Comparative reading of Chinese and classical Chinese in high school entrance exams over the years

1. Comparative Reading of Classical Chinese in the High School Entrance Examination [Steelmaking]

(The one downstairs is mine) Comparative reading is a new type of reading question that has emerged in the High School Entrance Examination in recent years.

Comparative reading is a reading method that compares and analyzes two or more articles that are related in content and form, seeking similarities and differences, and deepening understanding. During the reading process, constantly compare, contrast and identify the relevant contents. This can not only broaden your horizons, activate your thinking, make your understanding more complete and profound, but also see the differences, grasp the characteristics and improve your appreciation.

Comparative reading can improve students' ability to transfer thinking, improve students' systematic and regular sorting of Chinese knowledge, and improve students' reading speed, which will help them quickly deal with many complicated tasks in extracurricular reading in the future. Information is helpful. With the deepening of the reform of the high school entrance examination, more and more questions are used to test candidates' analytical comprehension ability in the form of comparative reading.

Today, when the new curriculum emphasizes cultivating creative talents, paying attention to comparative reading examinations has a very good guiding role. [Question replay] (2003 high school entrance examination questions in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province) 3. Classical Chinese reading (***22 points.

Questions 20 and 21 are 3 points each, and each other question is 4 points) Read the following A and B Two articles, complete questions 20-25. [A] Yanzi envoy to Chu.

The Chu people used Yanzi to be short, so they made a small door on the side of the main door and extended Yanzi. Yanzi refused to enter and said: "Those who envoy to the dog kingdom enter through the dog gate.

I am envoys to Chu and should not enter through this gate." The best man said more and entered through the gate.

When he met the King of Chu, he said: "There is no one in Qi? I will send you as an envoy." Yanzi said to him: "Qi is in three hundred villages near Zi, with open sleeves forming a shadow, sweating like rain, shoulder to shoulder and one after another. But now, what is no one? The king asked: "Then what is an envoy?" Yanzi said to him: "The envoys of Qi each have their own masters. The good ones will be the wise masters. The unfaithful ones will be the envoys who are not worthy of their masters. The infant is the most unworthy, so he is sent to Chu." "

[B] Gao Liao became an official in Yanzi, and Yanzi chased him away. The left and right admonitions said: "Gao Liao has been serving the master for three years, and he has not been expelled because of his title. What is the meaning of this? "Yanzi said: "A person with a humble baby will be able to straighten after having four dimensions.

This son has been with me for three years and has never failed me, so I am expelling him. ” Notes: ⑴ Shi: formerly known as being an official.

⑵ Shifuzi: serving Yanzi. ⑶ Humble: narrow and shallow.

⑷Wei: maintenance. By extension, auxiliary. < /p>

⑸弼：Correction. 20. The incorrect explanation of the following sentence is:………………………………………… ( ) A. It is a small door. On the side of the gate, Yan Zi (introduced) B. Its meaning is Kehu (obligation) C. So he sent Chu directly (had no choice but to) D. Yan Zi chased him (he, refers to Gao Liao) 21. Dotted "" in the following sentence "Shi" has the same meaning as "Shi" in "Qi Mingshi each has his own master" is ( ) A. Yanzi made Chu B. Zhizhi made people from the dog country enter through the dog gate C. Zhizi was an envoy D. Those who were unworthy An envoy is unworthy of his master 22. Translate the following two classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese.

(1) Then what is an envoy? (2) This son has served me for three years and has never done anything wrong. 23. [A] In the article, why does the King of Chu say, "There is no one in Qi?" [A] Why does Yan Zi say that he is an "unworthy person" in the text? [B] Why does Yan Zi in the text think that it is unjust to pursue Gao Liao? Say you are a "mean person"? 25. What kind of person can you tell from the two articles [A] and [B]? [Comparative reading method] The basic method of comparative reading is to "seek common ground in differences and seek common ground." Seeking differences in differences".

Seeking similarities in differences means screening, filtering and refining through comparative reading to find out the most common features of two texts and reveal general rules; seeking differences in similarities It starts from the phenomenon, analyzes and dissects the materials, finds out the content of each expression, finds out their individuality, and reveals the personality characteristics.

Comparative reading is a kind of creativity. The rather complex process of positive thinking can be carried out in three steps during the exam: 1. Read the passage carefully and grasp the main content of the passage first. First, browse the full text and clarify the time, place, characters and events in the text. and the author’s opinions.

Then exclude names of people, places, official names, etc. that do not need to be translated, and analyze their relationships so that you can understand them more accurately. 2. Carefully analyze the content of the question requirements and comparisons, and read them repeatedly. For relevant texts, "seeking similarities in differences" or "seeking differences in similarities" will be conducted item by item.

The comparison should be based on the context of the text, title, and the author's works, such as answering word meanings. , sentence meaning and usage, we should start from the relevant sentence analysis and examination points of the test questions to find the entry point for answering the questions.

At the same time, we should pay attention to the source, comments and alternative answers of the passage. Interconnect the items and find breakthroughs. This can make things easier and get twice the result with half the effort. 3. Connect with the full text, analyze it as a whole, and express the results of the comparative reading in accurate language when answering the questions. Use the original sentence.

And pay attention to the transfer, expansion and innovation of knowledge. [Problem-solving ideas] Questions 20 and 21 are accumulation questions, which test the knowledge of classical Chinese accumulated in daily life and understand the meaning of the actual words in classical Chinese.

When interpreting the content of classical Chinese words, we must consider the ancient and modern idioms and polysemy of the word, and understand it in conjunction with the previous and next sentences. These two questions are multiple-choice questions. You must first learn to use the elimination method to eliminate options that do not meet the requirements.

Question 22 is a translation question. The translation of classical Chinese texts must follow three principles: "faithfulness" (loyalty to the content of the original text and the meaning of each sentence), "expression" (the translated modern text must have clear meaning, smooth language, and no distortion of tone), and "elegance". ” (Use concise, beautiful and literate modern Chinese to accurately express the content, form and style of the original text).

The translation methods include ① "retain" (retaining proper nouns, country names, era names, names of people, names of things, place names, professional titles, etc.), ② "supplementing" (retaining supplements that should be added) Classical Chinese translations such as omitted elements), ③ "delete" (delete untranslated words), ④ "change" (replace ancient words with modern words), ④ "tune" (during translation, the word order of some sentences needs to be adjusted) basic method. Questions 23 and 24 are both reading comprehension questions, testing the understanding of key sentences and key words in the passage.

To understand the meaning of a certain word or sentence in a passage, you must closely follow the theme of the full text, clarify the author's writing intention, and clarify the context and purpose of the speaker's speech. For example, in question 23 [A], the context of King Chu's words is: King Chu said this to the short Yan Zi in front of him after his plan to humiliate Yan Zi failed.

Combined with the background of the strong state of Chu and the weak state of Qi at that time, the accuracy of answering questions will be high. The original text can be used. 2. Which ancient Chinese texts are most likely to be tested in the Chinese language of the High School Entrance Examination in 2018

2009 High School Entrance Examination of Classical Chinese Reading Section Serial Number Volume Number of Courses Text Author 1 QiShang 5 Childlike Interest 2 QiShang 10 "The Analects of Confucius" Ten Confucius Lesson Standards Chapter 3 Seven Parts 25 Yong Snow 4 Seven Parts 25 Chen Taiqiu and Friends 5 Seven Parts 5 Shang Zhongyong and Wang Anshi 6 Seven Parts 20 Ventriloquism 7 Seven Parts 25 Kuafu Zhuri 8 Eight Parts 21 Tao Yuanming's Story of the Peach Blossom Spring Chapter 9 Eighth Part 22: Liu Yuxi’s Inscription on the Humble Room, Chapter 10; Eighth Part 22: Ai Lian’s Story on Zhou Dunyi; Chapter 11; Eighth Part 26: Three Gorges Li Daoyuan; Chapter 12; Eighth Chapter 27: Thanks to Tao Hongjing, the book’s author. 3. What are the 16 required passages in the classical Chinese language for the high school entrance examination

***16 passages, which can be divided into four levels:

(1) The first choice level for the exam: 4 passages "Fish" What I Want", "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple.", "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang", "The Analects of Confucius";

(2) Examination secondary selection level: 5 articles "Yueyang Tower", "The Drunkard's Pavilion", "Born in Sorrow, Die in Peace", "The Peach Blossom Spring", "The Master";

(3) Three selection levels for the exam: 2 "Inscriptions on the Humble Room", "Love" "Lian Shuo";

(4) There is no selection level for the exam: 5 pieces of "Ma Shuo", "Cao GUI's Debate", "Xiao Shi Tan Ji", "Three Gorges", "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi and accepts advice". Classical Chinese texts that have been tested in the Hebei Provincial High School Entrance Examination in the past six years: 2000's "The Master's Guide", 2001's "Love of Lotus", 2002's "Inscriptions on the Humble Room", 2003's "The Battle of Cao GUI", 2004's "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu" and " "Ma Shuo", "Three Gorges" in 2005 4. Ancient poems and essays that have been frequently tested in the Chinese Language Examination in recent years

Jiang Chengzi's "Going Hunting in Mizhou" (Su Shi's "Northern Song Dynasty") The old man chatted like a teenager, holding the yellow on the left and holding the blue on the right . Brocade hats and mink fur coats, thousands of cavalry rolling around Ping Gang. In order to repay Qingcheng, I followed the prefect, shot tigers myself, and watched Sun Lang. It doesn't matter if you're drunk, your chest is still open, and your temples are slightly frosted! In the cloud of Chijie, when will Feng Tang be sent? He can hold the eagle bow like the full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf.

In Wulingchun (Li Qingzhao's "Southern Song Dynasty"), the wind and dust and the fragrant flowers have all gone, and I am tired of combing my hair in the evening. Things are different, people are not busy, and I want to shed tears first. I heard that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and I also plan to spread it. A light boat can't carry many sorrows.

Po Zhenzi wrote a poem for Chen Tongfu (Xin Qiji, Southern Song Dynasty). When he was drunk, he lit up the lamp and watched the sword, and dreamed of blowing the horn. . Eight hundred miles under his command, fifty strings are heard outside the Great Wall. Lu's horse moves quickly, and his bow is astonishing as a thunderbolt. Classical Chinese Reading

04 Henan High School Entrance Examination Chinese Language 5. Read the following ancient poetry and complete questions 17-21

(12 points) Read the following classical Chinese and complete questions 17-20 (. 8 points) Three Gorges ○1 In the 700 miles from the Three Gorges, there are mountains on both sides, with no gaps; the mountains are stacked on top of each other, hiding the sky and blocking out the sun, and the moon cannot be seen at midnight from Feiting.

○2. As for Xia Shuixiang Ling, it was blocked along the way. Or the king's order was urgently announced, and sometimes the White Emperor arrived in the morning and arrived at Jiangling in the evening. It took him 1,200 miles to ride on the wind but not to rush.

○3 Spring and winter. At that time, there were many strange cypresses in the clear green pool, with hanging springs and waterfalls among them.

It is a lot of fun when the sun shines. In the morning, the forest is cold and the streams are austere. There are often high apes shouting, which is very sad and strange.

Therefore, the fishermen sang: "The Badong Three Gorges and the Wu Gorge are long, and the apes cry three times and shed tears on their clothes!" 17. The group of words with the same meaning in the following sentences is ( ) (2 points) Often The high ape roars, which is sad and strange, or the king's order is urgently announced. A. B. I write it to remember it. I try to seek the heart of the ancient benevolent people, or the two are different. Absolute C. D. The morning light and evening clouds, the weather is endless, leading the people of the city to this desperate situation 18. Write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese. (2 points) Qingrongjunmao, a lot of fun.

_______________________________________________________________ 19. When paragraph ○3 describes the spring and winter scenery of the Three Gorges, it describes both the static scenery of "_______________" and the dynamic scenery of "_______________". The combination of movement and stillness complements each other. (2 points) 20. Based on the full text, what is the function of quoting fishermen’s songs in paragraph ○4? (2 points) ____________________________________________________________ 21. Read the following ancient poem and answer the questions as required.

(4 points) Moved to Languan on the left to show his nephew Xiang, Han Yu, and wrote a letter to Jiuchongtian in the morning and demoted to Chaozhou Road eight thousand in the evening. If you want to eliminate evil things for the saint, you are willing to cherish your remaining years.

Where is my home in the Qinling Mountains where the clouds are crossing? The snow is holding the blue gate and the horses are unable to move forward. I know that you came from afar with some intention, so that you can take me back to the river bank.

(1) The sharp contrast between "Chaozou" and "Xiban", "Nine Heavens" and "Eight Thousand Roads" in the first and second sentences makes us deeply feel the fate of the poet. drastic changes. What thoughts and feelings does the poet contain? (2 points) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ (2) The sixth sentence, "The snow embraces the blue and the horse stops moving forward" uses the scenery to express emotions, and achieves the perfect unity of the vision of the eyes and the mood of the heart.

Please analyze this. (2 points) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2005 Henan Province High School Entrance Exam Chinese Language Test Questions (Curriculum Reform) Read the following and complete questions 20-23.

A Night Tour of Chengtian Temple by Su Shi On the night of October 12, the sixth year of Yuanfeng, I undressed and was about to fall asleep. When the moonlight came into my house, I happily set off. Those who thought there was no joy went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin.

Huai Min also stayed up and walked with each other in the atrium. Under the courtyard, there is a clear sky like accumulated water, with algae and lilies intertwined in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows.

What night is there without a moon? Where are there no bamboos or cypresses? But there are few idle people like the two of us. 20. Explain the meaning of the punctuated words in the following sentences.

⑴ Undressing and about to fall asleep Solution: ⑵ Walking with each other in the atrium Step: 21. Write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese, pay attention to the underlined words. Under the courtyard, the sky is clear as if there were accumulated water. The water is covered with algae and cypress shadows.

22. There is no direct mention of friendship anywhere in the text, but it can be seen between the lines. Please find sentences that express the friendship between Su Shi and Zhang Huaimin (write two sentences), and use one of them as an example to explain why you chose it.

Sentences that can reflect friendship: Reason: 23. The underlined sentence is the highlight of the full text. Please refer to the background material below to talk about why the author calls himself an "idler". This reflects the author's What was my state of mind at that time. Background information: Su Shi was talented, had the ambition to help the world, and advocated political reform, but he had different opinions on the radical aspects of Wang Anshi's reform. He was later demoted to Huangzhou Deputy Envoy of Tuanlian, which was actually like an exile.

"Night Tour to Chengtian Temple" was written at this time. Read the poem below and answer questions 24-25.

Rewarding Lotte I met Liu Yuxi at the first banquet in Yangzhou. Bashan and Chushui were desolate places, abandoned for twenty-three years. Nostalgically reciting the poems on the flute in the air, and when I go to the countryside to read it, I feel like a dead person.

Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of trees spring in front of the diseased trees. Today I will listen to a song of Junge, and for now I will have a glass of wine to keep my spirits up.

24. What kind of thoughts and feelings do the two allusions in "Reciting the poems on the flute in the air in nostalgia, and reading in the countryside sound like a dead man" respectively? 25. "Thousands of sails are passing by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of spring trees are in front of the diseased trees" has always been appreciated by people. How do you understand these two lines of poetry? Henan Province 2003 Chinese Language Test Paper for High School Entrance Examination Read the following selected passages from classical Chinese and complete questions 20 to 23.

(8 points) Moreover, if you don’t aspire to greatness in your studies, what’s the point of having so many? When Zhe came, he saw the heights of Zhongnan, Song, and Hua in the mountains, he saw the greatness and depth of the Yellow River in the water, and he saw Ouyang Gong in others, but he thought he had never seen the Taiwei.

Therefore, I would like to observe the brilliance of virtuous people, listen to a word to strengthen myself, and then be able to see the world without regrets. When he was young, he was not familiar with official affairs.

He came here not for the sake of promotion and salary, but to get it by chance is not his pleasure. Fortunately, I was given the gift to be selected, so that in a few years of leisurely travel, I would be able to improve my writing and learn from politics.

Fortunately, Taiwei thought he could be taught but humiliated him. 20. Which of the following sentences has the same meaning as the punctuated words (2 points) 21. Translate the following sentences.

(2 points) It is a good thing that Taiwei Gou thought he could be taught and humiliated him. ______________________________________________________________ 22. What is the author’s purpose in writing about the “highness” of the mountains and the “bigness and depth” of the water? (2 points) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 23. Six of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" were from the Song Dynasty. In addition to the "Three Sus" - Su Xun, ________, and Su Che, there was also ________ (please write down one person if left blank) )wait.

(2 points) 24. Read the following ancient poem and answer the questions as required. (4 points) The title of the Zen Temple behind the Poshan Temple was often built and entered the ancient times early in the morning.