Properties of elemental chlorine and its compounds.

Yellow-green gas with a suffocating smell. The molecular formula is Cl2. The molecular weight is 70.9 1. The relative density is 1.47(0℃369.77kPa). Melting point-10 1℃. Boiling point -34.5℃. The steam density is 2.49. The vapor pressure is 506.62kpa (5tm 10.3℃). Soluble in water, soluble in lye. When it meets water, hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid are generated, and hypochlorous acid is decomposed into new ecological chlorine, oxygen and hydrochloric acid. Chlorine and carbon monoxide will produce phosgene under high temperature conditions. This product is non-combustible, but it helps to support combustion. Mixing with combustible gas in the sun will cause combustion and explosion. Reaction with many substances causes combustion and explosion.

Invasive pathway

Mainly through the respiratory tract invasion, damage to the upper respiratory tract; When the chlorine concentration in the air is high, it will also invade the deep respiratory tract.

Introduction to toxicology

People inhale LCL0: 500 ppm/5M.

The median lethal concentration of inhalation in rats is 293 ppm/ 1 hour. Mice inhaled LC50:137 ppm/1h.

After chlorine gas is inhaled, it mainly acts on trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli, causing corresponding lesions, and some chlorine gas can be exhaled through respiratory tract. The olfactory threshold of human body to chlorine is 0.06 mg/m3; 90mg/m3 can cause severe cough; 120 ~ 180mg/m3 for 30 ~ 60min can cause toxic pneumonia and pulmonary edema. 300mg/m3, which can cause fatal injury; 3000mg/m3, life-threatening; When it is as high as 30000mg/m3, the general filter gas mask has no protective effect.

Poisoning mechanism: chlorine gas reacts with water in mucosa and respiratory tract after inhalation to generate hydrogen chloride and new ecological oxygen. Hydrogen chloride can cause edema, congestion and necrosis of upper respiratory mucositis; Neo-ecological oxygen has a strong oxidation effect on tissues and can form ozone which is toxic to cell protoplasm. Too high chlorine concentration or too long contact time can often cause deep respiratory diseases, damage bronchioles and alveoli, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and toxic pulmonary edema. Due to stimulation, local smooth muscle spasm aggravates ventilation disorder and hypoxia; Inhalation of high concentration chlorine can also stimulate vagus nerve and cause reflex cardiac arrest.

There is no free chlorine in nature, and it usually exists in the form of sodium chloride (salt, NaCl).

Chlorinated substance

inorganic matter

Elemental chlorine

sodium chloride

hydrogen chloride

organic matter

chloromethane

dichloromethane

chloroform

carbon tetrachloride

Chloride ion inspection

To test whether the water contains chloride ions, we can add nitrate-acidified silver ions (such as silver nitrate) to it, which will react with chloride ions to generate white silver chloride precipitate. The reaction formula is:

Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl↓

Atomic weight 35.453 atomic weight unit

Atomic radius (calculated value) 100(79)pm

* * * The price radius is 99 pm.

Van der Waals radius 175 pm

Valence electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5

The arrangement of electrons at each energy level 2, 8 and 7.

Oxidation value (oxide)1.3,5.7 (strong acid)

Regular rhombic crystal structure

physical quality

State of gaseous matter

Melting point 17 1.6 K (-10 1.5 C)

Boiling point: 239. 1 1 K (-34.04 degrees Celsius)

The molar volume is 17.39× 10-6m3/mol.

Heat of vaporization 10.2 kj/mol

Heat of fusion 3.203 kJ/mol

Steam pressure 1300 Pa

The speed of sound without data

Other attributes

Electronegativity 3. 16 (Pauling scale)

Specific heat 480 Joule/(kg kg)

Conductivity without data

The thermal conductivity is 0.0089 W/(m g).

The first ionization energy is 125 1.2 kJ/mol.

The second ionization energy is 2298 kJ/mol.

The third ionization energy is 3822 kJ/mol.

The fourth ionization energy is 5 158.6 kJ/mol.

The fifth ionization energy is 6542 kJ/mol.

The sixth ionization energy is 9362 kJ/mol.

The seventh ionization energy is11018 kj/mol.

The eighth ionization energy is 33604 kJ/mol.

The ninth ionization energy is 38600 kJ/mol.

The tenth ionization energy is 439,665,438+0 kJ/mol.