Humen destroys opium. Baidu knows.

The destruction of opium in Humen (June 1839) refers to a historical event in which the Qing government of China appointed an imperial envoy Lin Zexu to destroy opium in Humen, Guangdong. This incident later became the fuse of the First Opium War, and treaty of nanking was also signed by the Qing government in that war. 13 June, 839 (that is, April 22nd, 19th year of Daoguang reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty), Lin Zexu ordered the public destruction of opium in Humentan, which lasted for 23 days until June 25th, and totally destroyed boxes of 19, 187 and 21/kloc-0. The destruction of opium in Humen has become a historic event in the anti-drug struggle. June 3, which began with the destruction of opium in Humen, was designated as a no-smoking festival during the Republic of China. June 26, the day after the end of cigarette sales, also happened to be the International Anti-Drug Day.

Historical background

Domestic situation in China

From the end of18th century to the middle of19th century, China was in the late period of the Qing Dynasty, which was also the end of the feudal system in China for more than 2,000 years. The situation in China can be summarized as follows:

1, economically backward. At this time, under the rule of the Qing government, China's self-sufficient natural economy, which combined small-scale peasant economy with cottage industry, still dominated. Land annexation is very serious. A large amount of cultivated land is concentrated in the hands of nobles and landlords, and the emperor is the largest landlord in the country. There are few or no farmers who account for the vast majority of the country's population.

There is land. Under the heavy exploitation of feudal land rent, taxes, corvees and usury, the peasants were trapped in poverty, bankruptcy and displacement. The contradiction between the peasant class and the landlord class was the main contradiction in society at that time.

2. Political corruption. The highly centralized monarchy in the Qing Dynasty has decayed. The emperor was arbitrary, arrogant and indulged in the dream of "going to heaven and going to earth". General government officials are ignorant and closed, official corruption is rampant, and official management corruption. Corruption became an irresistible epidemic of the ruling clique in Qing Dynasty. Joining the party for personal gain also formed a bad atmosphere in the ruling group at that time.

3. Weakness of armaments. On the eve of the Opium War, although there were 890,000 Eight Banners soldiers and Green Camp soldiers in the Qing Dynasty, they were numerous and their weapons were backward. They mainly used cold weapons such as knives, spears, bows and arrows. Moreover, military affairs are lax, lack of training, military discipline is corrupt, and national defense forces are very weak. It is decadent to reimburse more than 200,000 yuan a year (accounting for nearly half of the fiscal revenue of the Qing Dynasty at that time).

4. The ideological and cultural circles are unremarkable. The rulers of the Qing dynasty implemented a strict policy of cultural autocracy, along the

The destruction of opium in Humen

The imperial examination system of stereotyped writing for selecting scholars. Vigorously advocate the study of empty song dynasty, that is, divorced from the actual neo-Confucianism and Chinese studies, and vigorously promote the literary inquisition to clamp down and imprison scholars' thoughts. The ideological circle is in a rather numb, depressed and dreary atmosphere. 5. Closed to the outside world. The foreign policy adopted by the Qing Dynasty was a "closed door" policy. The closed-door policy has limited foreigners' maritime aggression against their country to a certain extent. However, from a long-term and overall perspective, this policy has not played a positive role in resisting colonial aggression. On the contrary, it restricts China himself, which is tantamount to getting lost. Therefore, it is fundamentally a negative, backward and wrong policy.

British trade invasion

At the same time, European capitalist countries rose rapidly. Britain basically completed the industrial revolution in the twenties and thirties of 19, which represented the most advanced productivity level at that time. China has huge population resources, which is the potential market that the British bourgeoisie dreams of. China's self-sufficient natural economy and China's closed-door policy are exactly what Britain did to China.

Lin Zexu

China is a stumbling block to the dumping of its industrial products. 65438+Before 1930s, China was always in a position of transcendence in foreign trade. The trade between China and Britain has always maintained the advantage of more than 23 million taels of silver per year. In order to reverse this situation, the British bourgeoisie, out of its predatory nature, attacked China's trade market with opium, and obtained a rich ill-gotten wealth. The British bourgeoisie first exported textiles to India, then opium from India to China, and then tea and raw silk from China to Britain. The British benefited a lot from this triangle trade. Apart from Britain importing opium to China, the United States also imported opium from Turkey to China, and Russia imported opium from Central Asia to northern China.

Due to the sharp increase in opium imports, the trade status between China and Britain has completely changed. Britain changed from surplus to surplus, while China did the opposite, resulting in a large outflow of silver. According to statistics, during the period of 1820- 1840, the silver outflow from China was about 654.38+200 million taels. The continuous outflow of silver caused by a large number of opium imports has begun to disrupt the treasury and currency circulation of the Qing Dynasty, bringing the economy of the Qing Dynasty to the brink of collapse. More seriously, the spread of opium has greatly damaged the physical and mental health of smokers. If left unchecked, the Chinese nation will face the danger of extinction.

Edit this paragraph

National smoking ban

The destruction of opium in Humen

The red-hot faction headed by Qishan criticized Huang Juezi, blaming other social problems for the harm of tobacco for various reasons, and only a few officials advocated banning smoking. Even Emperor Daoguang tasted opium before he ascended the throne, but he didn't quit smoking until he woke up, which made him hesitate to ban smoking. However, Lin Zexu had already banned smoking during his tenure as Governor of Jiangsu and Governor of Huguang, and swept away cigarette dealers and opium addicts. In view of Lin Zexu's success, Daoguang Emperor thought it was not impossible to ban smoking, so Daoguang Emperor made up his mind to remove the title of Prince Yidou, who smoked opium, and the title of Puxi, who assisted lord protector, and degraded the taste of Xu Naiji, a heavy smoker. Daoguang summoned Lin Zexu for eight consecutive days, and every day he summoned Lin Zexu to discuss the issue of smoking ban. In the 18th year of Daoguang (1838,65438+February 3 1), on November 15th, Lin Zexu was appointed as an imperial minister to pass customs, and smoking was banned nationwide.

After Lin Zexu became an imperial envoy, he was dissatisfied with Yan School and Manchu nobles. However, due to the imperial power of Emperor Daoguang, he dared not openly oppose it and had to secretly obstruct it. Qishan, the leader of the Chiyan Sect, threatened Lin Zexu, and later generations described the situation like this:

Gong Zizhen is also worried about Lin Zexu's safety. He suggested that Lin Zexu bring a skillful craftsman, who could fight back immediately in case of war, preferring to go south with Lin Zexu, but Lin Zexu did not want him to be involved in the political whirlpool and declined Gong Zizhen's kindness.

Deng Tingzhen, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Yiliang, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, jointly issued the imperial edict of Daoguang Emperor, sealed up cigarette houses, arrested cigarette dealers, and ordered the execution of Feng Angang, a China cigarette dealer. Lin Zexu's greatest resistance is William Jardine of Jardine Matheson and Lan Shilu's younger brother of Baoshun Foreign Firm. William Jardine returned to England to stop Lin Zexu and lobbied the government to take tough measures against the Qing court. As soon as Lin Zexu heard that William Jardine, the "iron-toed rat", had left, he said happily, "Iron-toed rat, the cunning opium smuggler, is afraid of angering China and has returned to the land of rime."

Edit this paragraph

Stop thirteen lines

In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839 March 10), Lin Zexu officially arrived in Guangdong and was greeted by a nine-gun salute. American businessman william hand also attended the ceremony nearby. He left an important document about Lin Zexu's appearance: "He is dignified, grim-faced, fat, with a thick black moustache on his upper lip and a long moustache on his chin. He looks about sixty years old." Lin Zexu visited Yuehua Academy first, and put forward a couplet: "All rivers run into the sea, bearing the Great Wall, being rigid without desire".

Many opium dealers believe that bribery can impress the new imperial envoys. However, Lin Zexu is different from traditional officials. He regards money as nothing. He limited all opium dealers to hand over all opium within three days, and signed a statement of breaking off relations, stating that they would never sell opium again. He promised: "If opium is brought in the future, once it is found out, the goods will be gone and people will be punished." Several cigarette merchants gave in and handed over the crow.

Daoguang

Movies, but most tobacco companies, including government officials and small officials, are unmoved. Lin Zexu declared: "As long as the opium is inexhaustible, this minister will not return for a day and swear to be with this matter. There is no reason to stop. " Knowing that intellectuals were on his side, Lin Zexu, who was really a petty official, called 645 students from Yuexiu College, Yuehua College and Yangcheng College to "take an exam" in Hiram's Hospital. This time it's called an exam, but it's actually a questionnaire survey. There are four questions: "1. Names of opium distribution centers and operators; 2. Retailers; 3. Disadvantages of smoking ban in the past; 4. Prohibition. " Since then, Lin Zexu has mastered the list of all tobacco dealers and corrupt officials.

During the smoking ban, Lin Zexu wrote a note to Queen Victoria, questioning that the Queen knew that opium was harmful, and opium was not produced in China, including London, Scotland and Ireland, and it was strictly forbidden for nationals to smoke it. However, it grows and produces opium in India under its jurisdiction and allows its nationals to trade opium in China. He asked the Queen to dispose of Indian opium, and told her that China had passed the Opium Smoking Prohibition Ordinance promulgated by King James, which completely banned smoking and made British nationals give up the opium trade.

Foreign tobacco companies thought it would be easy to hand over a small amount of opium to Lin Zexu for work, so they adopted delaying tactics, saying that they should carefully consider the order, set up a Committee to make a report and reply within seven days. Lin Zexu was very angry and ordered the tobacco seller to hand over the opium on time, otherwise he would go to the thirteenth line to judge the foreign tobacco seller at 0: 00 the next day. American tobacco dealers expressed their willingness to follow Lin Zexu's instructions and were stopped by Lan Shilu's brother. As a result, three days later, the tobacco dealer decided to symbolically distribute 1037 boxes of opium. So Deng Tingzhen ordered the blockade of the coast of Guangzhou and besieged the thirteenth line. The younger brother of Lanshi Road tried to escape and was captured alive by Deng Tingzhen.

At that time, the commercial director was Charles Elliot. As soon as he heard that the 13 line was surrounded, he rushed to Guangzhou from Macao. When Yi Law saw that the thirteenth line was guarded, he broke in with his sword. The guards had to let him go, but they would never let him out. Lin Zexu ordered all the China people in the 13th line to move out, cut off communication and cut off water and food. There are 350 foreigners in the thirteenth line, who have to cook, wash clothes, make beds, clean lamps, carry water, milk cows, and do housework that they don't usually do.

On February 1 1 day (1March 25, 839), yilu gave in and was willing to meet any official. Guangzhou magistrate saw him, but Yi Fa did not appear. Lin Zexu issued an ultimatum to Yifa-"the four drafts instructed foreign businessmen to transport opium, tobacco and alcohol", denouncing Yifa, and Yifa finally obeyed Lin Zexu's order at 6: 00 on February 14 (March 28th, 1839). Presented "Submitting 20283 Boxes of Cigarettes according to Law" to Lin Zexu; From March when Lin Zexu arrived in Guangzhou on 10 to March 28 when Yifa was forced to hand over all opium, the total time was *** 18 days.

However, just laws left a legacy. He refused to let foreign tobacco dealers give opium directly to Lin Zexu, but gave it to him first, and then handed it over in the name of Her Majesty's government, including interest and freight, 20,238 boxes of opium. Make the commercial conflict disguise the conflict between the two great empires in Chung ying Cheng.

After the incident of blocking thirteen lines, it was written in treaty of nanking, and it was used as an excuse to demand compensation of 6 million silver dollars. The treaty reads: "Fourth, because the imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty stationed in Daxian, in February of the 19th year of Daoguang, was equivalent to forcing British consular officers and civilians to stay in Guangdong, threatening death and demanding opium to redeem their lives, the current great emperor was allowed to compensate the original price with six million silver dollars."

Edit this paragraph

Cigarette sales process

On-site exhibition of opium destruction in Humen (in the ancestral hall of Lin Zexu in Fuzhou)

In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839 April 10), on February 16th, Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen and Yu Kun, the supervisor of Guangdong Customs, arrived in Humen by boat and received opium with Guan Tianpei, the prefect of Guangdong Navy. The cigarette seller paid for cigarettes in Shajiao and issued a receipt from Louisa. Lin Zexu also suggested that if you hand over a box of opium, you will be rewarded with five Jin of tea.

American and Dutch tobacco dealers promised never to sell opium again, but the law was broken, opium was transported on the way to pay for cigarettes, and the time to pay for cigarettes was delayed for various reasons. Lin Zexu played along and extended the blockade of thirteen lines, but Yi Law had no choice but to hand over all the cigarettes. On March 19 (1839 May 12), people paid cigarettes, arrested drug addicts and cigarette sellers 1600, and confiscated 46 1526 cigarettes and 4274 1 0. On the sixth day of April (1839 May18), the cigarette seller handed in the cigarettes and * * * received 19 187 boxes of 2 1 19 bags. On April 1 1 day (1May 23, 839), British businessmen such as Lanshi Ludian were expelled from China, and the next day, Yili also evacuated thirteen British businessmen to Macau.

Lin Zexu wanted to transport opium back to Beijing for destruction, but Deng Ying thought it better to destroy it on the spot to prevent opium from being secretly replaced, and Daoguang Emperor agreed. Lin Zexu decided to sell cigarettes publicly in Humen, and then Lin Zexu had to find a way to destroy opium. Lin Zexu used the traditional "burning tobacco soil mixed with tung oil" to destroy opium, but the paste would seep into the ground, and drug addicts could still get 23/ 10 by digging the soil. So Lin Zexu found the second method "seawater immersion method".

The destruction of opium in Humen

The method of seawater immersion is to dig two ponds at the seaside, lay stones at the bottom of the ponds, nail boards around them, and dig a ditch to prevent opium from leaking out. Pour the salt water into the ditch and flow into the pool. Then cut the tobacco soil into four pieces, drop them into salt water, soak them for half a day, then add lime, and the lime will boil in water to dissolve the tobacco soil. The soldiers kept stirring in the pool with wooden harrows to ensure that the smoke soil was completely dissolved in the water. When the tide ebbs, send the pool water out of the ocean and wash the bottom of the pool with clean water, leaving no trickle.

The diary of the day also said: "Digest opium during the day, release the ocean, and let the aquarium move temporarily in advance to avoid its poison."

On April 22nd (1June 3rd, 839), the destruction of opium in Humen officially began. A ceremony platform was set up in Humen, and a long yellow silk banner was hung in front of the platform, which read "An imperial envoy was ordered to investigate the control of land and water by Tang Lin, the Governor's Department of Haikou Affairs, Guangdong Province", and all senior Guangdong officials attended. Because selling cigarettes is a public visit, and before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, everyone went to Humen Shoal. In addition, there are foreign businessmen, consuls, foreign journalists and missionaries. Those who didn't sell opium came to visit from Macao or other places, and none of them were British to protest against the oppression of British property by the Qing court.

Among them, American businessman C·W· King, missionary Elijah Coleman Bridgman, merchant captain Ji Xun and other ten people did not sell opium with their families. They didn't believe that Lin Zexu had the means to completely eliminate all opium, so they came to the field for textual research. Lin Zexu simply let them enter the pool and let foreign observers directly look at the methods of selling cigarettes in detail and explain them along the way. After watching the whole process and making repeated investigations, I was convinced and took my hat off to Lin Zexu. Later, the missionary Elijah Coleman Bridgman described in his "China Series":

In addition, foreign newspapers such as Macau Monthly, Quarterly, Singapore Freedom, Guangzhou Times, etc. They all reported the destruction of opium in Humen for a long time, and they were supported and affirmed by foreigners who had nothing to do with opium trade. In Britain, prices have also risen because of this incident, especially rice, silk and silver.

The Australian and Portuguese governments are also quite cooperative in banning opium. Portuguese businessmen have promised not to sell opium, and Lin Zexu is welcome to visit in person. Lin Zexu later issued a statement that not only Portuguese businessmen can trade normally, but also they will be protected when trading with China and will never be bullied.

From April 22nd to May 10 (1June 20th, 839), * * * 2,376,250 Jin of opium was destroyed, and a small amount of opium was sent to Beijing as a sample and then destroyed.

Edit this paragraph

Historical influence

The destruction of opium in Humen curbed the spread of opium in China to a certain extent and had a positive impact on the people. Secondly, the anti-smoking campaign has greatly raised the awareness of the general public in China about the dangers of opium, and made many people see clearly that Britain is facing China.

The destruction of opium in Humen

The essence of opium trafficking in China awakens people's patriotic consciousness. After this incident, Lin Zexu, a hero who banned smoking, was honored as a national hero. Its honesty and integrity are also respected by future generations. However, the "smoking ban in Humen" did not effectively rescue China from the quagmire, but accelerated the British invasion of China. The reason is that the anti-smoking movement directly harmed the interests of the British bourgeoisie, and the British government quickly decided to launch a long-planned war of aggression against China. "Humen destroyed opium" has also become the fuse for foreign powers to launch the opium war. From this point of view, the Opium War in Humen accelerated the pace of China's semi-colonization, and promoted the development of modern China history to a great extent.

Edit this paragraph

Historical significance

On the one hand, the destruction of opium in Humen awakened many patriotic people of insight at that time, and they began to reflect and reposition China's position in the world, and no longer called themselves "China". On the other hand, it also greatly suppressed the British opium trade in China, dealt a heavy blow to the British bourgeoisie's trade plunder in China, and showed the firm determination and awakening consciousness of China people to ban smoking.

In addition, this incident has also become an example of the world's anti-smoking movement. Many countries and regions in history have followed suit in light of their own conditions to curb the spread of drugs.

Lin Zexu led the victory of the anti-smoking movement and safeguarded the dignity and interests of the Chinese nation. "Destroying opium in Humen" is an important historical example of China's opposition to imperialism in modern history, and it is also an unprecedented feat in human history. Historians believe that it shows the determination of the Chinese nation to resist foreign aggression, and it is of symbolic significance for the people of China to resist foreign aggression.

Edit this paragraph

The hero of smoking ban

Lin Zexu

1, Lin Zexu (1785- 1850) Lin Zexu was born in Houguan County (now Fuzhou) in the evening. In his early years, his family was poor and well educated. Being an official for 40 years, he "takes the world as his own responsibility" and is cheap.

The destruction of opium in Humen

Clean public services should also pay attention to water control, disaster relief and people's welfare. In the 16th year of Qing Jiaqing (18 1 1), he entered imperial academy as Jishi Shu, taught editing, and successively served as examiner after having obtained the provincial examinations in Jiangxi and Yunnan, supervised the censor of Jiangnan Road, the provincial judges in Hangjiahu Road, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shaanxi, and the ministers in Hubei, Hunan and Henan provinces. In the eleventh year of Daoguang (183 1), Daoguang was promoted to the governor of Donghe, and presided over the construction and dredging of the Yellow River and canals. /kloc-was promoted to governor of Jiangsu in 0/2 years, and 18 years (1838) served as governor of Huguang. The opium ban has achieved remarkable results. 1 1 In June, he served as an imperial envoy and went to Guangdong to ban opium and control the Guangdong navy. Lin Zexu vowed in Guangdong: "If opium lasts for a day, I will be with you for a day." British businessman Yi Fa and others were afraid of Lin Zexu's Yi Fa and were forced to hand over more than 20,000 boxes of opium and destroy them in Humentan. His greatest achievement is that he led the vigorous anti-smoking movement in China-Humen destroyed opium, commanded the anti-British struggle, safeguarded national sovereignty and national dignity, and became the first national hero and patriot in modern history of China. Thirty years after Daoguang (1850), Lin Zexu died of illness. In the first year of Xianfeng (185 1), Emperor Xianfeng was sacrificed and buried, and posthumous title was "Wenzhong", giving a gold gift to Prince Taifu. After the death of Lin Zexu, the whole country mourned and Fuzhou built a shrine to worship.

Huang Juezi

2. Castanopsis fissa (1793- 1853)

Huang Jue Zi (1793- 1853), male, from Yihuang, Jiangxi, is named Decheng. In the third year of Daoguang (1823), he was a scholar, edited by the Hanlin Academy, and served as the supervisor of imperial history, military science and engineering. Nineteen years of Daoguang (1839)

The destruction of opium in Humen

Later, he successively served as Shao Qing of Dali Temple, the general political envoy of the General Political Department, the right assistant minister of does, the right assistant minister of punishments and the left assistant minister. Before the Opium War, he proposed that smokers should be severely punished when smoking was banned, which aroused a big debate among military and political officials in China provinces about prohibition and irrepressibility, and became the initiator of Lin Zexu's anti-smoking movement. After the outbreak of the Opium War, he was sent to Fujian and Zhejiang to investigate opium smuggling and inspect coastal defense, persisted in resisting aggression, and exposed the foreign compromise conspiracy of the capitulators. "For a moment, I thought the goal was clear."

In the 18th year of Daoguang (1838), on the 10th day of April, Huang Jue was appointed as the minister of crack hon temple. In view of the serious situation of drug abuse at that time and the negative influence caused by Xu Naiji's "anti-drug theory" two years ago, he presented a memorial to Daoguang, advocating that drug abuse is strictly prohibited. This is the famous book "Strictly Stop Missing State Capital". In this memorial, starting from the serious difficulty of the shortage of national fiscal revenue, he put forward the view that in order to stop a large number of silver outflows, it is necessary to "cure cigarettes first". It is the most urgent thing for Huang Jue to explain, reason and analyze interests, forcing the supreme ruler of the Qing Dynasty to make the final choice on this issue. This memorial played an important role in Daoguang Emperor's final decision to ban smoking and sent Lin Zexu to Guangdong to ban smoking, which had a positive impact in China.

Daoguang

4. Daoguang (1782 ~ 1850)

The reign time of Daoguang was 1820- 1850. During Daoguang's reign, he was called Daoguang Emperor. Ai Xinjue Roche, whose real name is Yongning. Temple name Xuanzong, posthumous title Xiao Tianfu Li Yunzhong Zhizheng arrived in Wu Wensheng, brave, kind, thrifty, diligent, filial and tolerant, and determined to be emperor. The second son of Qing Renzong (Jiaqing Emperor). Mother Xiao Shurui and Queen Xi Lata. Formerly known as Mianning, he was studious and clever since childhood. In the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13), he was named Prince of Wisdom. In twenty-five years, Emperor Jiaqing died. Mianning succeeded to the throne and renamed Xuanzong Yunning. When Daoguang ascended the throne, it coincided with the decline of the Qing Dynasty, political corruption, abandoned armaments and internal and external troubles. Opium trade directly damages social production and national strength. Some enlightened officials strongly demand that smoking be banned. In order to save the national financial crisis and support smoking ban, Daoguang Emperor issued several decrees prohibiting opium import and self-production.

In the 18th year of Daoguang (1838), Lin Zexu was sent to Guangzhou by an imperial envoy to ban smoking. Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Guan Tianpei, Governor of Guangdong Navy, arrested cigarette dealers and rectified coastal defense, and achieved remarkable results. However, the anti-smoking movement harmed the interests of the British bourgeoisie, and Britain launched the Opium War on the pretext of "Humen exterminating opium". After a series of setbacks, Emperor Daoguang gave up his resistance, and his attitude towards foreign invaders changed to just reaching an agreement and making peace.

Deng tingzhen

5. Deng Tingzhen (1776— 1846)

Deng Tingzhen, also known as Yijun, is an old man and Gang in Miaoji's room.

The destruction of opium in Humen

Old wooden man. Jiangsu Jiangning (now Nanjing) people. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (180 1 year), he was a scholar, chose Jishi Shu to teach editing, and set up schools and examinations in Ningbo, Yan 'an, Yulin, Xi, Hubei, Jiangxi and Shaanxi. 1826 (six years of Daoguang) served as the governor of Anhui, and 1835 was promoted to the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. 1June, 836, Xu Naiji called for the abolition of opium. At first, he agreed that "relaxing the traffic ban is actually beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood." Later, because Zhu Gui and Xu Qiu strongly advocated the influence of banning smoking, and witnessed the serious scourge of opium, in the spring of 1837, the ban was changed from relaxing to banning, and Guan Tianpei, the naval officer of the Advisory Council, "patrolled every rainy night" and "bravely killed the enemy, hell to pay".

At the beginning of 1839, Daoguang Emperor made up his mind to be honest with Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy, and actively assisted Lin Zexu in cracking down on opium smuggling, collecting opium, buying wooden chains and rectifying coastal defense, and became a close colleague of Lin Zexu.

Edit this paragraph

Monument witness

1, Humen monument destroys opium

Before the founding of New China, the commander of Humen Fortress erected a one-meter-high monument to the place where cigarettes were sold. But no one manages it, and the old site of the whole tobacco selling pool is overgrown with weeds and desolate. After the founding of New China,

The destruction of opium in Humen

In order to commemorate the righteous act of exterminating opium in Humen and Lin Zexu, a great national hero, the Party and the government established the Lin Zexu Memorial Hall in the former site of 1957 Tobacco Selling Pool, and erected the "Lin Zexu Monument".

2. Humen Lin Zexu Memorial Hall

Humen Lin Zexu Memorial Hall is a memorial hall for historical figures to commemorate the national hero Lin Zexu. The former site of Lin Zexu's cigarette selling pool is located in the south of Koucun Village, Humen Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The former site of Lin Zexu's cigarette selling pool is a national key cultural relic protection unit. 1957, the people's government established Lin Zexu Park and Lin Zexu Memorial Hall in the former site of the tobacco pond. 1972 Lin Zexu Park and Lin Zexu Memorial Hall were renamed Humen People's Anti-British Memorial Hall during the Opium War. 1985, restoration of Humen Linzexu Memorial Hall. The museum covers an area of nearly 40,000 square meters. The cultural relics collected in Humen Lin Zexu Memorial Hall mainly include: wooden stakes, wooden boards, opium smoking sets, Lin Zexu's handwriting and so on. The basic display of the museum, Lin Zexu's No Smoking, is divided into three parts: the situation before the Opium War; Sinful opium imports; Lin zexu and banning smoking in guangdong. The museum educates the audience in patriotism through lectures, publicity and video screening.

3. Humen Smoke Pool

Humenchi opium destruction is located at the mouth of Taiping Town, Dongguan County, and the cigarette selling pool is adjacent to the Pearl River in the south.

The destruction of opium in Humen

Niu Bei is in the north and Zhenkou is in the west. It was built to commemorate the heroic achievements of the people of China in resisting foreign aggression. 1839 From June 3 to June 25, Lin Zexu destroyed the opium collected here in public places by "soaking". The current cigarette selling pool was rebuilt by 1957. The objects and historical materials in the museum show unforgettable scenes of the Opium War. From 65438 to 1930s, a large amount of opium was brought in, endangering the health of domestic people, and countless silver flowed out, leaving the country weak and the people poor. Emperor Qing Guang accepted Lin Zexu's memorial to ban smoking, and sent Lin Zexu to Guangzhou for investigation, forcing foreign opium dealers to hand over opium in Humen. In order to destroy these drugs, two large ponds, each 45 meters long, were specially built. Slate is paved at the bottom of the pool, and fence piles are nailed around it. A culvert was opened beside the pool, and a ditch was connected behind the pool. When destroying opium smoke, first store water in the pool, sprinkle salt into concentrated brine, put opium into the pool in batches and melt it with concentrated brine. Then add quicklime and stir, which will cause a reaction immediately. The explosion occurred, causing its decomposition and corrosion. Finally, the mixed waste residue was washed away with river water, leaving no drop. After about three weeks of history, opium was finally destroyed. From June 3 to June 25 1839, the relics such as pool boards and wooden stakes in the tobacco selling pool are now on display in opium war museum beside the pool.

Edit this paragraph

Film and television works

Film Lin zexu

Director/Screenwriter: Zheng

Starring: Zhao Dan, Han Fei

Introduction: This film is a biography of historical figures, a classic in New China movies, and the first color feature film released by China in the United States. Screenwriters Ye Yuan and Lu Dang's plays were awarded "Guodian" by the Chinese Writers Association and the Ministry of Culture.

The destruction of opium in Humen

The third prize of the screenplay award for film literature. Directors Zheng and Cenfan also strive to pursue and show distinctive national styles; Lin Zexu and other historical figures closely combined with the narrative of major historical events at that time, "showing the tenacious resistance spirit of the people of China who are unwilling to yield to imperialism and its lackeys." Make the whole movie have a grand artistic style. As a biographical film, it successfully created the screen image of a feudal politician, Lin Zexu, who was "for the benefit of the people" and "feared by the people".

In a word, the film Lin Zexu shows a patriot Lin Zexu's hard struggle against imperialism and smoking ban, and also shows his position consistent with the people's will on this point. Because of the corruption of the whole Qing Dynasty, Lin Zexu's anti-smoking movement can only end in tragedy. However, while describing Lin Zexu's failure, the film also shows that the people's anti-British movement is booming: Lin Zexu, who was demoted, saw the thrilling struggle of the Sanyuanli people's "Pingying Group" to destroy the British invaders. Since then, the history of China has turned a new page. It can be said that the film Lin Zexu is a glorious page in the image history of China people's anti-aggression struggle.

The movie Opium War

Director/Screenwriter: Xie Jin

Starring: Bao Guoan, Lin Liankun

Introduction:

Won the 17 Golden Rooster Award for Best Story, Best Photography, Best Recording, Best Prop and Best Supporting Actor in Chinese Film;

1997 China film "huabiao award" outstanding feature film award;

Shanghai Film Critics Award "Yongle Cup" 1997 "Top Ten Films" honorary title;

1997 Montreal International Film Festival "American Special Award".