Methods and steps of planting corn (the simplest step of planting corn)

Corn is an important food crop and feed crop in China, belonging to the genus Panicum. At the same time, corn has always b

Methods and steps of planting corn (the simplest step of planting corn)

Corn is an important food crop and feed crop in China, belonging to the genus Panicum. At the same time, corn has always been called longevity food, which is rich in protein, vitamins and cellulose and has high planting value. So, when will the corn be planted? How to plant it? The planting time and method of corn are introduced as follows.

First, the planting time of corn

Corn is divided into spring corn and autumn corn according to different planting time. Spring corn is sown in late April and early May, and can be harvested at the end of August. Autumn corn should be sown no later than the middle of July, and harvested in the middle and late days of 65438+ 10. According to the morphological characteristics, growth characteristics and physiological characteristics of corn, the whole life of corn can be divided into several different growth stages, and each stage includes different growth stages, each with its own characteristics and close relationship.

Second, the planting method of corn

1. Seed treatment: After sowing, the corn seeds irradiated by sunlight absorb water quickly, germinate early, emerge neatly and have high emergence rate, Miao Zhuang.

2. Soaking and dressing seeds: Soaking seeds with clear water is mainly to replenish water and promote germination. Seed soaking with chemical agents mainly includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace elements. However, if the soaking concentration is too high or the soaking time is too long, the seeds are easy to be poisoned and the germination rate is reduced. Seed dressing with pesticides can control pests and diseases. Seed coating agent is a layer of medicine wrapped on seeds. Coated seeds have the ability to resist pests and diseases and promote rooting and germination after sowing, and should be treated according to local pests and diseases.

3. Carefully prepare soil moisture: Soil moisture is the key to affect the quality of seed emergence. The soil moisture is good, the land is flat, the sowing depth is easy to be consistent, and the seedlings are uniform. An important link of soil preparation before sowing is the regulation of soil moisture. In Huang-Huai-Hai region and summer maize intercropping region, seasonal drought often occurs after wheat harvest, which makes soil moisture worse when maize is sown. Therefore, wheat yellow water is often used to supplement soil moisture in production.

4. Reasonable close planting: the reasonable density should consider the variety characteristics. Secondly, if the soil fertility and fertilization amount are large and reasonable, the suitable density will be large. In areas prone to drought and without irrigation conditions, the planting density should be thin.

5. Calculation of sowing amount: seed amount (kg) = sowing density × number of grains per hole × grain weight × area. We should focus on developing corn precision sowing technology to improve sowing quality.

6. Sowing depth: The sowing depth is generally 5-6cm. In clay with good water content, shallow sowing, preferably 4-5cm, is appropriate. Loose sandy loam should be deeply sown, preferably 6-8cm. If the soil moisture is large, it is not suitable for deep sowing, and the soil should be properly deep sowing.

7. Repression after sowing: After sowing, suppress it properly after covering the soil, and then suppress it when it is dry, but don't suppress it when the soil moisture is too much.

8. Proper application of seed fertilizer: Proper application of seed fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for seedlings, promote seedling growth and enhance resistance to unfavorable factors such as drought, low temperature and diseases. Seed fertilizer includes a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer. The use of seed fertilizer should be controlled and isolated to avoid burning seedlings. Generally, 5-8 kilograms of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu, and the effect is better.

The standard of 13 excellent maize varieties should be mastered.

To evaluate the quality of a corn variety, we can't just look at the size of the ear axis, nor can we just talk about whether the plant looks good or not. It depends on its comprehensive characteristics.

1, roots

Developed root system (the absorbing organ of maize plants), deep soil layer, good lodging resistance, strong root absorption function and long functional period are the basis for obtaining high yield.

Step 2 stop

Regardless of the thickness of the stem, it is required to be solid and elastic. Iron stalk corn has good toughness and hardness, strong lodging resistance and high nutrient transport capacity. In addition, short basal internodes are also beneficial to lodging resistance. The sugar content of stem is also the focus of attention in the future. According to the prediction of relevant people, insect-resistant varieties will be the future development trend, and the stems will greatly reduce the occurrence of some pests and diseases.

3. Plant height and ear position

Generally, it is required that the plant height is about 2.5 meters, and the ear position is low, generally it is better to be below 1.2 meters. The short spike position in the internode below the spike is low, the center of gravity of the plant is low, and the lodging resistance is strong. The ear position is neat, which is beneficial to mechanized harvesting. The long internodes above the spike are beneficial to lighting and ventilation.

Step 4 leave

Generally speaking, spreading leaves are long and wide, and compact leaves are short and narrow, while the latter's physiological indexes such as leaf orientation value, extinction coefficient, photosynthetic potential and photosynthetic productivity are more reasonable. At present, varieties with too wide, too thick and too long leaves are gradually replaced by varieties with too narrow, too thin and too short leaves in production practice. Frontal eversion of leaves is also a good trait, which can improve photosynthetic efficiency per unit area. From the leaf characteristics, close planting is beneficial. Blade hardness should be moderate, easy to ride, leading to lodging!

5. tassels

Varieties with underdeveloped tassels but abundant pollen are easy to obtain high yield, and underdeveloped tassels have few branches, which is beneficial to saving plant nutrients, reducing shading and wind resistance, and is beneficial to the production of photosynthetic products by leaves above tassels; However, in recent years, the pollination period of maize is affected by high temperature and heat damage, and the number of developed branches in the tassel can prolong the pollination period and improve the fruit setting rate. You can choose according to local conditions.

6, ear of fruit

(1) Size: In the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the planting habit is changing from large spike type to medium spike type. The high and stable yield of medium and small panicle close-planted varieties is strong, and it is easy to obtain ideal high yield under high fertilizer and water conditions. Similarly, in the plots with poor irrigation conditions and poor land, the actual yield of dense-tolerant varieties is higher than that of sparsely planted varieties with large ears.

(2) Rows per panicle: If the number and weight of grains per panicle and row are reasonably matched, a reasonable grain weight per panicle can be achieved. The behavior of 14- 16 in Huanghuaihai area is appropriate. It is difficult to obtain high yield if the number of rows is too small, and bald tips are easy to appear when the number of rows per ear exceeds 16, and most of them are not dense.

(3) Grain weight: Grain weight is the key factor in yield factors. Varieties with the same grain size and rich cuticle have high grain weight and high yield.

(4) Seed rate: Under the condition that other characters are consistent, the seed rate is high and the yield potential of varieties is great.

(5) Grain quality: ① High bulk density is the performance of good quality, and various special varieties with different uses have different requirements for starch content, amino acid content and oil content. Sensory: Grain color, grain type and starch structure, such as orange-yellow and horny varieties, are good in commodity.

7. Plant types

Maize plant types can be divided into three types: spreading type, compact type and semi-compact type. The ideal plant type is compact at the top and flat at the bottom. The leaves above the ear are required to be upright. After tasseling, the plant type requires that the leaves under the ear are relatively flat and oblique, and the whole plant type also becomes a "regular triangle". The upper leaves of the ear are spirally distributed upward, and it is best to form a conical plant type; The leaf angle of the upper ear leaves is about 20 ~ 25, and the upper ear leaves are 18 ~ 10.

8. Density is plastic

The higher the density, the smaller the peak, the smaller the density and the larger the peak. Due to the enhancement of farmers' concept of time benefit, the amount of labor and labor time put into the field are decreasing, and often no thinning is carried out. Density has no plasticity, which affects yield.

9. Disease resistance

There are mainly Curvularia leaf spot, leaf spot, brown spot, bacterial wilt, smut, ear rot, rust, rough dwarf disease and other diseases in summer maize areas in Yellow River, Huaihe River and Shanghai.

10, insect resistance

Aphids, corn borers and red spiders are the main summer corn areas in Huang-Huai-Hai.

1 1, lodging resistance

Only with strong lodging resistance can the density be increased and high and stable yield be obtained.

12, compressive strength

Waterlogging resistance, drought resistance and weak light resistance; Factors such as pollen viability of tassel during flowering and fruiting.

13, machine collection

Machine harvest is divided into ear and grain, which is the evaluation standard of corn in recent years.

In a word, a good maize hybrid is to achieve medium and large ears, medium and large grains, medium and short (high) stalks, medium and high density and medium and early maturity under the conditions of medium and high yield and strong disease resistance.