How powerful is tnt explosive?

The steady propagation velocity of detonation wave in explosives is an important index to measure the performance of explosives.

The detonation velocity can be estimated by Martin formula, Camlet formula and other formulas, and measured by Trice method, timing method and high-speed photography method.

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Explosion velocity

Detonation velocity is related to a series of factors, such as charge diameter, density, particle size, external constraints, initiation conditions and so on. And it often increases with the increase of charge diameter. The minimum charge diameter that detonation velocity does not increase with the increase of diameter is called the limit diameter, and the minimum charge diameter that detonation energy can spread stably is called the critical diameter. Only under certain charge conditions can the propagation speed of detonation wave be a specific value. The detonation velocity of high explosives is 6 ~ 9 km/s (for example, TNT is 6900m/s and RDX is 8750m/s), and that of industrial explosives is 2 ~ 4 km/s. ..

Detonation velocity refers to the propagation velocity of explosive flame or its chemical reaction in wick, which is called detonation velocity, and varies with different explosive components.

According to the different propagation speed or mode of explosion flame or other chemical reactions, explosion can be divided into deflagration and detonation, and the propagation speed of chemical reactions in explosives is called detonation speed.

Deflagration is an explosion in which the detonation velocity is less than sound, while detonation is a supersonic explosion, and its chemical reaction propagates in the form of shock wave, so the explosion pressure and destructive force produced by detonation are much greater than deflagration.

An explosion with a detonation velocity less than 3000 feet per second is called deflagration, and an explosion with a detonation velocity greater than 3000 feet per second is called detonation. (1 ft = 0.3048m) Explosives can be divided into low explosive and high explosive according to the explosion mode or detonation velocity. Explosives with deflagration reaction or low detonation velocity are called low-grade explosives, such as black powder, propellant or rocket propellant. Explosives that will produce detonation reaction under normal use are called advanced explosives, such as TNT, Dynamay, etc., which have great explosive power, so they are also called high explosives.

Detonation velocity or detonation velocity, that is, the velocity of detonation wave passing through the grain, is an important parameter used to calculate the detonation pressure of explosives. Generally speaking, the detonation reaction with high detonation velocity has high pressure and strength, that is, sandstone has strong crushing ability. The traditional method for measuring detonation velocity is Dautriche method, which is simple, but its accuracy is not high. The relatively new method is to adopt advanced technologies such as high-speed photography, pressure probe and ion probe, and the measurement accuracy can be greatly improved. Among them, the ion probe method is simple in equipment, convenient in operation and quite accurate, and has become the main testing method.