Introduction to cystography

Contents 1 Pinyin 2 English reference 3 Operation name 4 Indications for cystography 5 Contraindications for cystography 6 Preparation 7 Method 7.1 1. Photography*** 7.2 2. Photography procedure 8 Notes 1 Pinyin< /p>

páng guāng zào yǐng 2 English reference

Cystography 3 Procedure name

Cystography 4 Indications

Cystography is suitable for:

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1. Bladder tumors, diverticula, stones, tuberculosis, chronic inflammation and their accompanying contractures.

2. Fistula.

3. Functional bladder disease.

4. Patent urachal, cyst, ureteral reflux, ureterocele and other congenital malformations.

5. Extravesical pressure lesions. 5 Contraindications

1. Severe hematuria.

2. Urinary system infection.

3. Urinary tract stricture.

4. Allergy to iodine contrast agent.

5. Severe heart, liver, kidney dysfunction and other serious systemic diseases. 6 Preparation

1. Patient preparation

(1) Empty the bladder before imaging.

(2) Before iodine injection, necessary treatment should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Pharmacopoeia.

2. Contrast agent preparation? The contrast agent is 10% to 15% ionic or non-ionic contrast agent with corresponding iodine content, and its dosage is 200 to 300ml.

3. Preparation before photography

(1) Carefully check the X-ray examination application form, understand the condition, and clarify the purpose of the examination and the location for photography. Application forms that are unclear about the purpose of the examination and the location for photography should be approved and confirmed by the clinician.

(2) Select the appropriate size film and cassette according to the inspection site.

(3) X-ray photo marks (including patient film number, date, serial number of contrast photo, *** left and right marks, etc.) must be complete and approved.

(4) Start up and warm up, formulate and adjust photography conditions.

(5) Remove items that may cause artifacts from the patient’s examination area. 7 Method 7.1 1. Photography***

(1) Anteroposterior position of the bladder: The patient lies supine on the photography table, both lower limbs are straightened, the midsagittal plane of the human body is perpendicular to the table and coincides with the midline of the long axis of the cassette. Place your arms at your sides.

(2) The center line is injected vertically into the center of the film through 4cm above the pubic symphysis.

(3) Right posterior oblique position of the bladder: The patient lies supine on the photography table, and the left side of the body is elevated to take the right posterior oblique position. The coronal plane and the table surface are approximately 45°, and the longitudinal position is 5cm from the left edge of the pubic symphysis. The line coincides with the center line of the table.

(4) The center line passes 4cm above the pubic symphysis and then 5cm to the left vertically into the film.

(5) Left posterior oblique position of the bladder: The patient lies supine on the photography table, and the right side of the body is elevated to take the left posterior oblique position. The coronal plane and the table surface are approximately 45°, and the longitudinal position is 5cm from the right edge of the pubic symphysis. The line coincides with the center line of the table.

(6) The center line is vertically injected into the film 4cm above the pubic symphysis and then 5cm to the right.

(7) Use filters.

(8) The photography distance is 100cm. 7.2 2. Photography procedure

(1) Take a plain film of the bladder area before imaging.

(2) After the contrast agent is injected into the bladder, the anterior and posterior views of the bladder area, the right posterior oblique position of the bladder, and the left posterior oblique position of the bladder are taken in sequence. If necessary, take photos in the lateral or prone position.

(3) Based on clinical needs, decide whether the cystogram includes the external urethra.

(4) The photography technician must carefully fill in the relevant items and technical parameters of the inspection application form and sign it. 8 Precautions

1. Urinary catheters and other imaging equipment must be prepared and operated by urologists.

2. When symptoms of iodine allergy occur during angiography, follow the clinician’s instructions, terminate the examination, and cooperate with treatment.

3. Prevent and treat the following complications

(1) Complications of iodine allergy: laryngeal edema, laryngeal and bronchial spasm, pulmonary edema, shock, acute renal failure, etc.