Major Events in 1920

Comprehensive Events of 1920 January 2: Prohibition of alcohol takes effect in the United States.

On the 8th, Mr. Wu Tianli established Yihe Tea Shop (now: Haozhan Tea National Chain) in Jiangtun Town, Guangning, China, to operate tea and spread Chinese tea culture.

On the 10th, the League of Nations was established. Japan and Germany formally made peace.

On the 11th, the Taiwan New People’s Association was established in Tokyo, Japan.

On the 19th, Japan issued an ultimatum to China on the Shandong issue.

On the 24th, Zhou Enlai and other Tianjin student leaders were arrested.

On the 26th, Sun Yat-sen said: Article 21 should be invalidated, and the Japanese ultimatum can be ignored.

At the beginning of the year, Tianjin Lisheng Sports Goods Factory started construction.

This month Liu Hongsheng founded Hua Hongsheng Match Co., Ltd. in Suzhou.

This month, Mei Lanfang directed and acted in the opera films "Spring Fragrance in School" and "The Goddess Scattered Flowers" were staged in Beijing.

On February 29, Prime Minister Jin Yunpeng resigned on the grounds that he was "ill-informed".

This month Yun Daiying founded Liqun Publishing House in Wuchang.

This month, a woman officially entered Peking University for the first time.

On March 13, China Eastern Railway workers went on strike across the board. Protest against Horvath's unpaid workers' wages.

On the 14th, the Beijing government disarmed Horvath and the Belarusian military and police.

On the 31st, the Peking University Marxism Research Society organized and initiated by Li Dazhao was officially established.

In April, the Eight-Province Alliance decided to overthrow the Anfu Clique.

Tan Renfeng passed away on the 24th.

This month, Communist International representative Wei Jingski came to China to help Li Dazhao prepare for the founding of the party.

On May 1, advanced intellectuals and workers in Shanghai and other places held activities to commemorate the May Day International Labor Day.

On the 4th, Hu Shi opposed students’ use of strikes to solve problems.

On the 23rd, Gao Yang, a modern educator, destroyed his family and established a private Wuxi Middle School.

This month, Chen Duxiu initiated the establishment of the Shanghai "Marxism Research Association" and met with Weijingsky and his party.

On June 10, under the control of Tang Jiyao, war broke out in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou.

On the 28th, Jin Yunpeng’s cabinet was dissolved.

On the 29th, China joined the League of Nations, which was dominated by the signatories of the Versailles Peace Treaty.

This month Zhang Zuolin went to Beijing to serve as mediator.

On July 14, the Anhui War broke out, and Wu Peifu tried to capture Duan Qirui but failed.

On the 17th, floods occurred in four counties including Wenling, Zhejiang. The disaster was unprecedented in 60 years, with more than 10,000 victims in total.

This month Duan Qirui of the Anhui Clan was defeated.

In August, the Chinese translation of "The Communist Manifesto" translated by Chen Wangdao was published in Shanghai.

This month, the Shanghai Communist Party Group was established and the monthly magazine "The Communist Party" and the weekly "Labor Circle" were founded.

This month Jin Yunpeng reorganized his cabinet.

This month Zhou Fohai launched the Tokyo Communist Group.

On September 21, Chinese revolutionary theorist Zhu Zhixin was killed.

This month British philosopher Russell came to China to give lectures.

On the 26th, Mao Zedong predicted that future politics would belong to workers and peasants.

On the 27th, Soviet Russia made its second declaration to China.

On October 2, Japan sent troops to occupy Hunchun, Jilin.

On the 14th, a gas explosion occurred in the Tangshan coal mine, and hundreds of people died underground.

On the 17th, Hsieh Wenda flew an old-fashioned aircraft over Taipei, becoming the first Taiwanese to fly in the sky.

On the 29th, Chiang Kai-shek gained the respect of Sun Yat-sen.

This month, three people, Li Dazhao, Zhang Shenfu, and Zhang Guotao, established the Beijing Communist Group at Peking University.

This month, Wuhan, Changsha, and Guangzhou formed communist groups.

On November 11, Deng Xiaoping, Zhou Enlai and others went to France for work-study studies.

On the 28th, Sun Yat-sen forced Guangzhou to reorganize the military government.

This month Tibetan monks and laymen expelled the British mission.

This month Chen Duxiu presided over the drafting of the "Declaration of the Communist Party of China".

This month, the Soviet Union declared for the third time that it would abolish all unequal treaties and extraterritorial rights against China during the imperial Russia era.

On December 14, the Director General of the Workers’ Implementation Department of the World Federation of Workers called the Shanghai Machinery Union to express international sympathy.

On the 16th, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake occurred in the Haiyuan area of ??Ningxia. Four cities were completely destroyed and 230,000 people died.

This month, the Jinan Communist Party Group was established.

This year the Palace Museum was established.

This year, drought conditions are serious in Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces.

In December, Chen Duxiu, Li Da, Chen Wangdao, Shao Lizi and others published articles one after another criticizing Zhang Dongsun for opposing socialism and advocating the fallacy of taking the capitalist road, which expanded the influence of Marxism.

January

On January 4, Li Jinxi went to Fuyou Temple, No. 99 Beichang Street, to visit Mao Zedong, who ran the People's News Agency here.

On January 6, the Tianjin National Assembly sent a nationwide call to denounce the Anfu clique.

On January 10, the League of Nations met for the first time and signed the Treaty of Versailles, officially ending World War I.

On January 16, the United States began to implement alcohol prohibition.

On January 16, the Allies asked the Netherlands to expel the fleeing German emperor.

On January 18, Mao Zedong gathered with Deng Zhongxia and other friends from the Auxiliary Society in Beijing at Taoranting and took photos.

On January 19, the U.S. Congress refused to join the League of Nations.

On January 23, the Netherlands refused to expel the Kaiser.

On January 29, students in Tianjin were suppressed for inspecting Japanese goods and petitioned the provincial governor, but they were brutally suppressed by the military and police. Zhou Enlai and four others were arrested. After the 31st, mass organizations in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Tangshan and other places electrified and held demonstrations to support the Tianjin student movement.

In late January, Liang Qichao returned from France and arrived in Shanghai.

February

On February 2, Estonia declared independence

On February 5, Chen Duxiu gave a speech in Wuhan titled: "Methods and Methods of Social Transformation" Belief". On the evening of the 7th, we headed north and returned to Beijing. Immediately, Li Dazhao escorted him out of Beijing and transferred to Shanghai.

On February 9, the League of Nations decided that the Spitsbergen Islands would belong to Sweden.

On February 17, a woman attempted suicide in Berlin. She claimed that she was Princess Anastasia of Russia.

On February 24, Adolf Hitler organized the Nazi Party in Munich.

March

On March 19, the U.S. Congress refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.

In March, Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia, Huang Rikui, Gao Junyu and others initiated the establishment of the Peking University Marxism Theory Research Society.

April

On April 19, Germany and Russia decided to exchange prisoners of war after the war.

On April 23, the Turkish Parliament announced the abolition of the Sudanese system.

April 24, Polish-Russian War: Polish and Ukrainian troops attacked Russia and occupied Ukraine.

In April, the representative of the Communist International, Wei Jingsky, met with Li Dazhao in Beijing, and was introduced by Li Dazhao to Shanghai to meet with Chen Duxiu.

May

May 7, Polish-Russian War: Polish troops occupied Kiev.

On May 16, the Swiss people voted in a referendum to join the League of Nations.

On May 16, Pope Benedict XV declared Joan of Arc a Catholic saint.

On May 17, French and Belgian troops withdrew from the German cities they had occupied.

On May 26, the Shonan War began.

On May 27, Thomas Masalik was elected President of the Czech Republic.

On May 31, Wu Peifu's troops withdrew their defenses, passed Changsha on the 27th, and arrived in Wuhan today.

June

On June 4, Hungary signed the Treaty of Trianon.

On June 11, Zhang Jingyao escaped from Changsha, and the Hunan army occupied Changsha the next day.

June 12, Polish-Russian War: The Soviet Red Army reoccupied Kiev.

On June 15, Germany and Denmark signed a border treaty, and North Schleswig returned to Denmark.

On June 22, Greece attacked Türkiye.

On June 29, China joined the League of Nations.

July

On July 1, the Beijing government stopped paying Russia’s Boxer Indemnity.

July 2, Polish-Russian War: The Soviet Red Army entered Poland.

On July 6, Feng Yuxiang led his troops to retreat from Changde, Hunan and other places to Hubei.

On July 12, Russia recognized Lithuania’s independence.

On July 14, the Zhi-Anhui War broke out in China.

July 22, Polish-Russian War: Poland sued for peace with Russia.

August

On August 3, Catholics rioted in Belfast.

On August 9, Xu Shichang reappointed Jin Yunpeng as Prime Minister.

On August 10, Türkiye signed the Treaty of Sèvres.

On August 11, the first Guangdong-Guangxi War broke out.

On August 11, Russia recognized the independence of Estonia and Latvia.

On August 12, the Commander-in-Chief of the Guangdong Army Chen Jiongming swore an oath in Zhangzhou to denounce the Guangxi clique. On October 29, Guangzhou was captured.

August 13-21, Polish-Russian War: The Soviet Red Army lost the Battle of Warsaw.

On August 14, Cao Kun and Zhang Zuolin entered Beijing from Tianjin.

On August 15, the weekly "Labor World" was launched in Shanghai.

In August, with the help of representatives of the Communist International, Chen Duxiu, Li Hanjun, Shen Xuanlu, Chen Wangdao, Yu Xiusong, Li Da, Shi Cuntong, Yang Mingzhai, and Shao Lizi stayed at Chen Duxiu’s home at No. 2 Yuyang Lane, French Concession, Shanghai The "Communist Party of China" was established.

On August 22, the Chinese Socialist Youth League was established at No. 2 Yuyangli, Shanghai.

On August 22, the Russian Research Society was established in Changsha.

On August 23, the Seventh Olympic Games opened in Antwerp, Belgium.

On August 26, American women gained the right to vote.

September

On September 1, "New Youth" magazine published Chen Duxiu's "On Politics" in Volume 8, No. 1.

On September 5, Liang Qichao and others established the "Lecture Club" and invited scholars from various countries to give lectures in China.

On September 11, Deng Xiaoping went to France for a work-study program.

On September 13, the urban population in the United States exceeded the rural population.

On September 16, a bomb exploded on Wall Street in New York, USA, killing 35 people.

On September 21, Zhu Zhixin was killed while mediating a dispute between the Humen garrison and the Dongguan People's Army.

On September 27, the Soviet Russian government issued its second declaration on China.

October

On October 3, the weekly "Labourer" was launched in Guangzhou.

On October 4, the first communist group in Beijing was established, with Li Dazhao as the leader.

October 12, Polish-Russian War: Russia and Poland ceased fire.

November

On November 2, Warren G. Harding won the US presidential election.

On November 7, the monthly magazine "The Communist Party" was published in Shanghai.

November 15, the first plenary meeting of the League of Nations.

On November 17, the League of Nations designated Danzig as a free city.

On November 20, the governments of the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Japan issued a statement announcing the establishment of the new banking group.

November 21, Bloody Sunday: British troops opened fire on spectators at a football match in Dublin.

On November 21, the Shanghai Machinery Trade Union held its inaugural meeting in Shanghai.

On November 25, Sun Yat-sen, Wu Tingfang, Tang Shaoyi and others left Shanghai for Guangdong. On the 28th, arrived in Guangzhou via Hong Kong. On the 29th, the military government was reorganized.

On November 29, Yan Huiqing, Director-General of Foreign Affairs of the Beijing Government, met with Yulin, the representative of Soviet Russia.

December

On December 5, the Greek people voted in a referendum to reinstall the king.

On December 15, Zhang Dongyou published "The Present and the Future" in Volume 3, No. 4, of "Reform".

On December 16, Finland joined the League of Nations.

On December 16, Ningxia Haiyuan earthquake occurred.

On December 23, Britain and France signed a treaty, and Britain occupied Palestine and France occupied Syria.

Born

January 2, Isaac Asimov, American science fiction writer (died 1992)

January 20, Fei Derico Fellini, Italian film director (died 1993)

February 7, Wang An, American computer pioneer (died 1990)

February 11, Farouk I, King of Egypt (died in 1965)

On February 23, Kong Decheng, the seventy-seventh eldest grandson of Confucius, Yanshenggong, the enshrinement officer of Dacheng’s most holy teacher

< p>March 7, Bo Yang, Taiwanese writer, observer and cultural thinker, known as "Taiwan's Lu Xun" (died 2008)

April 15, Richard von Wei Zizek, German politician

May 18, John Paul II, Pope (died 2005)

June 2, Marcel Reich— Ranich, German literary critic

June 17, Liao Dezheng, Taiwanese painter

July 17, Juan Antonio Samaranch, International Olympic Committee Former Chairman

July 25, Rosalind Franklin, British biochemist (died 1958)

August 20, Sister Jiang, member of the Communist Party of China, Liaison officer of the Eastern Sichuan Prefectural Committee and Eastern Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China (died in 1949)

September 30, Zhang Ailing, a famous modern Chinese writer (died in 1995)

October 24, Chu Teh-Chun, a French lyrical abstract artist, the first Chinese academician of the Académie Fran?aise

November 15, Wayne Thiebaud, an American Pop Art painter< /p>

Unknown month and day, Hong Tong, Taiwan amateur painter (died 1987)

Died

January 17, Yang Changji, Chinese Education Bureau, teacher Mao Zedong< /p>

On May 21, Venustiano Carranza, Mexico’s first president

In September, Zhu Zhixin, a modern bourgeois democratic revolutionary in China

Nobel Prize

Physics: Charle Guillaume

Chemistry: Walter Nernst

Physiology and Medicine: Ogo St. Crow

Literature: Knut Hamsun

Peace: Léon Bourgeois