Reflections on learning to ask questions

Savoring a famous book, I believe everyone has gained a lot of knowledge. Why not write a review? Have you figured out how to write your comments? The following is my carefully compiled model essay "Learning to Ask Questions" (3 selected model essays) for reference only. Welcome to reading.

Before reading Learn to Ask Questions 1 Learn to Ask Questions, I thought I could quickly master how to ask questions through this book. However, after a week of intensive reading, my initial idea was naive. Although I have no high-level questioning skills, I have a systematic understanding of critical thinking.

question

Once a question is asked, someone needs to give a definite answer. By asking key questions, you can change from a passive receiver of information to an equal interactive person. In this process, you can also improve your personal expression ability and thinking ability, and you will never follow blindly.

For example, near the National Games, various districts in Tianjin have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in maintaining the appearance of the city. In addition, many factories have to stop working, resulting in some small factories can only start work secretly at night. Therefore, I often hear different voices recently:

Looking forward to the National Games; I am honored to hold the National Games in Tianjin. Large financial expenditures are only for face-saving projects; Business can't be done.

In the face of all kinds of opinions, if you don't think critically, you just simply accept them, accept them all, and even share others' opinions with others without thinking. For a long time, there is a lot of information in the brain, which seems to be knowledgeable, but in fact it is only "shallow" and "thin" and becomes a slave to other people's thoughts. And some people, through critical thinking, insist on using their wisdom to find the truth.

Two ways of thinking

Just mentioned accepting everyone else's point of view, that is, "sponge thinking";

What we advocate is "gold rush thinking": we should not only use memory, but also use the ability of reasoning and analysis to question the received information, screen out the most valuable information, and attach importance to active interaction with knowledge in the process of acquiring knowledge.

Advantages and disadvantages of critical thinking

It is inevitable that some people will use their opponents' logical loopholes to highlight their correctness, resist refutation or even sophistry to defend their views under the guise of critical thinking. This is "weak critical thinking" (partially closed).

The purpose of strong critical thinking (partially open) is to approach the truth and seek the truth. To this end, questioning various viewpoints, including one's own, has a sense of atmosphere (partial opening).

Maybe we asked the wrong question at all.

Critical thinking doesn't mean asking every question. This is not a good habit. What we need to learn is how to ask questions effectively at the right time. So what questions are we going to ask? To this end, the author decomposes the problem system of critical thinking, which is also the name of each chapter in the book:

What are the topics and conclusions?

What is the reason?

Which words are ambiguous?

What are value hypothesis and descriptive hypothesis?

Is there any fallacy in the process of reasoning?

What is the function of evidence?

Are there any other alternative reasons?

Is the data deceptive?

What important information is missing?

What reasonable conclusions can be drawn?

The key is when and how to effectively raise the above questions.

After reading Learn to Ask Questions, 2. When I open a book, my habit is to ask myself questions after reading the table of contents and preface, especially books with improved thinking. My question usually consists of the following links:

1. What skills and ways of thinking do I hope to learn from this book?

2. What are my successful experiences and experiences in this field? Can it be refined? What other experiences need the author's guidance?

3. What experiences and practices have I failed in this respect? What technologies have I tried to conquer but have no effect?

Suppose I want to introduce this book to several different people after reading it. What angle would I use? (No answer)

Good reading habits, let me not only gain a lot in front of this kind of books, but also speed up obviously. Because you summarize and sort out your thinking before reading, it will be easier to find the relevant points you need during reading, and even the differences in the author's thinking will be deeply imprinted in your mind like jumping into your eyes.

However, this reading habit played a very interesting role in this reading-it changed my thinking position when reading.

Because I did more thinking exercises with my teacher. At a very young age, I have formed a review of what happened in my daily work and life, simulated scene thinking, and thus exercised my critical consciousness and habits. So when I first read it, I seemed to have mastered the ideas and methods taught by the teacher again, and of course there were some two-way omissions. Let me have a more systematic and detailed thinking about this method. But this is not the original intention of reading this book.

People's way of thinking has been stereotyped in most cases, and it is difficult to improve the sharpness of thinking and the quality of reading by reading one or two books. Repeated exercise should be devoted to daily work and thinking, not reading books. The reflection and simulation of daily life is the real place for thinking exercise, and it is also the place that can really make us interested in going deep.

The first voice-over came from a self-question: What do I want from this book? This book provides a good perspective-the author.

When my perspective changed, I was no longer the receiver who needed criticism, but the author who wanted to convince the audience, something interesting happened.

But this interesting, not from avoiding fallacies, but from-how to effectively use these fallacies?

As a teacher, an ordinary teacher, what we have to face every day is not highly sensitive experts, but ordinary people who are ambiguous and easily confused. Reasonable use of some "fallacies" in communication and writing can convey our orientation and express our conclusions more clearly.

For example, I saw with interest my most commonly used "fallacy of landslide reasoning" and "inappropriate appeal to public opinion". In the communication with parents and in my daily teaching diary, I often use these two tricks unconsciously. I will stick to my goal with my teaching experience from junior high school to primary school and my parents' vague positioning of public psychology. In writing, I often talk about things. I will say that writing depends on the child's personality. I will emphasize that the habit of practicing calligraphy in lower grades will at least always affect the senior high school entrance examination. Under the influence of the handwriting in the senior high school entrance examination, there is at least a gap of more than 20 points! The ingenious fallacy of landslide and the fallacy of appealing to public opinion made parents accept my strict requirements for writing very easily.

For example, in these fallacies, I found that some books that guide negotiations often use skills, which is very interesting. If the answer doesn't matter, such as halo effect.

Therefore, in the whole reading process, my orientation angle is: how to make more effective use of these "fallacies" and guidance in daily communication and feedback, so that others can accept my views and arguments more easily?

The second voiceover is also a supplement to the content in the book. When reading this book, the book gives a lot of places to think about gymnastics, but be wary! Please be alert to the contents of the book itself and remain critical! What he wants us to see, although there are descriptions of life scenes, tends to ask questions in the literal sense. Why can't it be extended to questions in the sense of things?

Not only in dialogue and communication. In fact, the reflection and expansion of scenes and things should also run through our lives.

For example, such an accident, can you change your perspective and think about the inner feelings of the characters facing this incident and the story changes that will happen in different situations and characters? This is the thinking gymnastics that I often do.

Example: Xiaolin, a college girl, goes shopping in the supermarket. Without paying attention, she put down a bra and left the shopping basket without paying the bill. Halfway through, he was stopped by the security guard and asked to search in the dark room. Finally, he was fined 10 times and fled the scene.

There are too many aspects that can be trained in a short story clip. If you have patience, you can try. The development of things is never a factor. When one or two factors change, the result of everything will be very different.

The third voice-over is actually an attitude. Strength means openness and integrity. This is an unexpected gain, because this is also the place that has been reflecting recently.

Make new plans every new year and reflect on last year. Different from previous years, this year's New Year's resolutions are no longer based on the existing ones, but contain many strange things that I never thought of before, such as diving and gliding, hiking in the forest and making my 20 17 photo album this year. The initial change came from a life-and-death turn in the summer vacation. I fell into great pain, from paralyzing myself with my work to making it clear that I don't want to waste every day, because I want to live with the hope of others, so I want to live more meaningfully.

What do you mean, enough living? Not for continuous achievement, but for continuous growth.

So I began to sort out my little changes from college to now, from mentality to knowledge to action, and then I realized that staying in the comfort zone is a sign of getting old, and keeping passionate and curious exploration is the beginning of growth.

As a primary school teacher, I often observe children. What kind of children are more likely to "mature"? Undoubtedly, it is not a child waiting to be taught by others, but a child who actively explores and discovers and remains open and active. If you want a metaphor, the hero of a full-time hunter should be the best example.

My idea is that only if your world changes, you will naturally change. This world may be a physical environment or a psychological environment.

Therefore, openness is a force, a force to maintain vitality.

Just like the premise of this book: stay critical.

In addition to openness, it is also necessary to mention holistic thinking.

It is easier for you to remember the feeling of talking to the other person than what the conclusion is.

Similarly, when I read this book, I will also pay attention to the whole layering process of paragraphs. The last time I felt this way was reading Schopenhauer, or even the philosophical essay "The Wisdom of Life". His logic was natural and he was cheering!

So, think with my first voice-over: As a guide, how can I make my conclusion more acceptable to the other party?

In my other series, whether it is conclusion or self-management, what we need more is a whole thinking and adjustment.

Simply put, if you want to improve your attention and energy, everyone knows that you should start by maintaining a reasonable diet and proper exercise. In the book "Deep Work", you compare your concentration to the muscles of your brain: you can't just keep training during your concentration period and interrupt your concentration muscle ability with fragments in your leisure period!

Our attention to one thing needs a wholeness. On the one hand, it is the horizontal and vertical integration of time and space, on the other hand, it is the observation and reflection of each node. This is the psychological characteristics of people.

Nothing is caused by a single structural factor, but a web that is intertwined step by step. From one direction, it is inevitably not as good as from multiple nodes.

Reflections on Learning to Ask Questions All three books are very classic critical thinking books. Through reading, I gained a lot and began to rethink the problem. In an era surrounded by overwhelming information, we will actively or passively encounter all kinds of information, ranging from the development trend of the world economy to the decision-making of personal life. In the face of this information, are you lazy to accept it without thinking, or do you ask key questions for discussion?

First of all, I usually have this problem, and I often accept other people's opinions without thinking, usually those of people who are more senior or professional than me, and often I really don't analyze them.

In the future, it should be noted that:

1. Maybe his argument is one-sided or outdated. I didn't analyze it, so I simply accepted it. Over time, it will affect my thinking habits.

If you criticize your opinion before accepting it, you will be able to deepen the dialogue and generate more topics and sparks.

Secondly, I think the critical thinking put forward by the author of this book is actually to cultivate a kind of thinking logic and expression ability.

The first point: the main point of thinking logic, first of all, the questions should be linked together, that is, every question in the discussion should be related to the previous question, and we can't jump, which will lead to the failure of in-depth discussion.

The second point: extract keywords and make a quick (critical) analysis. If you don't think it over so quickly, you can ask him: I'm curious about this. This can guide the object to continue talking about this problem, and also give me time to think for myself.

The third point: when asking questions, bring more keywords that the other party has just expressed, so that the questions and answers will never leave the core. And let the other person feel that I can understand what he said, and I am more willing to talk.

Finally, for me, reading this article is like learning a lesson from a professor with a senior teaching calendar and questioning experience. Some are touched by the heart, some are improved, and some are accumulated in questioning skills.

There must be learning and asking questions in life, as the saying goes: small skeptics make small progress, and big skeptics make great progress. Learning and asking questions is like the key to the ocean of knowledge. Let's soar in the ocean of knowledge to our heart's content!