Xiao county culture photography bureau

"Sleeping soundly" for more than 200 years, it is still the same as burial, with gorgeous clothes, extraordinary burial style, two fatal sword wounds on the neck and three life stories. Everyone may have heard of the female corpse of Mawangdui in Han Dynasty, but few people may know about the female corpse of Qing Dynasty unearthed in 200 1 Dangshan, Anhui Province. This legendary female corpse, with rosy complexion, extremely elastic skin, wearing gorgeous official clothes and two sword wounds on her neck, caused an uproar in the local area. All kinds of legends are pouring in. Is it the princess of Emperor Qianlong? Is it the wife of the general who was killed at the border? Is it the woman that Gan Long admired when she went down to the south of the Yangtze River?

For several years, although experts have conducted in-depth research on her information search and hometown visit, until now, the identity of the woman is still a mystery. Recently, in order to understand the legendary female corpse, the reporter rushed to Xiaoxian for a visit.

When the female corpse was unearthed, it gave off a strong fragrance.

According to Su Zhaoping, director of Xiaoxian Museum, in March, 20001year, an excavator suddenly found an ancient tomb of the Qing Dynasty more than 4 meters underground while working at the construction site of Guanliyuan Community in the west of Dangshan City. The tomb is a large double coffin tomb. The two coffins are one meter apart, both in the north-south direction. Coffin No.1 lives in the east and is a large-scale "three coffins". There are two coffins outside, one inside, cedar, bronze paint, nanmu and orange paint. The outer coffin was partially decayed, and the middle coffin was 29 1 cm long, 2 18 cm wide and 149 cm high. The inner coffin is 24 1cm long, 70cm wide and 75cm high. There are two layers of lime about 40 cm thick between the inner coffin and the middle coffin, and a layer of cement about 30 cm thick outside the outer coffin. The second coffin is a single coffin in the west, and the body in the coffin has rotted.

Surprisingly, when people opened the coffin 1, a strange and rich fragrance emanated from it, which could be smelled hundreds of meters away from Fiona Fang. What is even more surprising is that a female corpse in the coffin was well preserved, just like when it was just buried. Black hair, bun on the back of the head, fair skin, full and elastic muscles, flexible joints and injections of muscles. The completeness of the corpse is rare in the archaeological history of Anhui and even China. The female corpse is 164 cm long and weighs 44 kg. She has well-proportioned limbs, slender figure, oval face and feet less than 15 cm, which can be described as "three inches golden lotus". Apply red nail polish to your nails. Is a stunning young woman.

The style of burial and the specifications of funerary objects are extraordinary.

The female corpse was covered with a towel and a silk mattress. She is dressed in four sets of clothes, namely, imperial clothes, supplementary clothes, swallow clothes and casual clothes. The patterns are dragons, dragons, bats and auspicious clouds. The "patch" on the patch is a picture of Kirin Bai Ze embroidered with gold thread, with exquisite embroidery and vivid modeling. Wearing a dark blue snow hat, navy boots and a silk scarf embroidered with peony, chrysanthemum and other patterns around her neck. The pattern is exquisite in color matching and exquisite in embroidery, and the viewers are all impressed. Moreover, among the recovered funerary objects, there are gold hairpin, gold earrings, gold hat badge, Buddha beads and so on. There are flowers and birds on the golden hairpin and carp jumping on the earrings. Experts can not only see the carp diving with its head held high, but also see the scales on the carp and the tiles on the dragon gate, with high magnification. The words "Yuanji" are engraved on the back of four gold wares, and their decoration is exquisite and meticulous, which is beyond the reach of ordinary craftsmen.

However, the most striking thing is that she has two fatal T-shaped scars on her throat. Director Su said: "The longitudinal wound is 9 cm, and the transverse wound is 12.3 cm. Appraised by medical experts, its deadly weapon should be a double-edged sword. " What's even more surprising is that there is a meat sac on her hip coccyx that looks like a tail. It is this meat sac that makes people associate her with the fragrant princess Qianlong.

Expert consultation to protect female corpse

In order to protect this rare "intact female corpse" in Anhui and even the whole country, Xiaoxian Museum invited eight medical experts from Xuzhou Medical College for consultation, and got in touch with Mr. Xu, an expert on the protection and treatment of female corpses in Mawangdui Han Tomb. Referring to his opinion, a set of protective treatment scheme was worked out-sealed with a glass coffin with a thickness of 10mm, and some antiseptic drugs, such as formalin, were put in it. Surprisingly, the physical protection was successful. But the next thing also embarrassed the experts. After the burial fabric was unearthed, due to the influence of light and wind, its color declined to varying degrees, and it was also damaged to varying degrees. Protecting these fabrics is also urgent. On May 22nd of that year, Xiaoxian Museum urgently invited four experts from Nanjing Museum to assist in the scientific protection of the clothes of the female corpse. To the excitement of experts, clothing protection has also achieved success.

After everything was handled properly, some puzzles that made experts most curious began to be put on the agenda. Who is this woman? Why were you killed? Why didn't the body rot after more than 200 years?

Is it ChristianRandPhillips? Or the wife of the murdered military attache at that time?

There are three legends about women's identity.

Director Su said: "In order to find out the identity of women, we don't know how many historical materials we have consulted and how many ordinary people we have visited, but until now the identity of women is still a mystery?" According to local legends, Director Su listed the following situations.

The first statement: When a military attache in the former Qing Dynasty was ordered to guard the border and passed Dangshan, thieves brutally killed his wife in order to prevent him from guarding the border. In order to appease the grieving military attache, the court ordered his wife to be reburied.

The second way of saying it: Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River and passed Dangshan Mountain. When he heard that there was a stunning beauty in the local area, he asked local officials to "invite" him. Qianlong was immediately fascinated by his beauty and ordered local officials to set up a palace for the night. After a while, Gan Long had to return to Beijing immediately because of something important. Before leaving, he told the woman that he would send someone to pick her up when he returned to Beijing. However, after returning to Beijing, she was told by her entourage in front of the Queen before she could meet her. The queen was worried that this woman's Chinese ancestry would infringe on the interests of the royal family, so she sent someone to kill her secretly. Gan Long was very sad when he learned about it, and asked for a heavy burial. And in order to give it a birthright, she handled the funeral as Mrs. Yipin.

The third statement: When Qianlong put down the unrest, he brought back a strange girl he admired to the court, but the woman was too strong-willed for Qianlong to get close to. Empresses such as the Empress Dowager and Empress are very worried about the safety of Qianlong, so one day they plan to transfer Qianlong and give her a death gift. When Ganlong knew it was too late to come back. Xiang Fei and a Dangshan woman she saved when she went down to the south of the Yangtze River-the maid who served Xiang Fei-have lost their breath. Grieving, Qianlong wanted to bury him in the royal cemetery, but because the queen mother didn't agree, he had to be buried in Dangshan, the girl's hometown.

"Buzi" shows a great position.

Director Su said that he prefers the second statement and is currently studying it. According to historical records, Dangshan Mountain was crossed after Ganlong's three trips to the south of the Yangtze River, and there is still a "yellow road" in Dangshan. It is said that this is the road that Qianlong once walked. Although the plot of the third statement is very attractive, according to archaeological research, a coffin with Islamic characters has been unearthed in the royal mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty in Zunhua, Hebei Province, which is ChristianRandPhillips's tomb. However, it is incomprehensible that as a princess loved by the emperor, there are not many funerary objects found in her tomb in Zunhua, Hebei Province.

Although the exact identity of the woman is unknown at present, she is obviously not an ordinary person in terms of her burial style, burial utensils, clothes and funerary objects. Curator Su said: As far as its tonic is concerned, the design is Kirin Bai Ze. According to the canon system of the Ming Dynasty, the auxiliary service system began in the early Ming Dynasty, and the front and back of the official service were decorated with silk scarves embroidered with towels, which were called "auxiliary service", representing official ranks and grades. In the Ming Dynasty, the prince was Kirin, and in the Qing Dynasty, he directly followed the official clothing form of the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, its "tonic" changed slightly. The prince is a python, and the military attache is a unicorn. According to experts' analysis, the tomb was in the early Qing Dynasty, and its husband should be a prominent official of the court, and his identity should be a military attache or a maharaja.

The body has not rotted since it was buried.

Under normal circumstances, a corpse will rot in less than half a month. Why is this body still intact after more than 200 years of history? Experts believe that the following reasons may be the reason why the body did not rot:

First of all, strict drug treatment was carried out during burial. Director Su said that when the coffin was opened, one fifth of it was Chinese medicine. And then disappear because you see the light and the wind. At present, the known drugs are musk, borneol, banksia rose, rush and so on. These drugs play the role of sterilization, disinfection and moisture absorption in the coffin. In addition, the surface of the body is coated with a layer of ivory wax-like medicine, and the thickest part of the waist reaches 3 mm. Although the thickness of the whole body is uneven, a layer of drug wax shell has been formed, which can not only kill bacteria and prevent them from invading the body, but also avoid the evaporation of water in the body, and play a role in sterilization, disinfection, moisturizing and preservation of the body itself.

Secondly, the burial utensils are good, buried deeply and sealed tightly. Judging from the burial tools, the coffin is made of nanmu and the coffin is made of cypress, all of which have the characteristics of hard wood, delicate texture and corrosion resistance. Judging from the four meters buried underground, the temperature is basically constant all year round. The coffin is divided into six layers of seals, and the air and moisture in the coffin are isolated from the outside world. These reasons make the coffin almost vacuum.

Once again, the body lost blood and water. Director Su said that the T-shaped scar on the woman's neck and all the arteries and veins were cut off, which led to blood loss, reduced a lot of water and inhibited the reproduction of bacteria. Finally, it can be seen from the burial clothes that the time of death and burial is cold winter, which also provides certain conditions for the body to be well preserved.

The excavation of female corpse is of great significance.

The excavation of the intact female corpse in Dangshan Tomb has attracted the attention of China Archaeological Research Institute, Nanjing Museum, Provincial Cultural Bureau and Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. It not only provides us with a successful example of corpse preservation, but also provides very rare physical materials for studying the history and preservation technology of the Qing Dynasty and the burial methods and methods in northern Anhui and Xuhuai areas. Therefore, it has high historical research value and scientific research value.

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