Santorini Island, the volcanic pearl of Aegean Sea.

Maybe you know the relationship between Europe, Asia and Africa.

Triangle, Aegean sea,

You've also heard of volcanic eruptions with great energy.

You can imagine such a place.

Experienced many volcanic disasters.

But the scars after the catastrophe look so beautiful.

This place once gave birth to multiculturalism and high civilization.

It is the starting point of western civilization.

Blue sea and blue sky, dry sea and rotten stone, honeymoon holy land.

This is one of the most beautiful places in the world.

There is the most beautiful sunset in the world.

The most magnificent seascape.

Is a gathering place for artists,

Is a photographer's paradise,

This place is

Santorini Island.

Sunset in fila

Santorini Island was called Scylla Island in ancient times, and officially called Scylla Island. Santorini was named by the Latin Empire in the13rd century, referring to the name Saint Irene, which comes from the name of an ancient church. Santorini's name is short for Saint irini.

Santorini Island is an island in the Aegean Sea, located about 200 kilometers southeast of the Greek mainland. It is the southernmost island in cyclades, covering an area of about 73 square kilometers (28 square miles). The population of 20 1 1 is 15550.

Three-dimensional rotating santorini Island

Satellite images of santorini volcano.

Map of santorini Island (1703)

Santorini Island is composed of several small islands, and the largest island in santorini Island Ring is also called santorini Island. Including inhabited santorini Island and Therasia Island, and uninhabited Nea Kameni, Palaia Kameni in Palaia, Aspronisi and Christiana in Asproni. It covers 90.623 square kilometers (34.990 square miles). Feila, the capital of santorini Island, is located on the west coast of the island.

Fira

3.5 thousand years ago

In the 10,000-year history of mankind

The most violent volcanic eruption

Volcanic ash covered the eastern Mediterranean.

Crater Fiona Fang 60 kilometers.

The sky broke and the earth sank into a tsunami.

Causing changes in global temperature.

Volcanic ash even drifted to the North Pole and Greenland.

Used to be part of this island.

Now there are only craters left.

Crater of santorini Island

This island is one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history: Minos (sometimes called the eruption of Syracuse volcano), which occurred at the peak of Crete civilization about 3,600 years ago. The volcanic eruption left a huge crater, surrounded by volcanic ash deposits hundreds of meters deep. It may indirectly lead to the decline of Crete civilization on Crete through a huge tsunami. Another popular theory holds that this volcanic eruption is the source of the legend of Atlantis.

Aerial photo of crater

It is the most active volcanic center in the volcanic arc in the southern Aegean Sea, although what remains today is mainly a crater filled with water. The volcanic arc is about 500 kilometers long and 20 to 40 kilometers wide. The earliest volcanic activity in this area was about 3 million to 4 million years ago, while the volcanic activity in santorini began about 2 million years ago, when dacite lava erupted from the crater near Akrotiri, Accodo Province.

Scaro Locke (Scaro Locke)

It was originally the site of medieval fortifications.

Santorini Island Geological Survey

Santorini Island is the southernmost island in cyclades, and KiClardy is a part of metamorphic complex called KiClardy Block. Metamorphic complex was formed in Miocene (23-5 million years) and folded and metamorphic in Alps orogeny 60 million years ago.

Santorini Island is located on a small non-volcanic basement, representing the former non-volcanic island, about 9 6 kilometers. Basement rocks are mainly composed of metamorphic limestone and schist, which were formed in the Alps orogenic period. The metamorphic grade is blue schist facies, which is a structural deformation formed by the subduction of the African plate under the Eurasian plate. The subduction occurred between Oligocene (33-23 million years) and Miocene (23-5 million years), and the degree of metamorphism represents the southernmost part of the Clardy blue schist belt.

The cause of volcanic activity in santorini Island.

Volcanic activity in santorini Island is caused by the subduction zone of the Greek trench in the southwest of Crete Island. The marine crust on the northern margin of the African plate dives under Greece and Aegean Sea, which is a thinned continental crust. The subduction forced the formation of the Greek arc, including santorini and other volcanic centers, such as Mina, Milos and Kos.

The unique volcanic landform of santorini Island.

What can be seen on santorini Island is the repeated sequence of shield volcano construction and crater collapse. The highest point of the inner coast around the crater is a steep cliff of more than 300 meters, showing layers of solidified lava, and the main towns are located at the top.

Then the ground surface inclines outward and extends downward to the periphery, and the beach on the periphery is smooth and shallow. The color of the beach depends on the exposed stratum. Sand or pebbles are solidified by lava of various colors, such as red beach, black beach and white beach.

Red beach

Volcanic eruption on santorini Island.

Santorini volcano has erupted many times, with different degrees of eruption. There were at least 12 large-scale volcanic eruptions, in which at least 4 craters were formed. The most famous volcanic eruption is Minos volcano eruption. The eruption products range from basalt to rhyolite, which is related to the maximum eruption degree.

The earliest volcanic eruption occurred in Akrotiri Peninsula of Accodo, many of which were submarine volcanoes, which were active 650,000 to 550,000 years ago. They are different from later volcanic activities in geochemistry because they contain amphibole.

In the past 360,000 years, there have been two main cycles, and each cycle ended with the formation of two craters. When magma evolved into rhyolite composition, this cycle ended, leading to the most explosive eruption. At the same time, there are a series of sub-periods between big periods.

Aerial view of santorini Island

Minos volcanic eruption

The devastating eruption of Mount Scylla was the most important historical event in the Aegean region before the fall of Troy. This may be one of the biggest volcanic eruptions on earth in recent thousands of years.

In santorini Island, it was found that the white pyroclastic sediments thrown by volcanic eruption were 60 meters thick, covering the soil marked on the ground before volcanic eruption, forming three layers with obvious divisions, indicating the different stages of volcanic eruption. In 2006, an archaeological discovery made by a research team composed of international scientists showed that the scale of the santorini Island incident was much larger than previously thought. About 6 1 cubic kilometer of magma and rocks enter the atmosphere, and the generated pyroclastic materials are estimated to be 100 cubic kilometer.

In the past 5,000 years, a large number of substances have been released into the atmosphere, only the eruption of Mount Tambora in 18 15, the eruption of lake taupo in 18 1 year and the eruption of Changbai Mountain in 969.

A house built on the edge of a crater.

Volcanic eruption after Minos volcano

After the eruption of Minos volcano, the activities are mainly concentrated in the Kameni Islands in the center of the lagoon. They were formed after the eruption of Minos volcano, and the first eruption occurred in 197 BC. Since then, nine surface volcanic eruptions have been recorded in the history books, and the latest one ended at 1950. 1707, a submarine volcano broke through the sea surface, forming the activity center of the new Nea Kameni volcano, which is now located in the center of the lagoon, and the volcanic eruption centered on it continues. It happened three times in the 20th century, and the last time was at 1950.

Looking at the city of Ferra from the new Kameni volcano

Crete, not far from it

It gave birth to an important source of ancient Greek civilization.

-Minoan civilization

It is the first in the Mediterranean world.

Rich and artistic urban civilization

A labyrinthine palace

The mural of jumping cattle that still exists today.

They are open to many cultures.

Minoan people are free.

Create your own style.

And influenced the civilization of the Aegean islands.

Including the Acoro Tilly civilization in santorini island.

It flourished until about 65438 BC+0500 BC.

The catastrophe is coming.

Acoro Tili civilization site

From 1967, Professor Spiridon mariner Toth began to excavate the Akrotiri site in Accodo, making Santori the most famous Minos site outside Crete.

A town was discovered, which revealed a complex of multi-storey buildings, streets and squares, as well as the ruins of the city wall up to 8 meters, which were buried in the volcanic ash left by the volcanic eruption.

The famous archaeological remains are murals. Because they were preserved under volcanic ash several meters deep, they kept their original colors.

The drainage system in this town is also well developed. Advanced drainage system, three-story building, seems to be far ahead of the technology that should be possessed in that era. They even built a two-story water pipe facility.

The double-tube system, advanced architecture and the external layout of the site of Akodotilli are very similar to the Atlantis described by Plato in the Dialogue. Some people speculate that Minoan civilization on Crete is by far the most credible guess of Atlantis.

wall painting

Different from the ancient city of Pompeii, the volcanic eruption was caught off guard at that time, and the scenes of people's lives were solidified by volcanic ash at that moment. At the Tilly Civilization Site in Acoro, people seemed to be alert and residents evacuated in time. There seems to have been an earthquake before the volcano erupted. The volcano not only destroyed santorini Island, but also triggered a tsunami. Huge waves hit Crete Island 70 kilometers away.

wall painting

Crete civilization was destroyed and prospered. In this way, the Tilly civilization in Acoro was buried under volcanic ash more than 60 meters deep. It was not until 1967 that the exquisite murals were excavated and moved into the museum-Ferrara Prehistoric Museum.

Yang Xiaojin 65438 BC+0700 City Hall Treasure