What equipment do you need for outdoor travel?

In outdoor sports/tourism, the common way to dress is to prepare underwear, thermal insulation layer and coat, which will increase or decrease according to the temperature.

Underwear 1. 1

Underwear is worn next to the body, up and down. The choice of underwear mainly depends on what kind of fabric it uses, the sweat-conducting ability of this fabric and its warm-keeping ability under wet conditions. Like common cotton underwear, this performance is very poor. Sweat produced by human body will be absorbed into the gaps of cotton fiber, which can not be released quickly, and the air in the gaps of fiber will be reduced, which greatly reduces the warmth retention. After stopping exercise, the heat generated by the human body decreases, and sweat will absorb the heat from the skin and convert it into water vapor. I think everyone has had the feeling of wet and cold back after wearing cotton-padded clothes to play ball, and it is easy to catch a cold and get frostbite in mountaineering or winter. Wool products are much better in this respect, and they still have a certain ability to keep warm when wet. Wool socks are generally used in mountain climbing or cold areas. Some special chemical fiber materials have excellent performance, such as clothes made of CoolMax by DuPont, which can be dried in ten minutes after washing, but there is no CoolMAX product in China at present. Here I would like to recommend the "Xinyi" sports bra recently launched by DuPont in China. "Xinyi" sports comfortable underwear is made of high-tech fiber developed by DuPont company in the United States. The outer layer of this product is made of high-tech hollow fiber, and the inner layer is made of four-channel fiber, which can quickly absorb sweat and moisture on the skin and volatilize the surface of clothes. In Xidan, above 60 yuan, below 80.

1.2. Thermal insulation layer

The heat insulation layer traps air in it to keep the body temperature. The main selection indexes are the heat preservation performance per unit weight of the material and the heat preservation performance after wetting. Commonly used thermal insulation materials are down, wool and polar fleece. Down products are recognized as having the strongest warmth retention, and are generally only used in cold areas, so they are afraid of water. Wool fabric also has a good warm-keeping performance, and it still has a certain warm-keeping ability after being damp. What is recommended here is to catch plush clothes and pants. Plush is a kind of man-made fiber material, which has better warmth retention than wool, and still has warmth retention after soaking, but its disadvantage is poor windproof ability. At present, many sports/leisure brands have started to produce fleece products. For example, Benirall and so on. But they are often called names like acrylic instead of catching plush. A coat coat 100 yuan, a vest dozens of yuan. Plush pants are produced less, only seen in OZARC, and the price is also very expensive. At the temperature of-10 degrees Celsius, put on a fleece suit and cover it with a layer of windproof underwear, and you can climb the mountain.

2. camera

It's a pity that I didn't leave a beautiful map of Zhang Dengshan/tourism. Friends can be divided into two kinds of cameras. One is a zoom camera, which is small in size, flexible and light in weight, but generally has poor imaging. You can only "take one picture" and don't even want to enlarge one and hang it. The other is a photographer who pursues quality. When they start with FM2, EOS5 or even F5, EOS 1N, beauty is beautiful, but illness is inconvenient. In addition to special photography or leisure travel, if you go hiking and backpacking to help yourself, just thinking about these "bricks" weighing a few pounds on your back is a headache, plus stumbling, people can't help but feel heartache. I often take an EOS5 to the wild, but as far as the actual number of photos is concerned, it is often only half of the camera I recommend below. This is olimp u-II. U-II is a 35mm F 1/2.8 fixed focal length paraxial camera. This is a fixed focus lens. Zooming doesn't cost a lot of money, but money is used to improve the quality of the lens. Its maximum aperture is F 1/2.8, and the imaging quality is very high. The focal length is 35 mm, which is suitable for shooting scenery; Small size, smaller than a mouse, always waterproof design, using temperature range-10~+40 degrees Celsius (but I used to use it normally at around-15 degrees Celsius). What is more distinctive is that it is a little photometric. It is very useful to take portraits in the snow and ice background, and it can be exposed as correctly as possible. And its most wonderful place: the price is 998 yuan in Xidan shopping mall (the model without calendar is 898 yuan).

The following excerpts are some technical indicators of u-II:

Lens: Olympus 35mm F 1/2.8, 4 groups and 4 films.

Shutter: An electronic program shutter between mirrors.

Focus: active multi-automatic companion system, which can lock the focal length, and the focus range is 0.35m- infinity.

Exposure control: program automatic exposure, 2-zone metering, optional spot metering, and automatic exposure range EV 1.0 -EV 17.

Flash: index 1 1.5, effective range 0.35 m-4.1m (ISO100), callback time 0.2-3.5s ..

Flash mode: automatic flash, red eye reduction, forced non-flash, forced flash, night flash,

Reduce red-eye night flash

All-weather: IEC standard 529 (splash-proof design)

Size: 108 (width) * 59 (height) * 37 (depth) mm

Weight: 135g

3.GPS personal terminal

GPS is the abbreviation of Global Positioning System. Its personal terminal is about the size of a mobile phone, and its basic function is to give the latitude and longitude and schedule information of its location. Generally, the accuracy is about 100 meter, and the accuracy can be about 30 meters when SelectiveAvailability is closed (the United States will not close it frequently for military purposes before 2005). GPS produced by different manufacturers has different functions.

Common ones are as follows:

. Waypoint function. Record the position of a point (English name is PosionFix, including the three-dimensional coordinates of a point) into the memory of GPS. This can be the point you pass, or you can enter its coordinates. Generally, you can also give this a name with a few letters. . Routing function. A route consists of a starting point, an ending point and several intermediate points. A segment between any two points is called a segment, and a route can be composed of several segments. These points can be found on the map and entered in advance, or they can be recorded while walking.

. Title function. Indicate the moving direction when moving. When GPS is turned on, the position coordinates are updated every 1 to 2 seconds, which can be used to calculate the forward direction. . Speed (speed) function. Similar to the direction, the velocity bearing function is given. Give the signpost direction of your location, usually showing the angle clockwise from true north.

. Plot clue function. Record the motion at a certain sampling interval (adjustable)

Trajectory, this function is extremely useful in actions where there is no map or clear route and the original road needs to be returned.

. Data is loaded/downloaded on the computer. GPS can be connected with computer through special connection and software.

By arranging and analyzing the route on the computer, GPS can exchange data.

. Map function. High-grade GPS can store a map of an area and display location data at the same time.

Visually display your position on the map.

Famous civil GPS manufacturers include Garmin, Magellan and Eagle. Here I recommend a Garmin GPS 12 made by Garmin. Its main advantages are: complete main functions and basic practical functions. Those machines that are one grade higher than it have only some fancy functions. There are many routes that can be stored, including 20 routes, and each route has 30 segments. There are many tracking points, and the coordinates of 1024 can be stored. If a point is marked every minute, the distance can be marked as long as 17 hours. Waterproof design, suitable for a wide temperature range, can be used at-15~+70 degrees Celsius, and other GPS are generally at-10~+60. It is the lowest price in GPS with computer interface. The price is cheap, as long as $ 150. Unfortunately, it can only be bought abroad, even if it is available in China, it is a black price of N thousand yuan. The following link has a detailed performance/price comparison table of commonly used GPS, which can be referred to (source: www.gps4fun.com).

I will briefly explain some indicators:

. Trees are well covered: trees will block the signal of GPS satellites. The most common problem of early GPS was that it didn't work well in the dense forest, so it happened.

Max # of Statelites: The maximum number of satellites that can be searched. The more satellites, the more accurate the positioning. * * * There are 24 GPS satellites around the earth. Due to the occlusion of the earth, at most 12 satellites can be seen at the same time.

. Number of parallel channels: the maximum number of satellites received simultaneously. Each satellite works at a different frequency, the number of low-level GPS will be less than the satellite's Max #, and all satellites will be scanned in series. This value is related to both positioning speed and accuracy.

Collection time: it can be divided into warm and cold. If the GPS is turned on near its last off position, or given a nearby position, the satellite signal can be quickly searched and located, which is called hot start, otherwise it will take a long time, which is called cold start. Internal backup battery: With this battery, you can ensure that the data stored when replacing the battery will not be lost.

. Accuray (without SA): When SA is turned off, the GPS accuracy is good. Actually, it won't be closed until 2005. The general accuracy of SA opening is about 100 meter, which is about the size of a football field.

4. Interview machine

The interview machine is a kind of tape recorder, which uses a small tape. It is small in size and is commonly used by journalists. Most friends have the habit of keeping a diary when they go out. If you have this gentleman as your companion, you can save a lot of trouble and be convenient and flexible. You can record at any time, talk while walking, and nothing will be delayed. More friends who love music can collect folk songs as folk songs. When they returned to Beijing from Tibet last year, on the train in Qinghai, two Kansai men next to them drank soju and sang "Flowers" to folk songs all night, which was refreshing. If they had brought this gentleman, they would have been very happy. What a pity!

The functions of the interview machine are similar to those of ordinary tape recorders, including recording, playback, fast forward and fast backward, and also have their own unique functions:

Adjustable belt speed: there are two speeds: fast and slow. Voice control: When using this recording method, the user determines a loudness threshold. When the volume detected by the interviewer is greater than this threshold, the recording will start, and when it is lower than this threshold, it will automatically stop.

Different manufacturers have different names, some are called V-Sensor (voice induction recording) and some are called VOR (voice operation recording).

. Microphone sensitivity is adjustable.

. With a bit counter. wait for

There are many manufacturers of interview machines, such as Sony, Panasonic and AIWA. Here is a special product: Sony M- 100MC at Xidan for 900 yuan. There are many other low-end and cheap products to choose from, but it should be noted that there is a very small one that uses electronic memory instead of tape and only takes a few minutes to record. Don't buy it wrong) It has the following characteristics:

Directional microphone for long-distance recording.

.3 Microphone Sensitivity Mode (Conversation, Normal, Dictation)

. Voice activation.

Silent system

The index function can mark an index on the tape, which will make noise when fast forward and fast backward.

Endurance 19 hours.

.3-bit counter

.3 LED power indication

.2-stage adjustable belt speed