Beginners learn the skills of digital photography

What are the shooting skills of novice digital photography? Below, I have compiled ten photography skills that beginners must master. Welcome to read the reference!

Ten Shooting Skills for Beginners of Digital Photography

1, sensitivity setting

The sensitivity of digital camera is actually from the concept of film sensitivity, which one should be adopted? Quite sensitive? To show that it is equivalent to the sensitivity of traditional film. The so-called film sensitivity refers to the sensitivity of photosensitive film to light. In fact, the sensitivity of the image sensor of a digital camera does not completely refer to its sensitivity to light. When a digital camera changes its sensitivity, it does not actually affect the sensor itself. When shooting with high sensitivity, the signal output by the image sensor remains unchanged, but the amplification factor of the signal changes.

The same digital camera, the quality of high-sensitivity shooting is worse, because when the signal of the sensor is amplified, the interference current is also amplified, resulting in more? Noise? . This is particularly evident in ordinary low-performance cameras. Noise reduction performance is an important performance of high-performance digital cameras, which are often used. Quite sensitive? Is the shooting effect better than a low-performance camera? Quite sensitive? In order to shoot the effect. With the continuous upgrading of digital cameras, many high-performance cameras have very good image quality performance at high sensitivity.

So when choosing sensitivity, the lower the better. The most important thing is to choose the appropriate sensitivity according to the ambient light conditions to ensure the balance between image quality and image. The weaker the ambient light, the more you need to set high sensitivity to ensure the shooting of photos. In the trial of Canon 550D, I tried ISO3200 and felt the convenience of high sensitivity under the dim light of the hotel.

Similarly, because of its high sensitivity, the most subtle dreams can be photographed in caves with weak light.

2. White balance setting

The white balance function is a color correction function for different lighting conditions, that is, the function of making white objects still appear white under different lighting conditions. For today's digital cameras, the automatic white balance function can basically meet the needs of most shooting places. However, it should be noted that when shooting from one light color temperature to another, automatic white balance takes a little time to adapt, and if shooting immediately, it will lead to color cast.

There are two other situations that will disable the white balance function. One is in dim light, and the other is outside the temperature range of automatic white balance and automatic control of light color. Automatic white balance automatically controls the range of light color temperature, which is generally 2500K? 6.5 million. In the case of automatic white balance failure, manual white balance is needed to solve this deficiency. In addition, in the case of RAW format, the white balance can be easily adjusted later to solve the color cast problem.

In darkroom, the white balance often appears serious color deviation, especially yellow.

And because it is in RAW format, it can be relaxed later? Yellowing? And make the character's skin white and transparent.

Of course, manual white balance (including post-adjustment) has another biggest function: to express the theme according to the creator's intention. For example, yellow and red are used to indicate warmth, and cyan and blue are used to indicate cold.

3. Settings of resolution, image quality and image format

Resolution refers to the product of the length and width of the image taken by a digital camera, and the setting of resolution is determined according to the size of the final output image. Generally, the highest resolution of digital cameras, that is, the maximum size of images, can meet various needs of post-processing and printing.

The picture quality of a photo refers to the small compression ratio of a digital image at the same resolution. The higher the compression ratio, the lower the image quality, and the difference in image quality is reflected in the details of the image. That is to say, although the resolution is high, if the compression ratio is too high and the image quality is too low, the image is still imperfect.

The image quality setting is also directly related to the image format. JPEG images need to choose compression ratio, which is generally divided into standard quality, high quality and ultra-high quality (or marked as standard, fine and ultra-fine). The lower the compression ratio, the larger the file and the better the image quality. Usually we have to choose ultra-high quality (ultra-fine) to save the image, so as to ensure the image quality we need.

If it is an image in TIFF format, the image is not compressed and the image quality is not lost, but the file size is relatively large and a large memory card is needed.

If you shoot in RAW format, the image quality will be better, and the image will not be compressed, but the file size will be smaller than that in TIFF format.

Personally, because I am used to saving in RAW format, I feel that the picture quality is the best and there is a lot of room in the later stage.

For example, such a picture, the child is very cooperative and the expression is in place, but it can be in JPEG format. Due to the compression of image quality, it is not perfect and cannot be adjusted later.

After using the RAW format and Nikon's related processing software, even the unsatisfactory photos at that time can still be made up later.

4. Image detail settings (sharpness, saturation and contrast)

Image details refer to the definition, saturation, contrast and other parameters of photos. These settings are only valid for JPEG format, and RAW format can adjust these image quality parameters later.

Saturation: refers to the gorgeous degree of image color and describes the difference between color and standard color. The higher the saturation, the brighter the color. Fade? (that is, black, white, and gray) components are few, and the image levels are few. The lower the saturation, the more achromatic components and the richer the image level. Zero saturation is a black and white image.

Contrast: the difference between different colors and different tones in an image. The greater the contrast, the greater the difference between two adjacent elements and two colors in the picture. Appropriately improving the contrast can make the picture transparent, and setting a smaller contrast will enrich the layering.

Sharpness: What is that? Clarity? , reflecting the sharpness of the image and the sharpness of the image edge. The higher the definition, the greater the detail contrast of the image and the clearer it looks. But if the sharpness is too high, the image will be distorted and dazzling.

From this point of view, whether it is saturation, contrast or sharpness, it is a moderate problem, seeking a balance between gorgeous, clear and hierarchical. Relatively speaking, high saturation and large contrast are more suitable for shooting scenery. , and the lighter may be the so-called literature and art? Xiao Qingxin? Style. In RAW format, preset optimization standard curves are often used to reflect different styles of image detail settings, such as portrait curves and landscape curves.

Gorgeous patterns with high saturation and large contrast.

Contrast fresher portrait mode (rarely used by individuals)

5. Exposure mode setting (automatic exposure mode)

P mode is a program mode, that is, the setting of exposure parameters (aperture and shutter) is completely determined by the camera. According to the brightness of the scene measured by the internal metering system, the camera determines the exposure parameters through a pre-arranged program.

A mode: aperture priority mode. An automatic exposure mode in which the photographer determines the aperture coefficient in advance and the camera determines the shutter speed. The premise of using this mode is that the photographer needs to decide the depth of field of the subject.

S mode: shutter priority mode. An automatic exposure mode in which the photographer determines the shutter speed in advance and the camera determines the aperture. This mode is mainly used for shooting moving objects.

M mode: manual exposure mode. The exposure parameters are determined by the photographer himself. What's the best way to take pictures? Auto focus, manual exposure? . This is because in P, A and S automatic exposure modes, the camera determines the exposure according to the internal metering system. Because the brightness metering is based on the brightness of a standard subject with a reflectivity of 18%, and the reflectivity of most objects in natural environment is less than or greater than 18%, it is necessary to make exposure compensation, so manual exposure is needed.

Compared with the current A mode, it is indeed more convenient, but it may be necessary to pursue a higher level of photography, learn manual exposure mode, and better control environmental photometry to determine exposure.

6. Settings of basic shooting scenes (portrait, movement, scenery, night scene and macro)

The shooting scene mode is generally available on quasi-professional cameras. For some non-professional photographers, shooting mode is actually a program mode.

Portrait mode: the camera sets a large aperture according to the focal length of the selected lens to obtain the effect of blurring the background, thus highlighting the main body of the person. The corresponding driving mode is continuous shooting.

Motion mode: used to shoot fast-moving motion, track the subject with the central focus, and then track and focus with other focus points. A long focal length lens is recommended. Scenery mode: suitable for shooting natural landscapes. The camera sets a small aperture according to the situation to achieve the purpose of large depth of field. In order to further increase the depth and breadth of the image, a wide-angle lens is used.

Night portrait mode: the in-camera photometry system measures the exposure time of the whole night scene, plugs in the flash, and determines the aperture according to the number of flashes divided by the shooting distance.

Macro mode: as close as possible to the subject, focus the subject with the closest focusing distance of the lens to make the subject stand out. It's best to use a macro lens.

Because the camera I am currently using does not have these functions, there is no such attempt. But for the novice photographer, perhaps these basic shooting scenes are indeed the most useful. Only use photos with large aperture settings to express portrait mode, so that everyone can feel it.

Wide-angle lens and small aperture represent landscape mode.

7. Set metering modes (average, center focus, spot metering, partial metering and evaluation metering)

Average photometry: measure the comprehensive brightness of the subject, synthesize the brightness of various scenes in a large photometric range, take the average brightness value, and get the recommended exposure parameters for exposure. When the average brightness is equal to 18%, the exposure is accurate. But when a large area of bright or dark background appears in the picture, the average exposure will lead to obvious underexposure or overexposure.

Center button metering: in the viewfinder? An area? The brightness of the main body is dominant, and the rest is supplemented. This? An area? Most of them are located in the center of the picture. Traditional cameras often use these two metering modes.

Two modes are widely used in digital cameras: spot metering/partial metering and evaluation metering.

Spot metering and partial metering are both used to measure the brightness of a small part of the picture. Partial metering is defined as metering whose measuring area is larger than 10% of the picture, and spot metering is defined as metering whose measuring area is about 3%. That is to say, find the position of the gray scale in the measurement standard of 18%, align the measurement area with the standard gray scale, and the obtained data will be used as the basis for determining the exposure parameters. An object with 18 gray level can be accurately exposed by spot metering, and its advantage is that it is not affected by the brightness of other scenes in the picture.

Evaluation metering, also known as area metering, is an advanced metering system. That is to say, the whole map of the scenic spot is divided into n areas, and each area is measured and calculated, and then the corresponding automatic exposure is provided. Because the number of measurement points has now expanded to dozens, the accuracy of measurement has been greatly improved. At present, this metering mode has been used as the standard metering mode of cameras.

This is also the metering mode I am currently using, and I feel that it can basically meet all kinds of scenes.

8. Automatic exposure compensation

Because the camera internal metering mode uses reflective exposure meter, using automatic exposure mode will lead to inaccurate exposure. In addition, photographers sometimes need to adjust the exposure of automatic exposure for reasons such as performance intention. The solution is to use manual exposure or automatic exposure to compensate for exposure.

One of the methods of automatic exposure compensation is to use an exposure compensation device for automatic exposure, usually an exposure compensation button, which will display the exposure compensation amount on the LCD screen after being pressed. That is to say, on the exposure scale, an EV value can be divided into 1/3 by increasing or decreasing an EV value. An increase in EV is equivalent to an increase in exposure, that is, an increase in aperture or a decrease in shutter.

The basic principle of exposure compensation is:? It's dark when it's bright? . That is, when the subject has a bright background, it is necessary to increase the exposure; When the background of the subject is dark, it is necessary to reduce the exposure. How much to add or subtract depends on the proportion of the background in the picture.

As for exposure compensation, it is more clear to explain it with photos on the stage.

9. Driving mode settings (single shooting, continuous shooting and self-timer)

Single-sheet shooting can meet the needs of shooting general subjects and is commonly used. Continuous shooting model is suitable for documentaries and sports events. Self-timer is best used with remote control.

10. Set the focus mode (single shot, tracking, manual and real-time)

Single focus, used to shoot portraits, landscapes and other still and non-animal bodies. Adjust the composition after focusing successfully, and finally press the shutter.

Tracking focusing, also known as servo focusing, is suitable for shooting moving objects with changing focal length. When the shutter is half-open, the digital SLR camera will start to work, and the theme that keeps approaching or leaving the camera will be tracked and focused through focus prediction autofocus. Suitable for taking flowers. Manual focusing, in some places with poor lighting conditions or special needs (such as smooth glass surface), the automatic focusing system cannot work and needs manual focusing. Manual focusing is more accurate.

Auto focus (including single shot and tracking) is fast and efficient, and manual focus is only used when it is very accurate. There is also a real-time focus mode, and the focus frame can move freely in the picture.

Basically, I use autofocus at present, and occasionally I try to focus manually, but I also find that the theme is wrong. After all, if you still don't understand, please open the camera manual and review it again. Love photography, starting with being familiar with your camera.