How to start learning gouache. (mixed colors)

The first stage: teaching the basic theory of color.

For freshmen who have been exposed to color, it is necessary for the tutor to teach them the basic knowledge of color, such as the three elements of color, the emotional characteristics and symbolic significance of color, the coordination and expression of color, the contrast and harmony of color, the relationship between the spatial level of color and the theme, and the common categories of color tones. When students have a certain knowledge of color theory, they can arrange the following exercises.

Exercise 1: Draw three primary colors of red, yellow and blue on 8 boiled water paper, and then draw three intermediate colors of orange (red+yellow), green (yellow+blue) and purple (red+blue) and three composite colors of yellow gray (orange+green) and red gray (orange) in turn. This homework seems simple, but it can train students' accurate color matching ability and their ability to feel different colors.

Exercise 2: Add white with crimson (primary color), green (intermediate color) and blue-gray (composite color) from less to more on 8 boiled water paper, and do brightness shift operation with 2×2 cm as grid, with at least ten grid brightness changes. The purpose of homework is to make students understand that whether it is primary color, intermediate color or composite color, adding different amounts of white powder can improve brightness and reduce purity, and can exercise students' transitional ability in color brightness and purity, laying a certain foundation for shaping the body with color in the future.

Exercise 3: Use lemon yellow (primary color), purple (intermediate color) and red-gray (complex color) to add gray or black from less to more on 8 boiled water powder paper, and use 2×2 cm grids for purity shift operation, and there will be at least ten grid purity changes. The purpose of the homework is to help students understand that when different amounts of gray or black are added to the primary color, intermediate color and composite color, the original brightness and purity will be weakened.

Exercise 4: Do three groups of hue conversion operations from red to green, from yellow to purple, and from blue to orange on 8-inch gouache paper, which requires a natural connection between hues. The purpose of homework is to help students understand the mixture of adjacent colors, intermediate colors, similar colors and similar colors, master the subtle hue transformation between them, and prepare for shaping colorful bodies in the future.

The second stage: arrange students to copy excellent gouache model paintings.

Through the above four exercises, students can understand the most basic theoretical knowledge of color, so that they can have an intuitive feeling and a preliminary impression of primary colors, intermediate colors and various rich composite colors. If students are allowed to sketch directly at this time, the effect is often not ideal. Students can't draw rich colors, draw color relations that need to be coordinated and contrasted, use colors to shape the three-dimensional volume and rich texture of objects, and grasp and create harmonious and unified colors. The picture often has common problems such as fire, pink, dirty, flowery, greasy, flat and flat. Therefore, I think teachers should arrange a transition of color copying stage for students, because copying is "on the shoulders of predecessors" after all. High starting point and high vision can naturally help students to take fewer detours or even fewer detours! Therefore, teachers should choose some excellent template paintings that are suitable for students' ability, rich in color, clear in tone, affirmed with a pen and shaped. Before the students start copying, the teacher should also explain the success and merits of excellent template painting to the students. For example, the characteristics of its composition, the principle of color application, the skills of using pens, and the methods of artistic processing of pictures. Make students understand their learning goals and requirements, and lay a good foundation for the next physical sketch. The teacher can arrange the following three exercises first.

Exercise 1: Painting and copying exercises for excellent models in warm colors. Learning purpose: to feel the color tone, understand the psychological feeling of warm color tone, analyze its composition, and study its color principle and pen skills. Learning requirements: beautiful composition, accurate color matching, harmonious and unified color matching, and the picture effect is the same as that of model painting.

Exercise 2: Painting practice of cool color excellent models. Learning purpose: to feel the color tone, experience the psychological feeling of cool color tone, analyze its composition, and study the principles and skills of its color application. Learning requirements: beautiful composition, accurate color matching, harmonious and unified color matching, and the picture effect is the same as that of model painting.

Exercise 3: Painting practice of excellent models in gray tone. Learning purpose: to feel the color tone, understand the psychological feeling of gray tone, analyze its composition, practice the deployment of various rich grays (multi-color grays), and improve students' feeling of gray and color matching ability. Learning requirements: beautiful composition, accurate color matching, harmonious and unified color matching, and the picture effect is the same as that of model painting. It is suggested to arrange more excellent template paintings with gray tones, which can help students avoid the problems of raw, dry and angry colors and make the colors prepared by students rich, beautiful and calm.

The third stage: gouache still life sketch stage.

After the students have copied the excellent gouache template paintings of the above three colors, and have a certain picture effect, the tutor can first divide the following still life into several colors, and cross the students to do small-color sketch exercises with gouache paper of 16, and the time is controlled within half an hour. What I want to emphasize here is: Why do students use 16 to open such a small piece of paper to sketch? First of all, some students always think that when composing and paddling with No.8 paper, the paper is too small, and some objects will be washed out of the picture, so they just use twice as small paper to compose and paint on it, and nothing can rush out of the picture, so that they can understand that the composition of painting is not the size of the paper, but the correct proportion between objects when composing. As long as the proportion is correct, even a piece of paper the size of a stamp can draw a mountain, a river and a fishing boat, so as to train students' color sense. Secondly, because students use small paper to draw small color drawings when they are beginners in sketching, it can not only prevent students from falling into local areas in the process of sketching, but also aim at cultivating students' great sense of color and their ability to organize pictures, as well as their ability to grasp the overall tone and shape objects with pens. In fact, because the picture is too small, even if students want to drill a part, they will have to summarize the color and volume with a pen because the picture object is too small to write, thus cultivating students' great sense of color and high ability to summarize with a pen.

The first tone exercise: warm still life small color draft sketch exercise. The purpose of sketch is to feel the color tone, understand the psychological feeling caused by warm color tone, train the ability of composition, cultivate a keen sense of color tone, exercise the accuracy of color use and the generality of pen use, and grasp and create the overall color tone. Job requirements: the composition is reasonable and beautiful, the hue contrast of the object is clear and the colors are rich and harmonious, the pen used to shape the body is round and powerful, the color of the picture is harmonious and unified, and it has certain artistic appeal.

The second tone exercise: sketch exercise of cool still life with small color draft. The purpose of sketching is to feel the color tone, understand the psychological feeling caused by cold color tone, train the ability of composition, cultivate a keen sense of color tone, and exercise the accuracy of color use and the generality of pen use. Job requirements: the composition is reasonable and beautiful, the contrast of objects' tones is clear and rich, the tones are harmonious and unified, the shapes are summarized with a pen, and the picture effect is loud, both contrasting and harmonious, with certain appeal and artistry.

Exercise in the third key: sketching exercise of small gray still life. The purpose of sketch: to feel the color tone, understand the psychological feeling caused by gray tone, train the ability of composition, cultivate the keen feeling and deployment ability of different shades of gray, and exercise the accuracy of color use and the generality of pen use. Job requirements: reasonable and beautiful composition, clear hue contrast, rich and harmonious colors; Shaping the body is summarized with a pen, and the square is round. The color of the picture is harmonious and unified, with both contrast and harmony, and has a certain personality.

The fourth stage: conventional color training stage.

Most students in domestic art colleges use 4-open, 2-open or full-open paper for color painting practice. I think it's best to arrange students to do color still life sketching exercises with 8-and 4-size paper for a period of time, so that students can skillfully and beautifully construct graphics with this paper no matter what type of still life they draw. Especially, after small color's sketch practice, students will use 8-inch or 4-inch paper for composition, so that even complex still lives can be drawn reasonably and beautifully. In this stage of practice, we should also pay attention to cultivating students' great sense of color, advocate students to spread the great color relationship with big strokes, simply affirm with pens, and shape the body in general with big strokes; Color is mainly based on the grasp of hue contrast, cold and warm contrast, lightness contrast, purity contrast and complementary color contrast. It is required that the picture should be clear in tone, rich and harmonious in color, accurate and vivid in color relationship, convenient to use a pen, and the picture should have certain artistic treatment.

The fifth stage: the training stage of still life sketch with complex modeling and performance.

When the teacher can accurately and vividly show a certain picture effect no matter what color of still life is decorated (that is, it has reached the learning level of the fourth stage), the teacher can arrange a group of still lives with complex shapes, rich texture and tone contrast and certain performance, so that students can do long-term homework sketching exercises with 2-open or full-open papers. It requires reasonable and beautiful composition, accurate object modeling and perspective, clear picture tone, rich and harmonious colors, accurate and vivid color relationship, convenient use of pens, accurate, vivid and delicate expression of the texture of different objects, good picture color sense, strong sense of space, and certain realistic effect and artistry.

The sixth stage: dictation training

At this stage, teachers can use dictation (painting) to test students' feelings of color and their mastery of gouache still life painting. Dictation (painting) can be interspersed with still life of different colors. You can write (draw) the whole group of still life silently, or you can put one or two interlining pieces to ask you to write (draw) the main objects and fruits silently; You can also put one or two interlayers on the main body and fruit, or put one or two interlayers and fruits to write (draw) the main body and so on. The forms are not listed one by one, and teachers can design dictation (painting) topics according to the actual situation of the students they are tutoring.

Final stage: theme painting practice

After completing the above six stages of teaching and achieving certain teaching results, teachers can often arrange students to carry out some creative theme painting exercises. The purpose of this stage is to stabilize and improve students' color perception and ability to handle and express color art, and finally lay a solid foundation for students' further professional study in the future.