What are the customs, languages and cultures of Pakistan?

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, referred to as Pakistan for short, is located in the northwest of the South Asian subcontinent. It covers an area of 796,000 square kilometers. Population 1, 103 billion, with Punjab as the main ethnic group. Islamabad, the capital. 1951established diplomatic relations with China on June 26th.

Pakistan is one of the most popular countries in the Muslim world. Most people believe in Islam, and the living customs and diet of residents are deeply influenced by Islam, which is the state religion. There are mosques all over the country, among which the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, the ancient city, is the most famous. It is the representative work of the Mughal Dynasty (A.D. 1526- 1858) established by babur, a descendant of Mongols who converted to Islam. At that time, the Mughal dynasty ruled the subcontinent, which was a prosperous time for Muslims. The introduction of Islam into the subcontinent began in 7 1 1 year. Alcohol is absolutely forbidden in Pakistan. You can't buy any wine, even beer, let alone get drunk in restaurants or shops.

Pakistanis pay great attention to etiquette. When they meet, they should first say "Aslam Alegum", which means "God bless". If we meet again after a long separation, we often take hugs as gifts. Their embrace is unique. Generally, both sides hug once with their heads on the left, once with their thumbs on the right, once with their thumbs on the left, and so on three times. For close friends, VIPs or relatives who meet after a long separation, they usually wear garlands for each other. Some garlands are made of flowers and have a fragrance; Some are made of gold foil or silver foil and hung on the chest, shining. When meeting, shaking hands is a gift, but men can't shake hands when meeting women. Unless women reach out and don't touch women's bodies in public, they can only shake hands. Address Pakistanis by their surnames, plus their titles. Urdu is widely used, and English is the official language.

In Pakistan, Muslims are called "majority" according to their religious beliefs, and Hindu immigrants and Christians, who account for 3% of the population, are called "minority". In Pakistan, music also serves Islam. All over the country, there are professional teams, large and small, called "Gabari", which eulogize "Allah" and prophets and sages in the form of solo, duet, lead singer and backup singer. Pakistanis are forbidden to eat pork. They like beef, mutton and chickens and ducks. Generally do not smoke or drink, and women are not allowed to see guests. When eating, only male guests are invited, not wives. Even if you invite a Pakistani couple to dinner, his wife often doesn't attend. They don't even like to let women find jobs. Women seldom walk in the street, so shopping is mostly done by men. Many traditional foods are eaten by hand, but it should be noted that you can only use your right hand. From the outside, there is really a feeling of "man country" here. The marriage of young people is decided by both parents, and men and women are not allowed to meet before marriage. Even wedding banquets are separate for men and women.

Moreover, the entrances of male guests and female guests are also separated, which has become a state in which male guests surround the groom and female guests surround the bride. Therefore, male guests can't see the bride at all, and female guests can't see the groom. As for business banquets, they naturally become all men. However, there are exceptions. Senior businessmen studying in Europe and America, or those who are used to interacting with European and American businessmen, or those who marry white people can all see women at banquets. Therefore, when engaging in business contacts, we must understand this social life and customs. Otherwise, it is difficult to guarantee that it will not hurt each other's self-esteem and hinder business activities because of trivial matters. Most of the people in the management department grew up in the upper class, and most of them studied in Europe and America. The object of business activities is mainly people above the position of manager. Generally speaking, people below the manager position can't give a clear answer. You can't talk on the phone. You must visit each other in person and have a heart-to-heart talk before you can make progress. What's more, what you said is groundless. Therefore, any agreement must be made in writing. Because according to their habits, even if they get married, they have to sign a contract and collect a divorce deposit. In order to determine the responsibility, it is very important to leave written evidence.

Business activities, it is best to speak fluent English. Otherwise, it will be regarded as uneducated and despised. As a matter of fact, many excellent engineers got the cold shoulder because they didn't speak English very well. Pakistan has long been famous for its strict business negotiations. As a gift, people feel that businessmen here seem willing to negotiate. However, in this country, we must not deliberately give businessmen some color to see and stop negotiations. Patiently talking about friendship with them is the secret of business success. In Pakistan, everything is slow and patient.

More than 97% of Pakistanis are Muslims, and the main sources of meat are cattle, sheep and chickens. However, when slaughtering, it is necessary to read "Allah is the greatest" according to the provisions of Islamic law and slaughter according to regulations. Locals often drink cold water at the same time when eating, and it is best to eat and drink in restaurants. Don't drink until the water is boiled. The local vegetables and fruits are very rich.

According to customs regulations, alcohol, nude photos of women and pornographic magazines are prohibited in human environment. It is forbidden to bring out important cultural properties such as Buddha statues and Pakistani currency. Taxi must be negotiated in advance, and tourists who are not accompanied by a tour guide will be charged more. It is difficult for ordinary passengers to take city buses. Renting a car in a hotel is more expensive, but it's safe.

April-June is a hot and rainy summer, and activities stop completely. Islamic Eid al-Fitr is one of the major festivals of Pakistanis. The time is 65438+ 1 of the Islamic lunar calendar, and its grand and lively degree is similar to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality in China. During the month-long fasting period, productivity dropped significantly.

Because most Danes in Baki believed in Islam, they hugged or kissed in public in Yanji. They thought it was a sin to kiss in public, and they were fined and imprisoned for one week. In addition, when women are in the street, it is forbidden to turn their eyelids or "fly their eyes", and it is also forbidden for others to take pictures of themselves. Otherwise, she will be considered guilty of lewdness. In Pakistan, outsiders are not allowed to take pictures of women, even in places where there are women, such as villages, houses, Woods, rivers, small teams and so on. Outsiders are not allowed to take pictures. Pakistanis are generally used to taking a bath in a basin, rather than taking a bath in a basin and pool. They think the bath is not clean.

Pakistanis avoid sending handkerchiefs to relatives because handkerchiefs are used to wipe tears when they are sad. In Pakistan, the ominous numbers are 13 and 420. There are 200 cigarettes, or 50 cigars and 2 bottles of wine. The exit limit of domestic currency is 20 rupees, and the entry limit is 80 rupees. There are no restrictions on the entry of foreign currency. Please declare the amount first, and then you can take it out in full.

Pakistan has the sixth largest population in the world. Punjab has the highest population density, followed by Northwest Frontier Province, and Baluchistan has the lowest population density. The urban population is growing, accounting for nearly 30% of the total population. There are 4.2 million immigrants (2000).

According to the religious beliefs of the residents, the Pakistani government generally refers to Muslims as "majority", while Hindus, Christians and Zoroastrians, who account for only 3% of the national population, are referred to as "minorities". The concept of nationality here is different from that in China.

Kalash Customs

Around 327 BC, the descendants of the Greeks came to the Kalash Valley. In this long and narrow valley, Kalash people now live in three villages. The houses are all made of wood, engraved with patterns and antique. These houses are three or four hundred years old. On dresses, women wear black robes, black headscarves, agates, buttons and red feathers in winter and summer. They use apricots and mulberries to make wine. Qiuying Temple Festival is solemn and grand, but only men can attend, and women can't go in. Kalash people still believe in God and the Twelve Angels.

Jinnah hat and mask

In addition to white trousers and various coats, Pakistani men wear a fur hat called "Jinnahao" in winter. Even in the hot summer, women wear robes, and when they go out, they wear "masks" that leave only a few holes in their eyes or look like knitted "meshes".

Dietary customs

Pakistanis like spicy food. Their curry products made of pepper and turmeric are world famous. Pakistanis, regardless of vegetarian dishes, stew them thoroughly in pots or pressure cookers instead of cooking them. It is their habit to eat with their right hand. The staple food is a kind of wheat pancake called "Chabati", and you usually have the habit of chewing betel nut.

Tu hong Xin nian

On New Year's Day, Pakistanis always like to wear red powder to go out. After seeing friends and relatives say "Happy Chinese New Year", they will paint red powder on each other's foreheads to show good luck. This is the so-called "painting red for the New Year".

Common diseases and medical conditions

Pakistan's medical situation is poor, and there is no complete medical system and medical insurance system. There are two kinds of hospitals: public hospitals and private hospitals. Public hospitals charge little, mainly for ordinary citizens, but the environment is poor, the equipment is poor and the medical level is low. Private hospitals have advanced equipment and high medical level, but the fees are relatively expensive compared with the average income of local people.

Due to the imperfect water supply system, long-term disrepair of pipelines, long-term water shortage, serious pollution, acidic water quality and high bacterial content in local cities, it is easy to cause intestinal diseases and cannot be directly drunk. Due to water shortage, urban greening is extremely low, air dust content is high, and there are many flies and mosquitoes. In addition, the medical system is not perfect, ordinary people lack basic health knowledge, and are prone to many diseases, such as gastrointestinal diseases, cholera, lung diseases, tuberculosis, liver diseases, congenital poliomyelitis and so on. At the beginning of 2006, several cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus were also found in the north. To this end, with the help of the International Health Organization, the government has established a research center for the prevention of avian influenza virus in Islamabad, the capital, and established early warning and primary prevention mechanisms in various provinces.

Price and supply

Karachi is well supplied with all kinds of commonly used commodities, and the prices are not high. The name of Pakistani currency is rupee, with 7.5 rupees equivalent to 1 yuan and 60 rupees equivalent to 1 dollar. Short-term visit, no need to bring common items.

Transportation and travel

Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan, and the daytime temperature is above 30 degrees all the year round. There are taxis for short trips and trains and planes for long trips. There are direct flights from China International Airlines to Beijing, and there are also flights from pakistan international airlines Company to Beijing via the capital Islamabad. You can also fly from Karachi to Islamabad and transfer to China Southern Airlines to Urumqi. From the city to the airport, it is best to take a taxi with better safety and a wireless walkie-talkie. Don't take buses and old taxis. Their safety and comfort are poor, and they have no air conditioning.

Public holidays

1. Working days and rest days

Pakistani government departments go to work every Monday to Friday morning, rest on Friday afternoon, go to work normally on Saturday and continue to rest on Sunday. Working hours on weekdays are generally from 9 am to 3 pm.

2. Public holidays

(1) Eid al-Fitr is the most important festival in Pakistan, which changes every year after Ramadan. In 2003, it was165438+1October 26-27.

(2) Youm-e-Ashura (March 13- 14), commonly known as "Yom Kippur Day".

③ Pakistan Day, March 23rd every year.

(4) Eid al-Fitr Milad-un-Nabi (1May 4), the birthday of Prophet Muhammad.

(5) Pakistan's Independence Day, which falls on August 14 every year.

(6) EID-ul-Azha, also known as "Eid-ul-Azha", was on February 12- 13, 2003.

(7) Quaid-e-azzam's birthday, the birthday of the founding father Jinnah, 65438+February 25th.