The Yellow River Cantata's composer is:

Xian Xinghai was born on June 1905 13 (the 11th day of the fifth lunar month), and his ancestral home is Panyu, Guangdong. His father, Xian Xitai, was a boatman and died at birth. His mother Huang Suying is a rural woman. Xian Xinghai lived on his grandfather since he was a child. His grandfather died when he was six years old. He went to Nanyang with his mother and studied the Four Books and Five Classics in an old school. Then I transferred to an English school run by the British to study English. When I was eleven years old, I transferred to a higher primary school run by overseas Chinese, studied for two years, returned to Guangdong, entered the middle school affiliated to Lingnan University, and went to college. In order to make a living, I have been working part-time.

1924, Xian Xinghai completed her studies and worked as a typist, worker, evening teacher and Lingnan University.

Xian Xinghai

Music teacher. At the age of 21, I went to Beijing to study the theory and violin learned by Peking University Conservatory of Music, and worked as an assistant in Peking University Library. The following year, I went to Shanghai National Conservatory of Music to study. 1929 left the national conservatory of music and joined the south China drama club organized by Tian Han.

1930, 25-year-old Xian Xinghai went abroad to Paris, France, where she studied violin under Obedover. During his six years in Paris, he studied at the National Paris Conservatory of Music and the Conservatory of Music founded by Vincent d''Indy, and worked as a handyman and musician in a restaurant, a nail salon and a coffee shop. His early works, such as The Wind (Trio), were obviously influenced by Paul Duca and Dandy who he followed in those years.

Xian Xinghai returned to China in the late summer of 1935, changed his creative direction, took part in the surging national defense music movement, and began to compose the first symphony, working for EMI record company. However, he soon resigned due to disagreement with the company and was transferred to Xinhua Film Company as the music director of Top Gun, Midnight Singing and Youth March.

1937, Xian Xinghai created and dubbed plays such as Sunrise and Thunderstorm. After the "August 13th Incident", he joined the Second Team of Shanghai National Salvation Drama and went to Zhejiang, Henan and Hubei for publicity. He stayed in Wuhan at the end of the year and worked in the Third Hall of the Political Department of the Military Commission. Co-chaired the Wuhan Anti-Japanese War Music Movement with cutie and others. In the following year 1 1 month, the work of the three museums was blocked and he went to Yan' an to serve as the director of the music department of Lu Xun Art College. At the beginning of 1937, the Yellow River Chorus "Production Chorus" and "Ximeng Chorus" were created.

1940 In May, Xian Xinghai left Yan 'an to study music in the Soviet Union. 1in April, 945, he finished his last work Rhapsody of China due to illness.1died in Moscow on October 30th at the age of 40. During his last five years in the Soviet Union, Xian Xinghai completed many instrumental works, including the first symphony National Liberation, the second symphony Jihad, the first orchestra suite Rear, the second orchestra suite Lyle, the third suite Lyle, the fourth suite Red River, the third symphony Life in China and Chinese Dance.

Ci writers:

Guang Weiran (19 13—2002), formerly known as Zhang Guangnian, was born in Guanghua County, Hubei Province (now laohekou city), a famous modern poet, literary critic and prolific writer. 1 913165438+1October1. 1927 participated in the first revolutionary civil war in his hometown, and joined the China Youth League in the same year. After the failure of this revolution, he worked as a shop apprentice, a bookstore clerk and a primary school teacher at the age of 89.

His works include: Realism in Drama (1957), Debate on Literature and Art (1958), Talk on Wind and Rain (1982). Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mayflower (1960) has been published, and more than 30 representative works of the author before and after liberation have been included, including Qu Yuan, The Yellow River Cantata, Sanmenxia Chorus and other famous works. The works that are not included include political lyric poems "Grand Festival of the Revolutionary People" and "Soul-stirring 1976", as well as lyrics "Flowers in May" such as the long narrative poem "Heroes Drilling Team", lyrics of the Yellow River chorus, prose collections "Talk about the Wind and Rain", "Talk about Teenagers", "Selected Dramas", "Jiang Hai Diary" and "Xiangyang Diary".

/kloc-joined the China * * * production party in 0/929, but later lost the party's organizational relationship because the organization in northern Hubei was destroyed. Since 1930s, he has been engaged in progressive drama and literary activities. 1936 published the lyrics "Flowers in May" in Wuhan, praising the anti-Japanese patriots and opposing traitorous surrender. The song sings, "Flowers bloom all over vilen in May. /Hua Gai Ren Ren Xue. /In order to save this dying nation,/they fought stubbornly against the Japanese. ..... "After Yan Shu's poem was set to music, it was widely sung in the anti-Japanese and national salvation activities with its deep grief and indignation. 1937 rejoined the China * * * production party. 1938, his Street Drama was published. 1939 65438+ 10, led the third team of anti-Japanese drama from Shanxi anti-Japanese guerrilla zone to Yan 'an. In March of the same year, after arriving in Yan 'an, he wrote Ode to the Yellow River in The Yellow River Cantata, a group poem praising the spirit of the Chinese nation (the first semester was selected as the sixth lesson in the Chinese textbook of People's Education Publishing House). Composed by people's musician Xian Xinghai, it was first staged in Yan 'an in April. Since then, it has been widely sung all over the country and warmly welcomed by the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians. This set of poems is magnificent and profound. It is a heroic poem of the Chinese nation against foreign aggression, and it is also a tragic picture of the reality of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression era. It reflects the unprecedented awakening of the people and shows strong national integrity and indomitable spirit of struggle. In art, the whole poem is well conceived and beautifully laid out. Taking the Yellow River as the symbol of the Chinese nation as the image of running has created a surging passion and made the whole poem show great strength. At the same time, due to the poet's reference to China's traditional poetic expression, the poetry group has a lively rhythm and concise language. After the poet 1939 went to Yan 'an, he created a larger group of poems, The Yellow River Cantata. The Yellow River Chorus * * has eight movements, namely: Yellow River boatman song, Yellow River ode, how the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky, Yellow River counterpart song, Yellow River ballad, Yellow River resentment, defending the Yellow River roar, and Yellow River. The magnificent imagination and realistic pictures in the poem are intertwined, forming a magnificent historical picture, praising suffering and struggle, depicting the image of the Yellow River and reflecting the real scene of the heroic sons and daughters of the Chinese nation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Composed by Xian Xinghai, it became popular all over the country. Xian Xinghai praised it as "full of aesthetic feeling, realism, resentment and tragic feelings, which makes people who have never crossed the Yellow River and those who have been to the Yellow River feel the same way. The lyrics themselves have tried to describe the history of the Yellow River for thousands of years. Guang William. J engaged in literary and artistic activities in Chongqing from 65438 to 0940, and wrote a long narrative poem Qu Yuan, which, in the form of white terror, twists and turns expressed the people's strong demand for persisting in the war of resistance, opposing surrender, division and retrogression. After the "Southern Anhui Incident", he was forced to leave Myanmar to join overseas Chinese cultural circles and overseas Chinese youth in anti-fascist cultural activities. He returned to Yunnan in 1942, and from March 1943 to September 1944, he wrote a long narrative poem "Song of the Assisi" based on popular folk songs, and at the same time wrote a long lyric poem "Green Irava Bottom".

1944, Guang William. J joined Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo in the democratic movement and poetry reading activities in Yunnan. 1945 was persecuted by the Kuomintang government and left Kunming. The following year, he entered the Liberated Area of North China from Beiping, and successively presided over the teaching work in the Art College of North University and the College of Literature and Art of North China University. After the founding of New China, he was the editor-in-chief of Drama, Literary Newspaper and People's Literature. William. J Guang has been engaged in literary and artistic work in Beijing since the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Activities. He has successively served as the editor-in-chief of Movie Script, Wen Yi Newspaper and People's Literature, and has written a lot of literary criticism under his signature. These articles are rigorous in argumentation and free and easy in style, and dare to express their opinions in the face of major literary and artistic phenomena. They wrote articles on the anti-historicism tendency of historical dramas and divine dramas, realism and socialist realism in the inheritance of traditional operas, and actively explored the creation of new poems, which promoted the prosperity of China's new poetry creation with their own creative practice and theoretical research.

On February 30th, 1984 and 1984 gave a keynote speech entitled "Great strides in socialist literature" at the fourth general meeting of the Chinese Writers Association. He is the author of a collection of essays, Realism in Drama (1957), Literary Debate Collection (1958) and Talk about Wind and Rain (1982).

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mayflower (1960) has been published, and more than 30 representative works of the author before and after liberation have been included, including Qu Yuan, The Yellow River Cantata, Sanmenxia Chorus and other famous works. Other works not included are the political lyric poem Grand Festival of the Revolutionary People, Soul-stirring 1976 and the long narrative poem Hero Drilling Team. Bright poetry is full of passion and majestic momentum, and is good at containing a difficult and sudden torrent of the times with gorgeous images.

Guang William. J used to be the secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association and the party secretary of the Chinese Writers Association. And was elected as the third and fifth NPC deputies. He is a member of The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC) Advisory Committee and vice chairman of Chinese Writers Association.

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5. Behind the story

The Yellow River Cantata is the most representative and well-known work of Xian Xinghai. Music was born on the worst day before the Anti-Japanese War, 1938 1 1 month after the fall of Wuhan. The famous poet Guang William. J (formerly known as Zhang Guangnian) retreated with the Third Team of Anti-Japanese Drama and passed through the Yellow River, which inspired the poet's creation. Arriving in Yan 'an in January of the following year, the long-simmering poetry broke out, written as Yellow River poems, and performed in recitation on New Year's Eve. At that time, Xian Xinghai, who was the director of the Music Department of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an, was deeply moved before the recitation took place. In a small hole, he wrote for six days. Completed on March 3 1 day of the same year. On April 13, Wu Xiling conducted the premiere of the third anti-Japanese team in the Great Hall of the People in northern Shaanxi, and on May 1 1 day, Xian Xinghai conducted the performance of Lu Xun's performance team.

Li Huanzhi, a famous composer who has now become the president of China Musicians Association, recalls his performance of The Yellow River Cantata in Yan 'an, and has such a vivid description: "It is impossible to form a complete band in the border area where material conditions are extremely scarce. At that time, all musical instruments were used as much as possible, except three or four violins, namely erhu, sanxian, flute, lyre and percussion instruments. If you don't have a music stand, make a music stand with boards. If you don't have a bass instrument, do it yourself. Look at the right corner of the band, there is a new "weapon", which is a bass huqin transformed from a gasoline drum. It makes a sonorous metallic sound and sings the magnificence of the Yellow River. Look at the profile of this new "weapon". It is a new "weapon". It's a big enamel jar with a dozen or twenty spoons for eating. When the Yellow River Boatman Song was recited, "Then listen!" As soon as he finished singing, the conductor waved his arm, and this new percussion instrument made a "crash" sound, echoing the orchestra and gongs and drums, and cooperating with the chorus's "Cough, paddle! "...", set off the trend of galloping horses.

The Yellow River Cantata is an epic large-scale vocal suite, which is divided into eight movements. Writer: Guang William. J, composer: Xian Haixing. The works show the suffering and tenacious struggle of the people of China in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression era, and also show the great spirit and invincible strength of our nation. It takes the Yellow River, the birthplace of our nation, as the background, and shows what happened along the banks of the Yellow River, so as to enlighten people to defend the Yellow River, North China and China as a whole. The works are magnificent, fresh in color, simple and beautiful, with distinctive national style, which strongly reflects the spirit of the times. It is of great significance in the history of modern music in China, and has a great and far-reaching influence on the later chorus and other genres of music creation.

The first performance of the Yellow River Chorus was divided into eight segments, but somehow he accompanied it with three strings, and the third segment of "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of Heaven" recited by human voices was often omitted. It is said that it is difficult to find an actor who is qualified for this kind of recitation in wartime, so it is omitted and it has become a practice over time. In terms of creative techniques, Xian Xinghai used the western "chorus" form and chorus and harmony writing skills to create The Yellow River. As far as the subject matter is concerned, it has artistically shaped the reality and people's life, making The Yellow River Cantata a work of art with Chinese style, China style and sense of the times. Today, in the 1990s, the birth time and life background of the Yellow River are completely different from those of the Yellow River half a century ago, but the spiritual inspiration of this work to the Chinese nation still exists, and it is still exciting every time it sounds. That's the reason.

Perhaps today, we will have a deeper understanding of the appreciation of this work by revisiting the Creation Notes written by Xian Xinghai 1943 to 1945 in the Soviet Union.

"This chorus was written on March 26th 1939 and completed on March 3rd1day. Written in Lu Xun Art Academy in Yan 'an, an anti-Japanese base area in northern Shaanxi. The third team of the cross-time drama came to postpone. Comrade Guang William. J wrote the lyrics of Yellow River and gave them to me for music. After the writing, Wu Xiling, the third team, conducted the first performance in Yan 'an Northern Shaanxi Public School Auditorium on April 13. Then two Lu Yi anniversary parties were held on May 1 1 Sunday and 12, which were well received by all circles in Yan 'an.

Later, there was a big party in Yan 'an, such as welcoming Vice President Zhou, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, General Deng Baoshan, Mao Dun, representatives of Shen Zhiyuan and Mongolia, and the investigation group, condolence group and northwest photography group of the National Government, all centered on The Yellow River Cantata. This song was written in a small cave of Lu Xun Art Institute (the former site of Lu Yi). For the departure of the third team, I spent five or six days writing the soundtrack and chorus. Because this choir is popular everywhere in front and behind, I have long been interested in writing as a staff, and it is best to have a symphony orchestra to accompany the choir, but I am busy with educational affairs and creation, so I can't write it for the time being. But in the spring of 194 1, I successfully completed it. This orchestration method can be used in Europe, America and other countries, which is more international than the previous notation, but at the same time, this work is a national form with progressive skills.

This choir was repeatedly conducted by me when I was performing in Yan 'an. The choir increased from 100 to 500, with more than 20 bands, mostly using Chinese musical instruments. The audience could hardly hold on, and the sound could be heard far away.

When I was still in Yan 'an, people told me that both Chongqing and domestic newspapers mentioned that The Yellow River Cantata was the pioneer of new music during the Anti-Japanese War. 1940 When I was in Ann's office in the summer, Xiaosan told me that his wife saw an English newspaper reporting The Yellow River Cantata and me in Moscow. Kars Gheit 1940, a famous journalist and photographer in the Soviet Union, wrote articles in International Literature and Flags published in Moscow, including comments about me and The Yellow River Cantata. Of course I won't be satisfied with this. Especially one day, all the teachers and students of Luyi got together. Comrade Wu said that my efforts and The Yellow River Cantata won international praise. After listening to this, I began to feel ashamed, because the works I want to create over the years should be fruitful on the one hand and concise on the other. The Yellow River Cantata's success means nothing to me. I will redouble my efforts to contribute my energy and painstaking efforts to the great Chinese nation. I am gradually ashamed that my writing is not good enough for the people!

So I wrote the first symphony "National Liberation" and other works, but I will write my last breath. I never forget that Dan told us before he died at the age of 83 that he wanted to write and still wanted to finish his article on Richard Wagner! At the age of seventy-three, romain rolland still wanted to learn Russian because he discovered the treasure of Russian literature. When Beethoven died, he said,' I just wrote a few notes ...' What am I? Compared with them, it is much worse. Don't you work harder? "