Entering Dazhu, forest village, Guizhou Province

I used to listen to literary friends, photographers and colleagues talking about Dazhu, and all of them admired its high forest coverage, profound cultural heritage and good ecological and humanistic environment. It is a natural oxygen bar and a paradise for people to have a rest, cultivate their sentiments and enjoy summer.

According to the data, Dazhu Village in Wuchuan County, Guizhou Province is more than 1 1,000 meters above sea level, with a geographical area of 22.8 square kilometers and more than 700 households with more than 3,600 people. The forest area of the village is more than 30,000 mu, and the forest coverage rate is 86%, including nearly 20,000 mu of sunflower pine, 3,500 mu of tea and 4,000 mu of spiny bamboo.

Listening to what people say is so good, the information looks very attractive, and I can't help but have a look. On May 27th, it finally happened.

At 9 o'clock in the morning, we took the bus for more than 40 minutes and finally came to the fork in the road between Huang Dou and the ape. The driver pointed to the Panshan Highway leading to the Four Faces Buddha and said, "If this road is flat, it will be Dazhu. Look at the mountains on both sides of the road. There are decades of sunflower pines everywhere. "

Up to the top of the mountain, there is another fork in the road. The sign on the left says Silk Cotton, and the sign on the right side of the road says Dazhu, Dazhu, which refers to Dazhu Natural Village, and now it is the core area of Dazhu Village.

The mountains on both sides of the road leading to Dazhu Natural Village are not high, and every mountain is a neat tree. These trees are mainly pines and firs, and a few houses, fields and roads at the foot of the mountain are looming in the forest.

Follow the road on the right, turn right at every fork in the road, along the winding cement road, through the dense Woods, and finally come to Dazhu Natural Village. Zhaimen is a tall stone fence with two antique characters "Dazhu" hanging on it.

Dazhu Natural Village is called Dazhu Garden by local people. It is about 2 kilometers long and wide, located on a mountain, with low terrain, fertile land and dense forests. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang's ancestors began to live and work here.

Today, there are more than 60 families in Dazhu Natural Village, living in two small place names, Qiankouwan and Shijing, separated by a small ridge. Most of them are members of the Zhang family, with only a few surnames, such as Nie, Wang and How. Every house is in the embrace of trees, and it is extremely quiet except for the unique sound of poultry in the country and the occasional rustling from the treetops.

There are towering old trees around the stockade, and the trees are lush; In the middle is a mountain pond, which Dazhu people call "Qiankoutang". With Qiankoutang as the boundary, there are villages in the east, a ancestral hall and a small amount of land in the west, and some ancient cypress trees around Qiankoutang. No matter from a distance or from a short distance, Dazhu Natural Village is a village in the forest.

Although it is summer, because of the high altitude, fresh air and breezy breeze, standing on the roadside of the stockade makes people feel that secular troubles have gone with the wind and their hearts are very quiet.

Zhang Wenhe, a descendant of the Zhang family in Dazhu Natural Village, said that most of these trees grow naturally, some are selectively preserved by the masses, and some are replanted after the masses cut down other miscellaneous trees.

Generally speaking, from the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty to the present, more than 800 families in the 20th generation, most of whom have moved out because they can't live, only more than 60 families live in Dazhu Natural Village.

The houses in Dazhu Natural Village are all wooden houses, and the earliest date is 160. In the last 30 years, the typical residential style in northern Guizhou is mostly four sets and three rooms. Many houses have a screen ear door about 60 cm outside the door, also called screen dragon door.

There is a house built by Chang Wu in Qing Dynasty. There are gates on the front, back and left. The door is made of heavy wood, with wings and a happy hall on both sides. The hall is dedicated to ancestral shrines, and the walls of the house are carved with different shapes of openwork window grilles, and the words "Fulu Xi Shou" are engraved on the walls of the hall. Exquisite carving techniques, exquisite window carving composition, strange imagination and strong sense of history.

People here pursue harmonious culture, cherish ecology and respect nature, which can be seen not only from the three characters of "harmony", "prestige" and "laurel" painted on several wooden houses 1 10 years ago, but also from the contents of the stone tablet of "Tong Shen Hua Yu" erected in Zhang Ancestral Hall in the second year of Qing Dynasty.

When we came to Zhang's ancestral hall, we finally saw the stone tablet of "Tong Can Hua Yu". After careful identification, the above content is quite clear:

People often say: to be a man, we should abide by morality, honor our parents and live in harmony with our brothers and sisters. We all look forward to the wind of benevolence and righteousness in the countryside, and it is our nature to have the wind of benevolence and righteousness in the neighborhood. If you don't obey the family law and make mistakes, you will be punished for small mistakes and prosecuted for big mistakes.

1. If there is a dispute during the deliberation, the clan will not pursue it, but those who are aggressive and dominant will be fined 5,000 pence;

2. Those who release Yamakaji forest will be fined10.2 million yuan;

3. People who sell firewood are not allowed to sell their own forests, nor are they allowed to sell other people's forests;

4. release cattle and horses to harm others' seedlings, and a litter of seedlings will be fined three pence; A litter of corn, a fine of four pence. The fine should be handed over to the ancestral temple and not returned privately;

5. Anyone who reports or catches stealing rice in the field or food and vegetables on the mountain will be rewarded with 500 yuan, and the thief will be tied into the ancestral temple for investigation;

6. Those who cut bark will be fined 2000 pence;

7. Cut down your own mountain forest and burn the flame, which will be filled into the ancestral temple as a collective mountain forest.

The above ethnic groups should strictly abide by it, and everyone should remove weeds in the forest, so that the forest can flourish and be inherited by future generations, so that people can live in harmony with nature. It is our common wish to make our mountain greener and become a land of courtesy and kindness.

Head of delegation: Zhang Mingzhen

Patriarch: Zhang Guangxuan

Witness: Zhang Xingzhen, Zhang Shoushan and Zhang Deshan.

It was founded on June 24th, the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty.

There are many contents about family management written on the inscription, four of which are related to forest protection: "Those who release Yamakaji forests will be fined1.2000 yuan; Selling firewood, whether it is Shan Ye between forest and people, is not allowed. If you commit a fine of 6000; A fine of 2000 yuan for cutting bark; Cut down barren hills and burn flames, which will also be filled into the ancestral temple to view the mountains. "

Zhang Wenhe told us that this monument was erected by twelve generations of Zhang. Now 1 10 years have passed, and Zhang people have been abiding by the agreement set by their ancestors to protect the forest, which is the current ecological environment.

In the hearts of villagers, trees are sacred and inviolable, and they will worship tree gods and pray for peace on traditional festivals such as New Year's Eve and Lantern Festival.

The DBH of Liquidambar formosana beside Zhangjia ancestral hall is about 1.5 meters, which is very strong. It's a towering tree, a thousand years old, with red cloth hanging. Zhang Wenhe said that this is their tree god. Every time they worship, they will bring a knife head, three incense sticks, four glasses of wine, candy and so on. And this ceremony is spontaneous for every household.

Chatting with Zhang Wen, I learned that there is a reason why fir and pine are the main trees in the village. At the end of 1950s, in order to meet the requirements of higher authorities, Dazhu Township Government organized the whole township labor force to chop wood and make steel. All the miscellaneous trees in the local mountains were cut down, and only important timber such as Chinese fir and pine and cypress were protected. The villagers were very distressed to see the raised hills everywhere, so they took the initiative to collect pine nuts on the hills and plant them on the cut hills.

"Pine trees are not easy to grow. They are all buried in the soil with pine nuts and let them grow by themselves. " Party member Zhang, a 70-year-old man, said that although he was still young at that time, he remembered clearly the planting of pine trees. At that time, it was a big group with few lifestyles in autumn and winter. Every family went to pick up pine nuts and buried them for several years.

Since the period of the Republic of China, Zhang people have been working in villages or villages, and have been promoting the concept of "educating the same Sichuan" in villages or villages, and have promulgated management measures to protect the forest environment, requiring villagers of all groups to take turns to take care of them. Anyone who finds that trees are cut down or animals trample on saplings must report to the township government, thus promoting the development of forestry in the township.

After the reform and opening-up, the mountain forest was put underground in one household, and everyone had to do his own work, so he had no time to take care of his own mountain forest. According to the regulations issued by the township, each household contributes 10 yuan every year, and Zhaili invites people to manage the forest full-time.

1 10 Over the past few years, under the leadership of the Zhang people, the whole village has now reached 3 1000 mu, including nearly 20,000 mu of pine trees. Dazhu Village has successively won the titles of "China Traditional Village", "Guizhou forest village" and "Guizhou Sunflower Pine Seed Picking Base".

Under the leadership of Zhang Wenhe, we also saw many ancient trees such as pine, cypress, fir and nanmu, and the DBH exceeded 1 m. Zhang Wenhe said that sunflower pine, also known as Hainan five-needle pine, is a Pinaceae plant. The produced pine nuts are edible, crisp and delicious. Every year around the National Day, during the harvest season of sunflower pine nuts, foreigners will come to buy them. 30 yuan's 1 kg pine nuts increase villagers' income. In addition to pine nuts, the forestry economic income of Dazhu also includes spiny bamboo shoots and tea.

On the same day, we also saw the "sun" pattern on the incense in the lobby of a house with a history of more than 1.6 years. It is said that this design was edited by Zhang Daxue, a member of the Zhang family. He only carved a fragrant design. He asked the sculptor to carve it for three years, and the patterns were "Sun", "Three Sheep Open Thailand" and "Twin Phoenix Rising Sun".

Zhang Daxian, Zhang Daxue's younger brother, lives in the street dozens of meters opposite Zhang Daxue. Seeing that these patterns carved by his brother were very good, he invited a sculptor to his home and carved the moon as a pattern on the incense. But later, because the house was burned down, it no longer exists.

In a residential building, we also saw a plaque of "Yongzhangke Township", which was given by the county magistrate He Wei in 12 years of the Republic of China. According to legend, during the Republic of China, Dazhu Natural Village was once the seat of Dazhu Township Government, and the twelfth ancestor Zhang Deshan was appointed as Dongbao. His work is excellent and deeply supported by people. At the same time, the county magistrate He Wei gave him a plaque, which is still displayed in Zhang's hall.

One-day trip to Dazhu was deeply felt. Here, the vegetation is dense, the air is fresh, the mountains and rivers are interdependent, the scenery is beautiful, and the profound cultural heritage makes people linger! (Xuan Guoxiang's photo report in Wang Feng)