Terminology of ultra-total photography

Terminology of ultra-total photography

hole

A device used to control the amount of light passing through the lens and entering the photosensitive surface of the fuselage. Usually, in the lens, we use the "f" value to represent the aperture size. For the manufactured lens, we can't change the diameter of the lens at will, but we can control the luminous flux of the lens by adding a polygon or circular aperture grating with variable area inside the lens. This device is called an aperture.

shutter

Shutter is the mechanism used by camera to control the effective exposure time of photosensitive film, and it is an important part of camera. Its structure, form and function are important factors to measure the grade of a camera. Generally speaking, the larger the shutter time range, the better. The camera relies on this device to control the shutter time, thus controlling the amount of light entering the camera, which is indicated by "S".

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO sensitivity is simply the sensitivity of photosensitive elements to light. The higher the ISO, the more sensitive the photosensitive element is to light. The more exposure, the brighter the picture and the higher the noise, which will affect the picture quality. On the contrary, the lower the ISO, the darker the picture, the less noise, the clearer and more textured it is.

focal distance

The focal length of a lens is generally in millimeters (mm), which can be simply understood as: 1. The shorter the focal length (wide-angle lens), the smaller the number, the larger the field of view, the wider the framing range, and the more scenes taken, the smaller the proportion of scenes in the picture. 2. The longer the focal length (telephoto lens), the larger the number, the smaller the field of view, the narrower the framing range, the fewer scenes photographed, and the greater the proportion of scenes in the picture.

Main lens

The focal length of a fixed-focus lens cannot be changed, while a zoom lens can change the focal length within a certain range. Generally, the fixed focus ratio is short and there is only one zoom ring.

zoom lens

Zoom lens is a kind of camera lens that can change the focal length in a certain range, so as to get different wide and narrow fields of view, different images and different scene ranges. Zoom lens can change the shooting range by changing the focal length without changing the shooting distance, so it is very beneficial to picture composition.

Three stories

Big ternary lens refers to the general name of three zoom lenses with constant aperture F28. These three lenses are super wide angle, telephoto and standard zoom. Together, it can cover the common focal length from super wide angle to telephoto, so it is called big ternary.

Xiaosanyuan

Small ternary lens refers to the floorboard of three zoom lenses with constant F4 aperture. One is super wide angle, the other is telephoto, and the other is standard zoom. Together, it can cover the common focal length from super wide angle to telephoto, so it is called small ternary.

depth of field

When taking a picture with a camera, the clear part of the picture is the depth of field. Depth of field classification: 1. Shallow depth of field: it is mostly used to shoot portraits and highlight the main body of the characters. 2. Large depth of field: mostly used for natural scenery, highlighting details. Three elements of depth of field: aperture, focal length and shooting distance. Depth of field formula: 1. The larger the aperture, the shallower the depth of field. 2. The longer the focal length, the shallower the depth of field. 3. The closer the shooting distance, the shallower the depth of field.

Exposure; expose

That is, "photo brightness", exposure is mainly affected by aperture, shutter and sensitivity. We can control the brightness of photos by controlling the three elements of exposure. In addition, it can be adjusted by adjusting exposure compensation and focusing mode.

Out of focus

Out-of-focus is the phenomenon that the focus determined by SLR camera through autofocus system deviates from the actual focus. Paying attention to the accuracy of focusing is one of the important factors to evaluate whether a photo is scrapped or not. Accurate focusing can ensure clear photos, and one of the most important factors is out of focus.

Overexposure

In photography, exposure is achieved by adjusting the aperture size and shutter speed. If the scene in the photo is too bright, the bright part has no layers and details, which is overexposed. If the environment is too dark and the photos are dark and can't truly reflect the color of the scene, it is underexposure.

change colour

It is caused by lens scattering. Due to the wavelength difference of different colors of light, blurred or obvious color edges (red, green, blue, yellow, purple, magenta) may appear around the objects in the image, especially in the case of high contrast, which is called chromatic aberration.

Bloody eyes

In the dark scene, turn on the flash to fill the light, while in the dark condition, in order to see things around, people's pupils will be enlarged a lot. Sudden strong light will make the pupil shrink too late, all the light will enter the human eye, and then the light reflected by the blood vessels on the iris will enter the camera lens, making the human eye in the photo appear red, which is what we call "red eye".

shade cloth

It is used to block the sun and the sun, and it is functional. It is usually used with other fabrics to cover articles and avoid contact with strong light, which has the function of blocking strong light and ultraviolet rays.

lens flare

Strong non-imaging light from the sun or artificial light source will actually produce lens glare after entering the lens and then hitting the digital sensor of the camera. When light bounces around the camera's sensor, it will produce unwanted objects. Those "objects" are what we call lens halos.

Single autofocus

AF-S single autofocus mode, the camera immediately stops focusing and locks the focus after completing a focusing job, and the focus area will not change due to the movement of the subject. According to the characteristics of single autofocus, it is often used to shoot relatively static subjects, such as still life props, environmental scenery, portraits and so on.

Continuous autofocus

Aperture priority mode is semi-manual mode. When using this mode, you choose the aperture you want, and the camera chooses the appropriate shutter speed to realize the correct exposure of the photo. To switch the camera to aperture priority, turn the dial at the top of the camera to "A".

Intelligent autofocus

Intelligent autofocus means that the camera can automatically select the mode according to the state (still or moving) of the subject, and select single autofocus when the subject is still and continuous autofocus when the subject is moving. Usage scene: children and pets, represented by AF-A.

Manual focus

Intelligent autofocus means that the camera can automatically select the mode according to the state (still or moving) of the subject, and select single autofocus when the subject is still and continuous autofocus when the subject is moving. Usage scene: children and pets, represented by AF-A.