What are the main features of artistic beauty?

As the highest form of aesthetic subject-object relationship, artistic beauty includes two aspects. On the one hand, art reflects the objective social life; on the other hand, art embodies the artist's subjective aesthetic ideal and emotional desire. That is to say, artistic beauty has both objective and subjective factors, which penetrate and blend with each other through the creative work of artists and materialize into artistic works with artistic images. Therefore, the main features of artistic beauty focus on the following basic features: visualization, subjectivity, aesthetics and so on.

(A) the artistic beauty of the image

One of the basic characteristics of artistic beauty is imagery. In other words, artistic image is a special form in which art reflects life. The so-called visualization means that any works of art should have vivid and concrete artistic images and have certain ornamental value. Plekhanov once said that art "expresses people's feelings and their thoughts, but it is not an abstract expression, but a vivid image." . This is the most important feature of art. "The image created by each specific art category has its own different characteristics, such as painting, sculpture, photography and calligraphy to create visual images, music to create auditory images, drama, film and television to create comprehensive images, and language art to create literary images that cannot be directly felt. But in any case, visualization is indispensable for any kind of art and is the basic feature of artistic beauty.

Artistic image is the unity of content and form. Artistic beauty should have profound ideological connotation and perfect artistic form, and the organic unity of the two can have amazing artistic charm. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Rodin, a famous French sculptor, was invited to create a statue for Balzac, a great writer who died. Rodin personally went to Balzac's hometown, read a lot of relevant information, and even made a special trip to find the tailor who made Balzac's clothes that year. After such hard preparation, Rodin finally had the impulse and inspiration to create, and chose the image of Balzac writing in pajamas at night as the outline of the statue. Abandoning all the details, the great writer put on robes, and focused the audience's attention on the head of the statue, especially Balzac's bright eyes, which further highlighted the unique temperament of this great critical realism writer. Rodin's "Balzac Statue" highlights the inner spiritual temperament of this great writer with simple and concise artistic techniques. Through the perfect unity of content and form, it really reached a miraculous peak on the basis of similarity, making this statue a world famous work.

Artistic image is the unity of individuality and * * *. Looking at the vast works of art in Chinese and foreign art treasures, all successful artistic images have distinct and unique personalities, and at the same time they are rich and extensive, thus making artistic beauty immortal. The unity of individuality and * * * in artistic beauty is the most concentrated embodiment of artistic modeling. The so-called artistic model is a typical image with distinctive personality and universal significance created by artists with typicality. For example, the artistic image of Ah Q created by Mr. Lu Xun is a rare artistic model in the treasure house of modern literature in China. The character Ah Q not only has a distinct personality, but also reflects the national characteristics of the whole nation in his specific era. In front of a typical figure like Ah Q, no one can be indifferent. He will shock people and wake them up.

(B) the subjectivity of artistic beauty

Another basic feature of artistic beauty is subjectivity. As mentioned above, art, as a special social ideology, and artistic production, as a special spiritual production, determine that artistic beauty must have the characteristics of subjectivity. There is no doubt that artistic beauty comes from and reflects real life. But this kind of reflection is by no means a simple "imitation" or "reappearance", but it is integrated into the thoughts and feelings of the creative subject and even the appreciation subject, which reflects very distinct creativity and innovation. Therefore, subjectivity, as one of the basic characteristics of artistic beauty, is not only reflected in artistic creation, but also in artistic appreciation.

On the one hand, artistic creation is subjective. Artistic production is a special spiritual production, and artistic creation is a creative labor. As the creative subject, artists play a decisive role in artistic creation. The subjectivity of artistic creation is reflected in the initiative and originality of artists' creative activities. Faced with a vast sea of life materials, artists must select, refine, process and transform their own strong subjective factors such as thoughts, emotions, wishes and ideals into works of art. It is this initiative of artistic creation that inevitably marks every work of art as the creative subject. Artistic creation is more original, and any excellent works of art should be unique and unrepeatable. Perhaps this is the most fundamental difference between products produced by art and products produced by matter. Every excellent work always embodies the artist's personal subjective color and unique artistic pursuit, embodies the artist's distinctive creative style and artistic personality, and has strong creative and innovative characteristics. Because of the originality of art, writers and artists can create different works even if they face the same theme. In the 1920s, two essayists, Zhu Ziqing and Yu Pingbo, visited Qinhuai River together, and each wrote an essay of the same name, Qinhuai River under the Sound of Paddle. These two essays not only have the same material scope, the same time and place, but also the same proposition. However, these two essays have their own distinctive artistic features, and both have become the representative works of China's modern prose. It is precisely because the two writers are facing the same scenery, because the aesthetic feelings of different themes are different, and the pursuit of artistic style is different, which makes these two essays branded with creative themes have different artistic characteristics.

On the other hand. Art appreciation also has subjective characteristics. There are similarities and differences in aesthetic feeling; It has both social utility and personal intuition, and has different personality characteristics. Art appreciation, in particular, is not a passive acceptance, but an active aesthetic re-creation activity carried out by readers, audiences and listeners with the help of works of art. Because the life experience of the appreciator is different, the aesthetic ability and artistic accomplishment are also different, and the aesthetic feeling has formed a distinct personality difference, and art appreciation has also been branded as the subject of appreciation. Because of this, westerners often say that "there are 1000 readers, there are 1000 Hamlet", and we often say that "there are 1000 readers, there are 1000 Lin Daiyu".

(C) the aesthetic essence of artistic beauty

The third basic feature of artistic beauty is aesthetics. From the perspective of artistic production, any artistic work must meet the following two conditions: first, it must be the product of human artistic production; Secondly, there must be aesthetic value, that is, aesthetics. It is these two points that distinguish art from all other non-artistic works and artistic beauty from natural beauty.

As the product of artists' creative labor, artistic beauty is more concentrated and typical than the beauty in real life, which can fully meet people's aesthetic needs. Artistic beauty pays attention to form, but it is not divorced from content. Artistic aesthetics is the organic unity of content beauty and form beauty. Art lies in innovation. With the continuous development of artistic practice, the law of formal beauty is constantly changing and developing. However, no matter how it changes, the formal beauty of art is inseparable from the content beauty of art, because the formal beauty of art lies in its vivid expression of content. Take the world-famous Sydney Opera House as an example. This expensive building, which lasted 65,438+05 years, has a unique design and deliberately pursues the beauty of shape and form. From a distance, it looks like a fleet sailing in the wind; from a close distance, it looks like a group of huge shells; from the air, it looks like a huge Bai Lianhua. It really has unique formal beauty and unique modeling beauty. At the same time, as a product of the combination of contemporary art and modern science and technology, Sydney Opera House embodies the architectural concept with contemporary colors and becomes a famous environmental art or a typical work of organic architecture. Wu Zhong, its designer and Danish architect, believes that modern architecture should be subordinate to the natural environment and advocates the "organic architecture" theory. He believes that architecture should be organically integrated with the surrounding environment, just as it naturally "grows". The design and construction of the Sydney Opera House on the beach, whether like sailboats, shells or Bai Lianhua, are integrated with the vast waves of the sea, showing the charm of "organic architecture". The example of Sydney Opera House fully proves that the aesthetics of art is the organic unity of content beauty and form beauty.

At the same time, the aesthetic essence of artistic beauty is the crystallization of truth, goodness and beauty. The reason why artistic beauty is higher than realistic beauty is precisely because truth, goodness and beauty in real life are condensed into artistic works through the creative work of artists. The "truth" in art does not mean the truth of life, but the truth of life needs to be sublimated into the truth of art through the creative labor and refining of artists, that is, "turning truth into beauty". The "goodness" in art is not moral preaching, but using the artistic image of flesh and blood to influence people and to feel people, that is, "turning goodness into beauty". The Hollywood blockbuster Titanic does not stick to the real shipwreck in the ice sea, but takes the love of a young man and a woman who met on a giant cruise ship as the main clue, focusing on the story that the protagonist left his hope for life to his lover when he was about to sink. It is through the combination of romantic films and disaster films that this film makes full use of the achievements of modern high technology and tries to impress people's deep desire for truth, goodness and beauty, thus winning the love of hundreds of millions of audiences all over the world and making huge box office gains. Obviously, the aesthetics of art is the source of great charm of works of art.

After long-term artistic practice, human beings have created various artistic forms and incomparably rich artistic works. Many aestheticians and art theorists at home and abroad have studied the genre and classification of art, and put forward various classification principles or specific classifications according to the artistic practice at that time. For example, China's ancient literary theory "Preface to Mao Shi" divided China's classical art into three different categories: poetry, song and dance, while Aristotle in ancient Greece distinguished painting from music, tragedy from comedy, epic from drama according to the different media, objects and methods of art. In modern times, the theory of art classification has matured, forming an art classification system with different sides and different purposes. We believe that, in essence, works of art convey the artist's aesthetic experience and consciousness in a materialized way. Therefore, according to the aesthetic principle of art classification, we should take the material existence mode of art form and the content characteristics of aesthetic consciousness as the fundamental basis. On this basis, we can divide art into five categories: plastic arts (painting, sculpture, photography and calligraphy), practical arts (architecture, gardens and practical crafts), expressive arts (music and dance), literary arts (poetry, prose and novels) and comprehensive arts (drama, opera, movies and television).