Where was the door of the big house taken?

Recently, the 40 episodes of TV series "Dazhaimen" broadcast on CCTV have not only been well received by TV viewers because of its ups and downs, distinctive characterization and Beijing-style Zhaimen culture, but also attracted wide attention from people in the radio and television industry because of its first use of high-definition cameras in China.

One of the most important features in the production of Da Zhai Men is the adoption of the world's most advanced technical equipment-Sony HD camcorder HDW-F900, and the whole process of shooting TV series. As the world's first frame/field scanning switchable HD camcorder, HDW-F900 can record not only the progressive scanning format of 23.976 /24/25/29.97 /30P, but also the interlaced scanning format of 50/59.94/60i, which fully conforms to the ITU recommended standards for HDTV production and international program exchange. Due to the adoption of digital signal transmission technology, it has stronger anti-interference performance than ordinary analog signal transmission, and the quality of HDW-F900 can be comparable to that of traditional 35mm and 16mm 24-frame film movies. These remarkable features make the filmmakers of "Da Zhai Men" pay attention to the shooting of movie scenes while shooting TV series, and prepare to edit the existing material into a 2-3-hour HD movie version. Therefore, "Da Zhai Men" is not only a high-definition TV series, but also a TV movie made by a high-definition digital system.

1. Early equipment selection and flexible use of high-definition cameras

The choice of pre-shooting equipment directly affects the quality of program production. It is the lifelong wish of the famous director Guo Baochang to shoot the TV series "Da Zhai Men". In order to shoot this drama well, all the crew members are meticulous about every detail, especially the equipment selection in the early stage, and finally decided to buy two Sony HDW-F900 for the early stage shooting. Tan Xiangjiang, the producer of "Da Zhai Men", told reporters that it is a challenge and a beneficial attempt for them to shoot such a long TV series with high-definition digital system. For example, when considering whether to adopt the format of 1080/60i or 1080/50i when shooting, they not only referred to the digital studio standard issued by our country, but also compared the down-converted signal images generated by the two formats. Through the subjective observation of human eyes under the same conditions, the signal broadcast transmitted by 1080/60i system to PAL standard definition video tape is better than 65433. By comparing several different brands of equipment, they feel that Sony HDW-F900 HD camera has many advantages. It can not only support a variety of progressive or interlaced TV signal formats, but also conform to the usage habits of traditional TV cameras, with convenient action and high machine reliability. At the same time, the camera system has also been recognized by international peers. In the filming of Star Wars series, the famous director george lucas used Sony HDW-F900 to shoot.

The early shooting method of "Da Zhai Men" is very different from the traditional camera system. Only one HDW-F900 was used in the whole shooting process, and the cameraman was a photographer with considerable film shooting experience. In terms of picture composition and framing, we should conform to the visual habit of 16∶9 wide viewing angle, because it is easier to realize the originality of artistic composition than film recording. In addition, there are many auxiliary devices, such as shading barrel, color filter, dimming ring, pan/tilt, etc., which are used in line with film quality.

The high-definition camera itself can provide many image processing functions. Without additional signal processing, the high-definition camera can get a very natural and smooth skin color. . If the light is used properly, high definition can create images with appropriate light and shade, which is completely similar to film. Therefore, in the process of shooting, I experienced the visual impact brought by high quality, large viewing angle and high information, especially some magnificent scenes, which gave people a feeling close to classic film art. For example, in the monitor, the hair of hair can sometimes be counted, and under the illumination of lights, dust in the air can be seen flying in the picture.

Second, the late rapid production and skill application

The 47-minute post-production of 40 episodes only takes 50 days, which is also a breakthrough in the post-production of TV series, not to mention the post-packaging of HDTV. The required special effects equipment and editing control equipment are only preliminary attempts. Moreover, before CCTV was ready to broadcast, it passed the technical review at one time, and the technical review Committee unanimously admitted that the picture was clear and there was no trace of such a large amount of information. Bao Hongliang, the technical coordinator of the play, told reporters that they used offline editing in the post-packaging, and the notes taken in the early stage were very serious. More than 200 boxes (43 minutes each) of materials are all planned and arranged in detail in the computer. First, edit offline, compress the collected materials by 20∶ 1, and use the hard disk capacity of up to 8×73G to input all the materials into the multimedia workstation. The two workstations edit the Ming and Qing dramas respectively, and all the previous materials are edited on the hard disk. Finally, the EDL tables are output from the workstation respectively. Then edit online, copy the EDL table to Sony BVE2000 digital switchboard, control the editing system of 1 to 1, and edit all the direct shots. Then use the two editing systems of 1 controlled by Sony BVE-700 editing switchboard for simple stunt packaging, thus completing the production of HD master tapes. HD programs are down-converted into two versions of SD video (D-Betacam video), one is recorded at the same time, and the other is post-produced, such as titles, movies, program previews, etc.

In order to make such a large number of materials and complex scenes easy to modify on the workstation, mixing is done by using two sets of audio workstations at the same time. One is used for initial restoration, mainly for post-production of music, and the other is used for fine restoration, mainly for clever handling of dynamic effects, lines and other nuances. The music of the play also adopts the style of the film, and adopts music that conforms to the background and atmosphere of the times. The priority changes with the plot, the theme is more prominent and the story is more attractive.

Three. Summary of production experience and new challenges

After the completion of "Da Zhai Men", both artistically and technically, it had a strong response in the industry. Shooting high-definition TV programs not only gives people a pleasing feeling in image vision, but also opens up a new way for TV program creation and long-term economic benefits. Compared with the traditional standard definition equipment shooting, although the cost of using high-definition equipment is more, the final result is a high-definition tape with a picture quality close to 35 mm film, and the value created by data retention and reuse is much higher than that of the standard definition version of the program tape. In addition, it is also very economical and convenient to compress DVD, VCD disk or VHS video tape with "HD master" after the production of the program. If HDTV is officially broadcast in the future, the original tapes can be played on TV channels, which not only retains the most perfect quality, but also increases the broadcasting and distribution income.

Sony HDW-F900 HD camera provides high definition, rich layers and special depth of field. If you use the right light and know how to use the various digital image processors in the machine, it is not difficult to make HD look like a photo taken on film. In particular, the tolerance of high-definition in highlights and shadows is relatively large, which is far from being comparable to film shooting. At present, the audience only sees ordinary clear images. Due to the production technology of TV screens and projection projectors, high-definition images cannot be completely presented. The advantages of 1920× 1080 pixels and progressive scanning digital video can be fully reproduced only by converting high-definition images into 35mm copies and projecting them on the big screen of the cinema. Therefore, China Television Co., Ltd. held consultations with the Film Research Institute to select the clips suitable for playing in cinemas. After some audiences have adapted and given feedback, the director will cut the HD movie version of "Da Zhai Men" on the basis of the existing materials, and consider whether it meets the tastes of European and American audiences, and strive to make the film release hit a new high again. The high-definition system is still in the primary development stage, and the effect may be uneven, but the experience of behind-the-scenes technicians and the level of digital film transfer are the key points. When all the necessary equipment is completed and the staff fully grasp its application and characteristics, the potential of "high definition" will be brought into greater play. It is reported that China TV Co., Ltd. is using Sony HDW-F900 to shoot a series of special topics on the world's natural and cultural heritage, and the second high-definition TV series "Granary in the World" is also being actively prepared to further enrich and develop China's high-definition TV programs.

As the world's leading system integrator, Sony is striving to promote the development of global HDTV production. From pre-shooting to post-production, Sony can not only provide a full set of high-definition equipment, but also provide system solutions according to the different needs of customers. The production of high-definition TV series "Da Zhai Men" is only a test of the performance of Sony's high-definition shooting equipment. According to the present situation of digital development and the Tenth Five-Year Plan of China State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, high-definition TV and high-definition digital cinema will be gradually realized in the future. Sony will actively cooperate with the production of domestic HDTV programs and reserve the sources of HDTV programs. Trying to develop and produce high-definition programs will bring great impetus to the development of TV technology. After the popularization of "digital cinema", it is believed that the whole film and television shooting and distribution technology will undergo revolutionary changes again.