Film photography moon

Sunshine 16 law (also known as sunshine 16 law) is a law to estimate the aperture size and shutter length of a camera without the help of an electric exposure meter in photography.

The basic law of sunshine 16 is as follows: when it is sunny outdoors, if the aperture is f/ 16, the shutter speed should be the reciprocal of the international sensitivity index of the film used. For example, in outdoor sunlight, the aperture is f/ 16 and the film sensitivity is EI 100, then the shutter should be1100 second.

"16" in the formula does not mean that the aperture must be f/ 16. If f/ 1 1 is selected, the shutter speed will be doubled to 1/200 seconds, and so on.

Secondly, it should be adjusted according to the weather conditions. If it is cloudy instead of sunny, use EI 100 film. If the shutter speed is still1100 seconds, then the aperture should be doubled from116 to1100. And so on.

Concise memory formula

Exposure formula

Sixteen sunny days and eight cloudy days

Cloudy, eleven days and four nights.

Cloud cover exceeds 5.6.

Rain, snow and sunset.

Indoor court for two seconds

Shutters on the living room stage 8

1, sunshine 16 rule. That is, when shooting a subject in bright and uniform sunlight, the shutter should be set to the reciprocal of the sensitivity and the aperture should be F 16. Based on this, it is estimated that the F22 aperture is used at the seaside and F 1 1 on cloudy and sunny days.

2, moonlight 1 1, 8, 5.6 rules. There are many exposure combinations for shooting the moon. But the most popular combinations are 1 1, 8, 5.6. When the shutter speed is the reciprocal of the sensitivity, F 1 1 aperture is used for the full moon, F8 and F5.6 are used for the half moon and March/April respectively.

3, camera jitter rules. A safe shutter speed is the reciprocal of the focal length. If you use a 50 mm lens, if you shoot by hand, the speed should be at least 1/60 (of course, the anti-shake head is not counted). If it is lower than this speed, please use a flash, tripod, or find other brackets for the camera.

4. 18% gray luminosity. Using 18% medium gray plate to measure light will bring the best effect. If there is no gray board, you can open your palm to the sun, measure the light reading of your palm and add an exposure lens. Different skin colors have little effect on the results. )

5. The law of depth of field. The maximum depth of field can be obtained by focusing in the first third of the whole depth of field. Because the depth of field behind the focus is twice that before the focus.

6, digital printing size rule. The best enlargement size of digital photos should not exceed the sum of pixel length and width divided by 200. If you need film festival quality photos, please divide by 250.

7. exposure rules. The classic advice is: make sure the high-light area is exposed accurately and let the low-light area go with him. This suggestion applies to inversion and digital cameras. Negative film, especially color negative film, had better increase exposure by one step.

8, fast flash output rule. When using a flash without automatic output control, set the sensitivity of the flash to twice that of the film, measure the light on the main body, select the aperture of the fuselage and set the same aperture for the flash. Under this setting, the shadow area of the photo will be one step lower than the brightness of the subject.

9, the flash distance rule. Distance multiplied by 2, sensitivity multiplied by 4. For example, your flash has an effective distance of 20 feet at a sensitivity of 100. If you need a flash distance of 40 feet, you need to use a film with a sensitivity of 400.

10, pixel doubling rule. To double the resolution of a digital camera, the number of pixels should be quadrupled.

1 1, dynamic capture rule: this is an empirical formula of angle and speed. If an object moves along the lens axis, you can capture it with a shutter of (1125), then its movement perpendicular to the lens axis (from one side of the viewfinder to the other) can be captured with a shutter two levels higher than (1/500). (This article has been translated, thank you. )

12, sunset metering rule. When shooting a sunset, you should measure the upper part of the sunset, but don't let the sun enter the viewfinder. If you want the sunset in the photo to appear one hour later than the actual one, you can subtract 1 from the exposure compensation.

The "sunshine 16 rule" does not refer to the rule of using aperture in landscape photography, but is just an easy-to-remember and basically accurate rule that meets the requirements of photography. Then the shutter and aperture are combined by reciprocal law to meet the photographer's conceptual requirements.

Among many excellent photographic works, few works use the aperture of F22 (no one said that it can't be used), and the aperture of F 16 is even rarer. In addition, in landscape photography, most people (not all) will not use a small camera like 135, but at least use a medium-sized camera like 120.

For medium-sized cameras, the standard lens is 80~ 1 10 mm, so some characteristics are different from those of small cameras. If the same aperture is F 1 1, the absolute aperture is very different. The diffraction phenomenon of light is only aimed at the absolute aperture.

Whether the manual function of digital camera is useful depends on whether it can show different effects from the automatic function. If they are all the same, it is obviously useless. If there is a big difference, it will be very useful. Whether you use its manual function or not is a completely different concept.

It is said that the best aperture is F8. In fact, the best aperture of many lenses is around 5.6. At the same time, the aperture used is different for different photography. Landscape photography generally uses the aperture below F 1 1, so there is a "sunshine rule of 16" in photography, that is, in sunny places, the aperture of F 16 is used, and the shutter speed is the derivative of ISO value.

The improvement of photography technology is the accumulation of experience, and learning from the knowledge and skills of predecessors can quickly improve our photo shooting level. In the film era, after the accumulation and convergence of countless photographers' experience, twelve simplified and most practical photography techniques have been formed. These simplified photography skills will help you cope with many difficult shooting scenes.

1. Sixteen rules of sunshine

For landscape photography, it is often impossible to obtain the best shooting effect by relying too much on the photometric results of the camera. For example, when there is a large dark field in the scene, the camera's metering system will increase the exposure, and the obtained photos will show the effect of overexposure, and the sky will become pale without any details.

At this time, if the "Sixteen Laws of Sunshine" were adopted, this would not happen. The intensity of sunlight is relatively fixed. When the camera aperture is set to F 16 and the shutter speed is set to1125 seconds (ISO is 100), you can take a landscape photo with strong colors and normal exposure. According to this rule, F/22 aperture should be used in the environment with strong reflection, such as shooting on the beach. When the light is weak, such as cloudy days, F/1aperture should be used.

2. moonlight 1 1, 5.6 rule

The moon is the closest celestial body to us, and its changes are regular. Since ancient times, those beautiful legends have made people daydream about celestial bodies all the time, and at night, when you face the sky, the moon is the first to enter our field of vision. In ancient times, poets wrote poems about the moon. Nowadays, when people enjoy modern civilization, they all like to photograph the moon in their picture books.

According to professional measurement, when the full moon brightness value is EV 15, the normal visual effect can be obtained when the camera ISO is set to 100, the shutter speed is1125 seconds, and the aperture is F 1 1. In half a month's time, the exposure should be quadrupled. The exposure combination can be set to ISO 100, shutter 1/60s and aperture F5.6, and even the exposure time is nearly1sec when shooting the moon bud. In detail, it is not because of the change of their size that the brightness decreases, but because the angle of sunlight shining on the moon changes when the moon's profit and loss changes. Avoid overexposure when shooting the moon. More exposure will turn into a white circle without the feeling of the moon, so it is called the moon because it has a three-dimensional effect.

3. Camera jitter rules

When you shoot with a camera in your hand, the shutter speed should not be less than the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. If the shutter speed is slow, the sharpness is more likely to decrease when shooting jitter. If a focal length of 50mm is used, the shutter should be above 1/50 seconds. Only when the environment is really dark, use a flash, tripod or put the camera on a hard object to prevent jitter.

However, many digital cameras now have anti-shake function. Canon and Nikon, represented by mirror anti-shake technology, have advantages mainly in telephoto shooting ability. The effect of using mirror image stabilization in the focal length above 135mm is very obvious, and it can completely replace the three-speed safety shutter (for example, the shutter speed can reach 1/30 seconds after hand-held shooting is turned on at the 200mm end).

The anti-shake advantage of the model with anti-shake function is mainly reflected in the focal length of 50-100 mm. Take the newly released Olympus E3 as an example, it can replace the 4-speed safety shutter with this focal length, that is to say, under the focal length of 100mm, the photos taken at the shutter speed of 1/8 seconds are also worthwhile.

4. Grey cardboard rules

Grey board is a sharp weapon for shooting. But what if I don't have a gray board on me? You can spread the back of your hand (the palm is too white, and the color of the back of your hand is close to your face) to the sun, measure the light on the back of your hand, and add another exposure.

5. The law of depth of field

When the subject is deep, the focus should be in front of 1/3 of the depth of field, because the depth of field after focusing is twice as large as before. This rule can be used in various combinations of aperture and focal length. Remember, the smaller the aperture, the shorter the focal length, and the farther away from the subject, the greater the depth of field.

6. Fast flash output rules

For ordinary users, the special hot shoe TTL flash is expensive, and many people switch to the universal interface hot shoe flash, the price is only 100 yuan. Take the domestic Yin Yan flash as an example. The price of BY28A is about 160 yuan, but it is an automatic flash with automatic metering.

When we need to take outdoor backlight portrait photos, in order to ensure the details of the sky and the uniform light ratio of the dark face under backlight conditions, we need to fill the face with a flash.

Take BY28A as an example, we set the sensitivity of the flash to twice that of the camera ISO (such as camera ISO 100 and flash ISO400). The camera adopts aperture priority exposure, and the aperture selected by the camera should be consistent with the aperture set on the flash. Exposure According to the brightness of the sky, the brightness of the face in the shadow area after flash illumination is usually one step lower than the brightness of the sky, and the overall light ratio of the photo is very suitable.

7. Capture the dynamic law

This rule is based on the empirical formula of angle and speed. If an object moves along the lens axis, you can capture it with the shutter of1125, then its movement behind the lens axis can be captured with 1/500 seconds. That is to say, when the object moves 45 degrees along the lens axis, it only needs a shutter speed of 1/250.

8. Sunset Rules

When shooting a sunset, measure the light above the sunset, but don't let the sun appear in your viewfinder. If you want the sunset to look an hour later than it really is, you can reduce the exposure compensation by one step.