What are the three major film festivals in Europe?

Venice Film Festival—St. Mark’s Golden Lion

Origin and Meaning:

The Venice Film Festival “opened” in 1932 is the world’s first film festival , it was 14 years earlier than the Cannes Film Festival and 19 years earlier than the Berlin Film Festival. For two weeks from the end of August to the beginning of September every year, the Italian water city of Venice is the focus of the world's film industry.

At the beginning, the main awards of the festival were divided into "Best Foreign Film", "Best Italian Film", "Best Director", "Best Actor" and "Best Actress". The first Venice Film Festival did not have a fixed jury. The audience voted for their favorite movies and actors. The results were all strange. Even Mickey Mouse was voted for best actor.

The Venice Film Festival was once controlled by the fascist government, and the trophy was called the "Mussolini Cup". The Venice Film Festival truly formed its own style after it was relaunched in 1946. French film master Jean Renoir's "Southerners" won the "Best International Film Award". Since then, "Manon" and "The Revenge of the Prince" have won awards one after another, showing the extraordinary artistic atmosphere of the film festival. In 1949, the film festival officially renamed the highest award "Best International Film" to the "St. Mark's Golden Lion Award"; in 1953, the "Best Italian Film" was withdrawn and the "St. Mark's Silver Lion Award" was added, showing that Venice films The festival has international and artistic ambitions.

Historical influence:

The Venice Film Festival is the world's first international film festival and is known as the "Father of International Film Festivals".

The biggest feature of the Venice Film Festival is its independent principle and adventurous spirit. Its purpose is "films serve serious art" and the judging criterion is "artistic". The Venice Film Festival is known for its "new, strange and fast" discovery of directors, and is known as the "cradle of film masters". It has discovered the great names of Asian films such as Akira Kurosawa, Kenji Mizoguchi, and Satyajit Ray. The awarding of the award to Akira Kurosawa's "Rashomon" in 1951 was the first time that Westerners focused on Eastern films.

Berlin International Film Festival - Golden Bear Award

Origin and meaning:

Berlin International Film Festival, Cannes Film Festival and Venice Film Festival are collectively known as the three major international film festivals. It was founded in 1951 in West Berlin, the border between East and West. It was originally held from late June to late July every year. Since 1978, it has been held from late February to early March every year. The film festival lasts for 2 weeks. Since the emblem of Berlin is a bear, the Berlin Film Festival's grand prize is called the Golden Bear. In addition to the competition section, the festival also includes non-competition films and youth films as well as various retrospectives.

Formerly known as the West Berlin International Film Festival, it is one of the top international film festivals in Europe. It was initiated by Alfred Bauer in the early 1950s and received support and help from the then Federal German government and the film industry. The first session was held in West Berlin from the end of June to the beginning of July 1951.

Award setting:

The main awards of the Berlin International Film Festival include the "Golden Bear Award" and the "Silver Bear Award". The "Golden Bear Award" is awarded to the best feature film, documentary, scientific and educational film, and artistic film; the "Silver Bear Award" is awarded to the best director, actor or actress, screenwriter, music, photography, art, youth work or feature film with special achievements. In addition, there are International Criticism Awards, Special Jury Awards, etc. In the 1980s, 30 to 40 countries and regions participated every year, and 200 to 300 films were screened. The film festival is held annually. Since 1978, in order to compete with the Cannes International Film Festival in France, it has been held for two weeks from the end of February to the beginning of March.

Historical influence:

The Berlin Film Festival has played a great role in promoting the dialogue and exchange between Eastern and Western films, and its international influence is also growing.

Cannes Film Festival - Palme d'Or

Origin and meaning:

Cannes Film Festival (Festival De Cannes), also known as Cannes Film Festival or Cannes Film Festival Festival, one of the most influential film festivals in the world, is one of the top five international film festivals determined by the International Film Federation, together with the Berlin Film Festival in Germany, the Venice Film Festival in Italy, the Montreal Film Festival in Canada, and the Karlovy Vary Film Festival in the Czech Republic. Festival.

The film festival began in 1946 and is held every spring in Cannes, a small town in southern France. The festival was suspended twice in 1948 and 1949, and again in 1968 due to the May storms in France.

The film festival has established multiple awards. The highest award was the "Golden Duck Award" before 1957. Since 1957, it has been changed to the "Palme d'Or". This is also a very important award in the international film industry every year. . In addition, the Special Jury Award is also an important award at the film festival.