How to recognize cancer early?

Early detection of cancer greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. Early detection of cancer has two main components: education to promote early diagnosis and screening.

Recognizing the possible early warning signs of cancer and taking prompt measures can lead to early diagnosis. Among doctors, nurses and other health care providers, as well as the public, people's awareness of possible cancer warning signals has increased, which may have a major impact on the disease. Some early signs of cancer include lumps, unhealed ulcers, abnormal bleeding, persistent indigestion and chronic hoarseness. Early diagnosis is especially related to breast cancer, cervical cancer, oral cancer, oral cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer and skin cancer.

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Screening refers to the use of simple tests to identify individuals with diseases but no symptoms in healthy people. Examples include breast cancer screening using mammography and cervical cancer screening using cytological screening methods, including pap smears.

Only when it is proved to be effective, resources (personnel, equipment, etc. ) is enough to cover almost all the target population, and if the screening plan is implemented, it is possible to diagnose these diseases and provide treatment and follow-up facilities. The prevalence of abnormal results and diseases is high enough to justify the screening work and cost.

According to the available evidence, mammography screening and cytology screening can only be used for breast cancer and cervical cancer screening in countries with extensive population coverage. Some ongoing studies are evaluating low-cost screening methods that can be implemented and maintained in resource-poor environments. For example, in the near future, visual inspection with acetic acid may be an effective screening method for cervical cancer. More research is needed to evaluate low-cost alternatives to X-ray screening, such as clinical breast examination.

Cancer means a group of diseases, each with different location, different symptoms and different sensitivities. So, if I focus on the way of asking questions, I will definitely say that there are no early signs of cancer. However, if I receive cancer treatment one by one, there may be some early signs. It should also be noted that early signs can easily be something else, not necessarily cancer, but they must still be taken very seriously.