How is animation formed?

194 1 year, Disney's animation industry suffered a huge blow. Animators belonging to Disney wanted to organize trade unions to resist Disney's long-term exploitation, but Disney tried to suppress it, so they had a long and fierce argument and both sides lost. As a result, a group of animators, including John Habley, left Disney and founded the United States Joint Production Company (UPA) on 1943. Their ideal is to reform the established style of animation. UPA started its business with little money, and most artists worked for it with little or no pay. UPA is a partnership system, which consists of three Disney-owned Za- chary Schwartz, David Hilberman and Ste -phen Bosustow. The first film they collaborated on was Fight for the Election, an election film for Franklin Roosevelt, which was funded by American trade unions and directed by Chuck Jones. Everyone started working at night after Warner got off work.

Disney's products pay more attention to three-dimensional expression and realistic route, while UPA prefers plain, stylized and popular line design. The best examples are the romantic fairy tales "Brotherhood of Man" and "The Hangman", which are Disney's favorites, replaced by social and political criticism. Because of lack of funds, they can't afford Disney's gorgeous expenses. They can only create in the form of "limited animation", draw with fewer pictures, strengthen key actions, and drive the development of the plot with strong story and powerful sound design.

UPA changed the previous view of animation. After winning the prize, UPA soon had its own spokesperson. Such as "Mr. magoo" (1949) and "Boeing Boeing" (195 1). John Habberley's lively and clean painting style has captured people's hearts, and his painting style has also influenced Disney's works, such as Too, Whistle, Plunk and Boom (1953).

In 1950s, Hollywood cartoon films gradually declined. On the one hand, the cost of cartoon production is very high, and few short films can recover the cost through cinema screening. In response to the situation, the major film studios put forward the "booking", asking Lili to buy another drama, a cartoon or a news film at the same time, which temporarily saved the way out for comic short films, but later this promotion method was adopted. As a result, the animation departments of big companies were dissolved.

At this time, another emerging media: television, eased the dilemma of cartoon production. Major manufacturers have sold the broadcasting rights of old cartoons to TV stations, accumulating a lot of financial resources. Over the past 30 years, the ratings of these replayed cartoons have been considerable, which has also prompted TV cartoons to become a new production form.

However, due to the time pressure of TV, production is often in short supply, so limited animation must be used to make it, and the script should be flexible. It was william hanna and joseph barbera who started putting TV cartoons on the track. They won an Oscar for short films for their Tom and Jerry. 1957, their new company released Ralph and Reddy, which is an adventure story about a dog and a cat. The method is more limited than UPA's limited animation, but its color and ingenious style are very popular with the audience. Then Huckleberry Hound, yogi bear and flintstones followed suit, and TV cartoons became new entertainment tools.

The 1960s was also a dark period for American animation, because the forms of expression had been stereotyped as "weekend morning TV programs" and "programs watched by children". With the increase of production cost, the quantity is less and less, and the texture is more and more economical. TV stations gradually fill the gap with films-this trend has continued to this day.

After World War II, Japanese animation officially entered its heyday. From Osamu Tezuka's cartoons to the rise of Miyazaki Hayao, Japanese animation has not only swept the domestic market, but also set off a whirlwind in the world.