Jiuzhaigou detailed explanation?

Edit this waterscape swan song ● Chinese name: Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area

● English name: Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area

● Approval time:199265438+February.

● Heritage type: natural heritage.

● Heritage selection criteria: According to the natural heritage selection criteria N(III), Jiuzhaigou is listed in the World Heritage List.

Assessment by the World Heritage Committee:

Jiuzhaigou is located in the north of Sichuan Province, stretching over 72,000 hectares. The winding and narrow Jiuzhaigou is over 4,800 meters above sea level, forming a series of forest ecosystems with different forms. Its magnificent scenery is more interesting because of a series of long and narrow conical karst landforms and spectacular waterfalls. There are 140 species of birds and many endangered animals and plants, including giant pandas and Sichuan pronghorn.

Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area is located in Nanping County, Aba County, Sichuan Province in the west of China. Because nine Tibetan villages are located in this mountain and lake group, they are called Jiuzhaigou. The whole area is about 720 square kilometers, and most of it is covered by forests. The main scenery of Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area is more than 80 kilometers long and consists of two branches, namely gully-Nuorilang-Changhai and Nuorilang-virgin forest. There are six wonders: Changhai, Jianyan, Nuorilang, Shuzheng, Zharu and Black Sea, with beautiful scenery and natural purity. Among many mountain, water and forest landscapes, waterscape is the most beautiful. In the long and narrow valley, there are more than 100 lakes with colorful and crystal-clear mirrors scattered among them. Springs, waterfalls, rivers and beaches connect countless blue and clear lakes in a picturesque way. Coupled with the changes of snow peaks, blue sky and seasons, Jiuzhai scenery is known as "Huangshan returns without looking at the mountains, Jiuzhai returns without looking at the water" and "the king of water features in China".

Jiuzhaigou is located at the northern foot of Gana Peak in the southern section of Minshan Mountain. It is a branch ditch at the source of Jialing River in the Yangtze River system and a transitional zone from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Sichuan Basin. Its geological structure is complex. The height difference here is wide, the climate is diverse and the mountains and rivers are beautiful.

The main ditch of Jiuzhaigou is Y-shaped, with a total length of more than 50 kilometers. There are many lakes, waterfalls and travertine streams in the ditch. Water is the protagonist of Jiuzhaigou landscape. Green and crystal streams are dotted like necklaces between forests and shallows. Colorful lakes and magnificent waterfalls are dazzling.

In ancient times, when the earth was in the very cold interglacial and Little Ice Age, the calcium carbonate in the water here could not condense, and they died with the water. About 12000 years ago, after global warming, calcium carbonate in running water began to be active, and it persisted when it encountered obstacles. For thousands of years, it has accumulated more and more, and it has become the "Haizi" that people see in Jiuzhaigou now, consisting of milky white calcium dikes. Geologically, it is called a dammed lake.

Many people learned from fairy tales when they were very young that there was a colorful jade pond in the palace of the Queen Mother, but no one had ever seen it. However, in Jiuzhaigou, you can actually see a colorful lake, that is, a colorful pond hidden at the bottom of Zechawa Valley. Through the cracks in the forest, we can see that some places in the pool are blue, some places are light green, some places are crimson yellow, some places are gray-black, and some places are pink-blue ... If there is a mountain wind blowing, the lake will be colorful, really like a colorful Yaochi falling into the world. It is widely rumored in the local area that this is dyed by the fairy's rouge. But in fact, it is closely related to the aquatic community formed by aquatic plants such as Spirogyra, Charophyta and Pteris. Jiuzhaigou's blue sky, white clouds, snow-capped mountains, forests, waterfalls, rivers and beaches are woven into a string of pearls that seem to fall from the sky; Bonfires, roast sheep, pot farms, ancient and beautiful legends show the warm and powerful ethnic customs of Tibetans and Qiang people. Jiuzhaigou, Yaochi, is a colorful and dazzling jade basin, a primitive, quaint, magical and dreamy fairyland on earth, and a "fairy tale world" with no trace of dust and customs and pure nature! She has become the only sacred place in China with two laurels, namely "World Natural Heritage" and "World Biosphere Reserve", because she has wonderful natural and human landscapes such as the Emerald Sea, waterfalls, colorful forests and snow peaks. Jiuzhaigou is known as the "fairy tale world Jiuzhaigou" with peaks, colorful forests, blue seas, waterfalls and hidden feelings. With its original ecological environment, spotless fresh air, snow-capped mountains, forests and lakes, it forms a mysterious, fantastic and beautiful natural scenery, showing "natural beauty, natural beauty". Because of its unique original landscape, rich animal and plant resources are known as "fairyland on earth".

The language, costumes and customs of Tibetans here are obviously different from those of their neighbors. According to textual research, their ancestors once lived in Maqu, Gansu Province, and belonged to a powerful tribe at the foot of the Aoni Castle Peak. Songzanganbu stayed by the Baishui River when he marched eastward to Songzhou. According to the biography of Tubo in the Tang Dynasty, during Fan Ye's eastward expedition in the early Tang Dynasty, Songzan Gambu took the brave and skillful Hequ Department as the pioneer, occupied Songzhou in one fell swoop, and the second half of the troops stayed at Gonggangling. They brought the legend of Oro Goddess Mountain and the legend of the birth of the tribe in the primitive meander to Jiuzhaigou. The name of Sedao Mountain in Jiuzhaigou and the legend of Molo Semo both originated from Hequ. Located in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, northwest Sichuan, at the northern foot of Garna Peak in the southern section of Minshan Mountain, it is a branch ditch at the source of Jialing River in the Yangtze River system, with an altitude of 2000-4300 meters. Jiuzhaigou can travel all year round, especially in autumn. In the past, people couldn't travel in Jiuzhaigou in winter, but with the opening of the tourist highway from Chengdu to Jiuzhaigou, people found that the beauty of Jiuzhaigou in winter was bred in an inner room, and no one knew her. Since 1998 first introduced Jiuzhaigou winter tour, it has become more and more popular every year, especially during the Spring Festival. If you don't book in advance, you can't guarantee the housing of the tourism team at all.

Jiuzhaigou has opened four tourist attractions, namely Shuzheng, Rize, Zechawa and Zharu, with a length of more than 60 kilometers. The landscape is distributed in six scenic spots, namely Shuzheng, Nuorilang, Jianyan, Changhai, Zharu and Tianhai, with Sangou 1 18 Sea as the representative, including 12 waterfalls in Wutan, dozens of streams and dozens of springs as the main scenic spots, which together with the 12 peaks in Jiuzhai constitute the natural landscape of alpine valleys. The scenery of the four seasons is charming. There are abundant animal and plant resources, a wide variety, virgin forests all over, and more than ten kinds of rare wild animals such as giant pandas are inhabited. From a distance, it is known as the "beautiful fairy tale world", plus the cultural landscape composed of collectors' wooden buildings, hanging banners, trestles, mills, traditional customs, myths and legends. This section of virgin forest covers more than half of Jiuzhaigou. There are many kinds of plants in the forest. There are nearly 30,000 hectares of natural forests and more than 2,000 kinds of plants. There are many kinds of wild animals living here, including vertebrate 170 species, bird 14 1 species and national protected animal 17 species. The forest floor is covered with thick moss and scattered with feathers of birds and animals, which is full of primitive forest customs, making people feel like they are in a wonderful world.

Strange water landscape

The uniqueness of Jiuzhaigou (Table 1) is dominated by travertine lakes, travertine waterfalls and travertine beach streams on the plateau. Its waterscape is large in scale, numerous, beautiful in form, exquisite in appearance and excellent in environment, ranking first among the waterscapes in China scenic spots.

Beautiful comprehensive environment

Jiuzhaigou is based on the beautiful plateau scenery, and it is a collection of green lakes, waterfalls, Lin Qiu and snow peaks. Jiuzhaigou, known as "fairyland on earth", has always been regarded as "holy mountain and holy water" by local Tibetans. The mountains, waters, forests and rocks in the ditch are all objects of worship and protection by Tibetans. After the scenic spot was opened to the outside world, the orientals called Jiuzhaigou a "fairyland on earth" and the westerners called it a "fairy tale world".

Various types of landforms

Jiuzhaigou is located in the transition zone from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Sichuan Basin, with complex geological background, widely distributed carbonate rocks, developed folds and faults, strong neotectonic movement and large crustal uplift. Various forces are intertwined, creating a variety of landforms, developing large-scale karst travertine deposits, mainly plant karst travertine deposits, forming Jiuzhaigou's beautiful and elegant lakes, rushing streams, waterfalls with flying beads and splashing jade, and deep ancient acres of Lin Mang.

Well-preserved glacial remains

Jiuzhaigou Tianchi is magnificent, with sharp ridges, ice buckets and U-shaped valleys, and has the unique charm of suspended valleys and trough valleys. This valley extends to an altitude of 2800 meters. The ancient glaciers in the valley developed lateral bulge and terminal ridge, which became one of the better preserved places of Quaternary glaciers in China.

Gene bank of biological germplasm resources

Jiuzhaigou is an area where many natural elements meet, with deep mountain cutting, large height difference, obvious vertical band spectrum of plants and rich plant resources. There are 2576 species of higher plants, of which 24 are under state protection. There are more than 400 species of lower plants, including 2 12 species of algae, and more than 40 species of algae were first discovered in Jiuzhaigou (Table 3). There are various vegetation types, which are zonal vegetation types hidden in different climatic zones. Floristic elements are very rich, including almost all major world divisions. Many ancient and offspring plants are well preserved, with monotypic genera and oligotypic genera accounting for 3.3% and 13.73% of the total plants respectively. Primitive forms, such as Lagerstroemia indica, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Jin Lianhua and Leymus chinensis, have certain scientific value for studying the evolution of plant system and flora.

Jiuzhaigou has a total of wild rare animal resources 17 species. One of the protected animals is the giant panda, wildebeest and golden monkey. The second kind of protected animals are hairy-crowned deer, white-lipped deer, red panda, macaque, forest knight, red-bellied pheasant, green-tailed pheasant, swan and so on; These three protected animals are the mane antelope, impala, Diao Yang, blue pheasant and blood pheasant. Jiuzhaigou is a masterpiece of nature. The mountains are green and charming, and the water is clear and colorful; The mountains are close to the water, the water surrounds the mountains, the trees are born at the water's edge, the water flows in the forest, the mountains and rivers set each other off, the forest and water set each other off, the scenery is beautiful, the environment is fresh, and the harmonious unity of the comprehensive beauty and the original beauty, which integrates the beauty of color, form and sound, is the highest realm of human landscape aesthetics.

Comprehensive beauty is image.

The four Zhou Feng peaks in Jiuzhaigou are towering, and the snow peaks are towering. In the Y-shaped ravine surrounded by green hills, there are 1 14 cascade lakes, which are connected by many rapids, beaches and waterfalls, and are beaded with pearls and jade, winding for more than 50 kilometers. The lake is clear and gorgeous, and the waterfalls are colorful and choppy.

Mountains and rivers depend on each other, lakes and waterfalls are twins, water and trees blend and move: Jiuzhaigou is beautiful, lakes and waterfalls are integrated, and mountains, forests, clouds and sky are reflected in the water, adding to the scenery in the water. Water makes mountains greener, and mountains make water more beautiful. The ladder lake falls from the tree layer by layer, forming a waterfall in the forest. There is a waterfall under the lake, which pours into the lake. The waterfalls in the lake are twin, overlapping and interdependent. The quiet and green lakes and white waterfalls constitute the wonders of dynamic and static, dynamic and static, and blue and white. Trees grow by the water, water flows in the forest, and the special ecological environment where water and trees blend together constitutes calligraphy and painting with high aesthetic value, adding infinite vitality to Jiuzhaigou.

The landscape arrangement is orderly: Jiuzhaigou Mouth is 2000 meters above sea level, and the elevation of Changhu Lake and Caohu Lake at the top of the main ditch gradually rises to about 3000 meters. The landscape is constantly changing, from low to high, from simple to complex, from prologue to climax, and it is fascinating step by step. The landscape sequence of Jiuzhaigou is like a magnificent symphony, leaving people with unforgettable feelings of beauty.

The 7,000-meter stretch from Mizoguchi to Heyeba is a prelude to Jiuzhaigou, with lush trees, singing streams and reeds.

From the Lotus Leaf Dam to the Shuzheng Scenic Area, the space suddenly opened and played the first movement in the landscape sequence. Golden Spark Lake, colorful bonsai beaches, mysterious Wolong Lake, Shuzheng Lake and Shuzheng Waterfall of 19 Green Tree Waterfall, and Shuzheng Waterfall, which is 25m high and 82m wide and dotted with primitive water mills and small wooden bridges, appear in front of us, dazzling people and marveling at the magic of natural landscaping.

The Rhino Lake in Shuzheng Scenic Area is clear and transparent, with a wide water surface, giving people a beautiful and quiet feeling. After the rhinoceros lake, the wide Norilang Waterfall hangs like a white curtain in the green forest, which opens a splendid chapter of music. The scenic spots above Nuorilang have their own characteristics, which is the climax of Jiuzhaigou landscape. The area is concentrated with major lakes such as Changhu Lake, Jinghu Lake, Wuhua Lake, Caiwu Lake, Panda Lake, Swan Lake and Caohu Lake, as well as three waterfalls, the widest travertine beach and dense natural forests. Changhu Lake is 3060 meters above sea level, with an area of 1.5 square kilometers, surrounded by mountains, densely covered with snow peaks and dense forests. Jinghu Lake is as flat as a mirror, with blue sky, snow peaks, distant mountains and trees in the lake, and the scenery is fantastic. The water in Wuhua Lake is the most colorful, as colorful and unpredictable as a kaleidoscope. Colorful pools are green and blue, just like a magnificent gem embedded in a dark green forest. The clear water, clear streams, grass beaches and flower seas of Swan Lake and Caohu Lake are more primitive, natural and quiet against the backdrop of rock walls and forests, and they are like "fairyland". Nuorilang Waterfall, 320 meters wide, is the widest waterfall in China, located in the middle of Jiuzhaigou, and is a symbol of Jiuzhaigou. Pearl Beach Waterfall, 3 10/0m wide and 28m high, is connected with Pearl Beach. The surface of the waterfall is crescent-shaped, and the wide water curtain is like a huge circular screen. Waterfalls sound like thunder, flying beads splashing jade, magnificent. Panda Lake Waterfall is 78 meters high and 50 meters wide, which is the largest waterfall in Jiuzhaigou. It is freezing in winter, and the dazzling world of ice crystals is a great spectacle. The huge travertine beach-Pearl Beach, where the swift current stirs up countless waves, like countless rolling pearls under the sunlight. In the natural forests of Changhu and Rizegou, ancient trees are towering, moss is everywhere, and mystery arises spontaneously. These scenic spots are the most prominent scenic spots in Jiuzhaigou, each of which gives people a strong sense of beauty and makes people excited. Jiuzhaigou scenic spots are arranged in an orderly way, with staggered heights, ups and downs and natural circulation, which adds a comprehensive aesthetic feeling. Jiuzhaigou has dozens of square kilometers of tourist areas, with many scenic spots, beautiful landscapes and rich sightseeing contents, which are really rare.

Color beauty is the soul.

The beauty of Jiuzhaigou lies in its profusion, strangeness and endless changes. The lake in Jiuzhaigou is close to the forest, and the water quality is beautiful and crystal clear. The skylight, cloud shadow, snow peak and colorful forest are reflected in the lake, and the mirror image is clear. The reflection blends with the lake, making the lake more beautiful. With the change of morning and evening, spring, summer, autumn and winter, rain and snow, the lake has also become a variety of colors such as dark green, dark blue and emerald blue. What's even more peculiar is that the travertine deposits at the bottom of Wuhua Lake, and all kinds of colorful algae and submerged plants are distributed differently. The lake is divided into many color blocks, such as sapphire, emerald green, orange yellow, light red, etc., just like giant ornaments inlaid with countless gems, which are jeweled and elegant. When the autumn comes, the colorful colorful forest by the lake is reflected in the lake and mixed with the colors at the bottom of the lake to form a colorful world. Its rich colors are beyond the imagination of the painter. At dusk, the flaming sunset glow is reflected in the water. The lake is like a flame, Venus flies in, and colorful waves are sparkling and beautiful.

The vast forest, with the change of seasons, presents magnificent colors. In early spring, the mountains and plains are dotted with red, yellow, purple and white azaleas. Later, mountain peach blossoms and wild pear blossoms bloomed one after another, mixed with green trees and new leaves, and the whole forest was full of flowers. Midsummer is a sea of green, new green, light green, thick green, dark green and light green, showing great vitality. In late autumn, dark orange Tilia amurensis, light yellow Tilia amurensis leaves, crimson maple leaves and crimson wild fruits are scattered all over the mountains, like a huge oil painting with originality. The lake is bluer against the warm colors. Blue sky, white clouds, snow peaks and colorful forests are reflected in the lake, showing a strange waterscape. In winter, heavy snow falls, and the ice curtain of the ice waterfall is crystal white; The vast forest is like a beautiful tree. Jiuzhaigou, wrapped in white, looks white and elegant, like a sapphire in a white porcelain plate, which is even more dazzling.

Formal beauty is the theme.

Jiuzhaigou has various landscapes, including lakes, waterfalls, beaches and springs. The lake is lonely, clustered, mighty or beautiful, winning by reflection and dominating by color; The waterfall is more than 300 meters wide and nearly 80 meters high. It is magnificent, like the milky way falling from the sky, gentle and elegant, like a goddess scattering flowers; The beach, some like bonsai, some like pearls splashing; All the rapids, flying springs and layers of smoke and waves are endless. Jiuzhaigou is a collection of water shapes, colors, postures and underwater sounds, which captures the beauty of water features in the world.

Jiuzhaigou's waterscape is extremely beautiful, with appropriate proportions, ingenious composition, symmetrical lines and lively rhythm. No matter from which viewpoint and angle, you can see an extremely beautiful picture. In addition, the combination of surrounding mountains, trees, Tibetan feelings and other landscape factors makes Jiuzhaigou the most ideal creative source for painters, writers and photographers, and it is also the theme of China's film and television creation.

Jiuzhaigou's strange mountains and strange waters, intersecting in three dimensions and infiltrating in four dimensions, combine the beauty of color, shape and sound into one, forming a multi-level and multi-directional natural picture scroll. Its overall beauty can be described as "natural beauty, natural beauty". Wandering around Jiuzhaigou makes people intoxicated in the illusion of harmony and unity of vision, hearing and feeling, and enjoy the highest enjoyment of beauty.

This passage edited by Cui Hai.

Water is the soul of Jiuzhaigou, and Haizi (Lake) in Jiuzhaigou is more distinctive. The lake is blue and clear all year round. With the change of light and the passage of seasons, it presents different colors and water rhymes. Beautiful and exquisite; Powerful, blue waves do not lean; Calm and charming, whenever it is calm, blue sky, white clouds, distant mountains and trees are reflected on the lake. The strange scenery of "fish swimming in the clouds and birds flying to the bottom of the sea" emerges endlessly. Reality is hard to distinguish from reality, as unreal as reality. Colorful ponds are the "cooperative result" of sunlight, algae and lake bottom sediments. In a lake, the colors of goose yellow, dark green, reddish brown, crimson and emerald form irregular geometric figures and are intertwined with each other. Multi-tones are like five-color brocade. As the visual angle moves, the color is also changing, step by step, and the change is endless. In some lakes, when the wind is full of waves, microwave waves and sunshine shine brightly into flowers. The distant scene is like a burning ocean. In some lakes, calcified reefs lurk at the bottom of the lake, like dragons flowing in the mist. The whole ditch is dotted with grotesque lakes, which is dizzying. More than a hundred lakes, surrounded by ancient trees and exotic flowers, are like beautiful lace. Lakes are connected by rapids and waterfalls, just like pieces of jadeite are connected by silver chains and white rolls, each with its own characteristics and endless changes.

Diepu

Waterfalls are the best form of water flow, a must of nature, and Jiuzhaigou is the world of water. It is also the waterfall kingdom. Almost all the waterfalls here rush out of the dense forest, just like a green loom endlessly weaving white silk of various specifications. Here is the Norilang Waterfall, which ranks first in the country in width. It swooped down and hung on a high green rock, flying in the air like a huge curtain, magnificent. Some waterfalls roared out from the rocks, and after several ups and downs, they formed cascading waterfalls, like a group of silver dragons jumping unexpectedly. If the sound rolls snow, countless small water droplets are splashed and turned into confused water mist. When the sun shines in the morning, there are often wonderful rainbows, which are pleasing to the eye and lingering.

The waterfalls in Jiuzhaigou are very distinctive. Take Nuorilang Waterfall at the end of Shuzheng Formation Trench as an example, which overflows through the cracks in the trees. People can see that at the top of the waterfall, which is about 100 meters wide, there is a drainage willow going hand in hand, with branches and leaves climbing, forming a green wall. The trunks at the lower end of the green wall are regularly spaced, just like a long comb, combing the endless running water day and night.

The most peculiar waterfall in Jiuzhaigou is Pearl Beach Waterfall in Yuezegou. Its stone beach is above the cliff, as if hanging obliquely in the sky. Many round potholes on the beach have been melted by running water for thousands of years, rushed in and bounced back by rushing water, forming many flying water drops. They are rows, strings, layers, as big as a ball and as small as a marble, all crystal clear, especially after the reflection of sunlight, just like colored pearls.

Walking up the Zechawa ditch, you can see a huge lake near the top of the ditch. This is the crown of Jiuzhaigou, located in the long sea above 3000 meters above sea level. Changhai, which is accompanied by snow-capped mountains all the year round, has been an unknown paradise for centuries, until it was discovered by lumberjacks who entered the mountains in the 1970s. People who have been there say that it is very pleasant to go boating in the long sea in summer, but in spring and autumn, the world in the water is either reflected by snow-capped mountains with flowers in full bloom or set off by maple leaves set off by snow-capped mountains, which makes people confused whether it is spring scenery in winter or winter in autumn. In the dead of winter, the long sea turned into a huge ice lake. ...

Cai Lin

This colorful forest, known as the third of the five wonders of Jiuzhaigou, covers more than half of the scenic spots, with more than 2,000 kinds of plants competing for beauty, colorful plants, dark green and mysterious, thick moss and feathers scattered by birds and animals. Full of virgin forest scenery, people have a vast and distant sense of the world. 30,000 hectares of vast and desolate virgin forest, with the change of seasons, presents various wonderful faces. In autumn, Lin Tao and Jyukai put on gorgeous clothes. Deep orange cotinus coggygria, golden birch leaves, crimson maple trees and crimson wild fruits are dazzling with alternating tones. Every forest is like a huge natural oil painting. Up and down the water, moving and static intertwined, is a charming picture of the new autumn, strange and dazzling. In winter, the snow has turned Jiuzhaigou into a silvery white world, with vast forests, such as Yushu Qionghua, ice waterfalls and ice curtains, crystal clear and white. Jiuzhaigou, wrapped in silver, looks white and elegant, like a sapphire in a white jade plate, which is even more dazzling.

Xuefeng

Jiuzhaigou has three valleys, with high mountains and a panoramic view of the snow peaks. The ice bucket in the sun is dazzling, and people climb Mount Gallner. Looking around, the mountains are winding, the valleys are faint, the wonders of the sky are unobstructed, and the sea of clouds is endless.

dark blue

The religion in Jiuzhaigou is Tibetan Buddhism based on Bonism and dominated by Buddhist culture. Tibetans feed on highland barley, corn and wheat. Lightness and simplicity are two characteristics of Tibetan diet in Jiuzhai. Houses are mostly wooden buildings, generally divided into three floors, one for livestock, the second for people, and the third for churches. In Jiuzhaigou, young Tibetan men and women choose their spouses in the same way as Han people, one is free love, and the other is arranged by their parents.

In the 1970s, this wonderland, which had been silent for millions of years in the vast jungle, was finally discovered by a group of lumberjacks who accidentally broke in. 1987 was listed as a national nature reserve focusing on protecting the natural ecological environment; 1982, becoming the first batch of national key scenic spots; 1990, ranking first among the top 40 scenic spots in China. 1992, which was listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO; 1997 was listed in the world's "Man and Biosphere" protection network, and it is the only scenic spot in the world that won both awards.

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