Battle of the Stone Wall", and the British called these series of batteries "long batteries". There is an article describing that "there is a rugged stone mountain behind the fort, and China people built a solid wall on the side of the mountain as the border defense of the fort." The city wall referred to in this article should be "Baicheng".

Times are changing, but the name "Baicheng" is still circulating in the world. During the Kuomintang rule, it was also set up as a prison, and the execution point was near the east entrance of Xiamen University today, which was extremely steep and curved, similar to the other two related periods and places at that time. One is that there has been a stage called the white terror stage since then; The other is Bai Mansion, the former villa of Sichuan warlord Bai Juyi, located in Chongqing. 1939 was converted into a prison by the Military Bureau of the Kuomintang, and 1943 was converted into the first prison. And these three words all have the word "white". Isn't this a coincidence?

In the early days of Xiamen University, teachers' apartments were built in Zhenbeiguan and "Baicheng" Mountain, named "Baicheng" dormitory, where famous professors such as Lin Yutang and Zhou Jianming lived. 1938, the Japanese invaders invaded Xiamen, Xiamen University used it as a military camp, and the houses there were also demolished. It was not until after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War that they rebuilt in 1948 (in the east, the top of the original "Baicheng" was called "Dabaicheng Dormitory" and the top of the mountain was called "Xiaobaicheng Dormitory").

In 1950s, from 1957 to 1958, "Little Baicheng Dormitory" was rebuilt and expanded into Nanyang Research Institute Building and New Physics Museum. In 1980s, the staff dormitory was built in front of the former Baicheng dormitory, which was called "Baicheng New Village" 1 to 17. Until 1990s, the original "Dabaicheng Dormitory" was rebuilt and expanded into "Baicheng New" 18 to 3 1. And build a superconducting overseas correspondence building next to the Nanyang Research Institute building. Therefore, Baicheng area has become one of the many buildings on the campus of Xiamen University, and it is also one of the central areas of faculty residences. Xiamen University Baicheng Bus Station was originally named Xiamen University Swimming Pool, because Mr. Chen Jiageng had built a swimming pool outside Baicheng, but it was demolished due to the construction of Baicheng overpass. After the bus company set up a station at the intersection of Xincun (Xiamen University Baicheng) and even the island road was completed, the name gradually became known.

The remains of "Hundred Cities" and "Zhenbeiguan" still exist, which is located on the right side of the building of Marxism College (formerly Overseas Education College) of Xiamen University, and is little known. On the boulder at the entrance of Zhenbei, there are three big characters inscribed by General Zhang Aiping, the former Minister of National Defense of China, and the inscription on 1998 by Chen Guoqiang, a professor of anthropology and ethnology at Xiamen University: "Zhenbei is related to the site of Baichengguan built by the Japanese invaders in the Ming Dynasty, where the national hero Zheng Chenggong once trained officers and men in the city." There is a stone tablet on the ground near the gate of Jiannan Auditorium of Xiamen University near Baicheng, which records the historical process of Qi Xin, a military and civilian of the Qing army, working together to resist foreign invasion and protect large and small Dan (place names), reflecting the history and glory of Baicheng from one side!