Types of CCD sensors

Area CCD: Allows photographers to capture moving objects in one exposure at any shutter speed.

There are generally three types of structures of area array CCDs. The first is frame-transfer CCD. It consists of upper and lower parts. The upper part is the photosensitive area where pixels are concentrated, and the lower part is the storage area where vertical registers are concentrated and shielded from light. The advantage is that the structure is relatively simple and it is easy to increase the number of pixels. The disadvantage is that the CCD is large in size and prone to vertical smear. The second type is interline transfer CCD. It is currently the mainstream product of CCD. They have pixel groups and vertical registers on the same plane. They are characterized by being on a single chip, low price, and easy to obtain good photographic characteristics. The third type is inter-frame transfer CCD. It is a composite type of the first and second types, with a complex structure, but it can greatly reduce vertical smear and easily implement variable speed electronic shutter. Three-line sensor CCD: In a three-line sensor, three parallel rows of pixels cover RGB filters respectively. When capturing color pictures, the complete color picture is composed of multiple rows of pixels. Three-line CCD sensors are mostly used in high-end digital cameras to produce high resolution and spectral gradation.

Interlaced transmission CCD: This sensor utilizes separate arrays to capture images and power conversion, allowing the current image to be read while the next image is being captured. Interleaved transmission CCDs are commonly used in low-end digital cameras, camcorders, and broadcast cameras that shoot animations. Full-frame CCD: This type of CCD has more power processing capabilities, better dynamic range, low noise and transmission optical resolution. Full-frame CCD allows instant shooting of full-color pictures. The full-frame CCD consists of parallel floating-point registers, serial floating-point registers and signal output amplifiers. Full-frame CCD exposure is controlled by a mechanical shutter or gate to save the image, and a parallel register is used for metering and reading the metering value. The image is projected onto a parallel array that serves as a projection screen. This element receives the image information and divides it into discrete quantized elements determined by the number. These information flows from parallel registers to serial registers. This process is repeated until all information is transmitted. Next, the system performs precise image reconstruction.