Tea horse ancient town travel guide Yunnan tea horse ancient town travel guide

1. Yunnan Chama Ancient Town Travel Guide

Chama Ancient Town belongs to Mojiang County. Bishuo Ancient City (also known as Bixi Ancient Town) in Bixi District, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province has a history of 1,000 years in the former Simao area (now Pu 'er City), and it is a tea-horse post station and ancient town that must pass through on the ancient tea-horse road in Yunnan. I don't know who took a fancy to this picturesque land of geomantic omen and left such a beautiful hometown for future generations.

Bishuo ancient city basin covers an area of 6,543,800 mu. Located in the northern part of the ancient city basin, it is built on the mountain. Beishan is densely forested, and there is a tea forest on Lisan Mountain behind the city. Streams in the valley often flow and merge into a small river in the east. The slope to the east of the city gradually enters the forest. The river flows in the west of the city, small fish wander and terraces enter the forest.

In the south of the city, there are two brothers with dense forests. On the left are temples, clay bodhisattva halls and several rooms, and on the right is Guanyin statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva. The first two miles of Dungo are the natural export of this basin. Two hills covered with dense jungle blocked a road. A big river winds along two small rivers from east to west for more than ten miles and enters Mojiang County. The beauty of the ancient city is like Tao Yuanming. You can see the ancient city of Bishuo from the south entrance. It looks like a square, embedded in green mountains and green waters. The silver-gray tile-roofed house is shining in the sun, and the house is very flat. Some people call it Little Moscow.

There is a wall around the ancient city, with a circumference of about 4000 meters. There is a ditch under the fence, which flows all the year round and looks like a moat. There are no gates into the city on the east, west and north sides of the fence. Two-story building, the left ear room is guarded, and the right ear room is equipped with a ladder to go upstairs. There are doors and windows upstairs in the city, and there are loopholes outside the city. There is no gate in the south, but a warehouse is built to store food for disaster prevention. There is a stone slab bridge outside the east and west gates, under which water flows all the year round. There is a well 200 meters away from the gate, which is three meters deep. There are three small stone pillars and horse piles by the well. There are two wells in the north of the city, east and west. The east well is two meters deep and the west well is three meters deep.

Zhou Lin, an ancient city in the basin, has dense forests, excellent vegetation, abundant water in the basin and abundant groundwater in the city. Besides drinking outside the city, many people in the city have their own wells.

The tallest building in the ancient city is called Bajiaolou, which is about 10 meter high. There is a wooden octagonal building outside, and there is no ladder inside. They are all tilted with short wood, with no windows and no flat bedding. The children played hide-and-seek and climbed up and down the wood by the light from the roof. Most of the whole city is a two-story tile house, and a few have a three-story interlayer. Almost all the tile houses in the city are connected together, and children sometimes run to the roof to chase them when they are playing.

There is a meadow on the mountain three miles west of the city, which is the size of a football field. It is a place where rich children practice martial arts and arrows. It's called Arrow Field Mountain. Rich children in the ancient city may have the wind of horse racing. The horse path runs from west to east. Its route is: ride out of the west gate, pass by the foot of Xishui well, set up horse paths in the rice fields on both sides, pass by Guanyin Pavilion and temple, return to the east gate, and tie the horse to a small stone pillar beside Dongshui well. Purple flower trees are planted on both sides of the road. When I was a child, there were sporadic crape myrtle trees on the roadside outside the east and west gates, and there were also sporadic trees on the rice fields.

There are hundreds of families in Bishuo ancient city, including landlords, small land lessors and landlords, with more than 60 families. They exploited Hani people to get rich. All the residents of this city are Han nationality. Huang and Zhang are the majority, and there are several families such as Yu, Feng, Li, He, Chen and Che. 35 miles outside the city, there are thousands of villages in the east, west, north and south.

According to records, during the Ming Dynasty, a large number of prisoners were exiled to Yunnan, and refugees followed. Bishuo Gold Mine has attracted wealthy businessmen and landlords from Jiangxi and Hubei to come for gold and build an ancient city. Therefore, ancient cities were not built by prisoners or armed men. The ancient Bishuo people were not necessarily criminals and prisoners. From castle-style buildings, arrow hill, racetrack, etc. It is more credible that some wealthy businessmen and landlords in Jiangxi and Hubei took their horses and servants to find gold here and built them.

It can be inferred that the ancient city basin was originally the hometown of Hani nationality. The invaders seized the Hani's pasture by force, drove the Hani to the periphery of the basin, and gradually became tenants of the rich Han nationality in the city. In order to prevent the Hani people from resisting, they built castles and practiced martial arts, archery and horse racing. There is only one purpose: to consolidate his rule. The story of Bishuo ancient city may be a history of blood and tears of Bishuo Hani people.

2. Yunnan Chama Ancient City

Pingle was a prosperous town at that time, with developed waterways and land. After the Silk Road crossed Pingle from Chengdu to the south, the road was not easy.

In order to climb the mountain, many businessmen choose to rest in Pingle, which also promotes the development of Pingle, and many transactions take place in Pingle. Ping became the largest trade point in Chengdu on the Silk Road. Therefore, Tianfu came to the first town in the south, which shows the prosperity of Pingle at that time and its important position on the Silk Road.

3. Famous scenic spots along the ancient tea-horse road in Yunnan.

The routes of the ancient tea-horse road: Yunnan-Tibet line and Sichuan-Tibet line. 1. Yunnan-Tibet Line: It starts from Pu 'er (now Xishuangbanna, Simao, etc.) in Yunnan, passes through Xiaguan (Dali), Lijiang, Zhongdian (now Shangri-La), Diqing and Deqin, reaches Mangkang, Changdu, Bomi and Lhasa in Tibet, then passes through Zedang in southern Tibet, Gyangze and Yadong in the later period, and then leaves the country. 2. Sichuan-Tibet Line: It starts from Ya 'an, Sichuan, passes through Luding, Kangding, Batang and Qamdo to Lhasa, then passes through Shigatse, Tibet, and leaves Nepal, Myanmar and India. 3. Introduction to the Tea-Horse Ancient Road: The Tea-Horse Ancient Road refers to the non-governmental international trade passage with caravan as the main means of transportation in the southwest and northwest of China, and it is a corridor for economic and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups in the southwest. The ancient tea-horse road is a very special geographical title and a unique tourist route, which has the most spectacular natural scenery and the most mysterious culture in the world. It contains inexhaustible cultural heritage. The ancient tea-horse road originated from the tea-horse trade between the southwest frontier and the northwest frontier in ancient times, and flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the middle and late World War II. The ancient tea-horse road is divided into Sichuan-Tibet road and Yunnan-Tibet road, which connects Sichuan-Tibet road and extends to Bhutan, Nepal, India (this is the ancient tea-horse road between Yunnan and Vietnam) until the Red Sea coast of West Asia and West Africa.

4. Ancient Town of Tea Horse Road in Yunnan

; Tea-horse ancient road culture series is a story guide about tea, ancient roads, caravans and people's living conditions. It just tries to attract people with descriptions, so that everyone can see and appreciate our ancient tea-horse road.

This series comprehensively introduces Shangri-La, Nujiang Grand Canyon, Old Town of Lijiang, Xishuangbanna, a world cultural heritage, and Simao, a tea-producing area, etc., but we still stick to the term "world cultural heritage". Tea horse ancient road. For the ancient tea-horse road, travelers, businessmen, explorers and monks are just passing by. On the longest difficult road in human history, the tea-horse trade that promoted the prosperity of the ancient road has disappeared, but we can still imagine the moving picture and steaming life. The spirit of the ancient tea-horse road is that human beings are not afraid of difficulties, which will bring bright prospects to the southwest. The past glory has sunk into the western horizon, and the future glory will rise in the eastern sky.

In Okakura Tenjin's Talking about Tea, he tells the true meaning of tea ceremony through other people's mouths. Tea ceremony is such an art, it hides the beauty you can find, an art that you dare not express. It is a noble secret to laugh at yourself frankly and fully, and it is such a kind of humor in itself-a philosophical smile. This is a spiritual expression.

5. Introduction of Chama Ancient Town in Guizhou

1. Lushi ancient town is the first town of the ancient tea-horse road in western Yunnan, and it is also one of the three most mysterious ancient towns in China.

2. Zhenyuan Ancient Town, located in the east of Guizhou Province and adjacent to Hunan, is known as the hub of Yunnan and Chu and the gateway to eastern Guizhou.

Zhenyuan ancient town is surrounded by mountains. The river meanders through the urban area in an S-shape, with the old Fucheng on the north bank and the old Acropolis on the south bank. Seen from a distance, it looks like a taiji diagram.

3. Wuzhen, located in Tongxiang City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, is located on the coast of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai in the Golden Triangle, in the hinterland of Hangjiahu Plain, 60 kilometers away from Hangzhou and Suzhou, and 0/06 kilometers away from Shanghai/KLOC. It belongs to the water system of Taihu Lake basin, with criss-crossing rivers and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal passing through the town.

6. Where is the ancient town of Chama in Yunnan?

The house in Chama Ancient Town of Country Garden is OK. You can visit them in person to see if they meet your standards.

7. Go to Chama Ancient Town

The ancient tea-horse road sprouted in the Western Han Dynasty and rose in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It was once an important international trade channel in the southwest of China. Nowadays, most sections of this ancient Millennium road have been replaced by modern roads, and many trails scattered in rural areas of Shan Ye are still in use, connecting the profound cultural heritage and magnificent natural scenery along the way, forming a series of heavyweight tourist routes that travelers yearn for.

The core area of the ancient tea-horse road is a typical earth fold area formed by the extrusion of South Asia plate and East Asia plate. The terrain is very complicated. Minjiang River, Dadu River, Yalong River, Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River have created the most unique alpine canyon landforms in the world, with towering peaks, rugged mountain roads, swift rivers, avalanches and mudslides, which are recognized as the most complex and unique alpine canyon areas in the world.

The latter husband of the tea ceremony mainly gathered on the road before Sichuan entered the Tibetan area. Unlike Yunnan and Tibet, where there are many mules and horses that are good at walking in mountainous areas and plateaus, Sichuan relies on manpower to transport all materials. Many farmers in Hanyuan, Tian Quan, Yingjing and other places will act as porters in their spare time, and the locals call them Beizi or Brother Beier. The porter put the tea bags on the shelf one by one, fixed them with ropes and carried them on his shoulders. Each bag of tea weighs about 16 pounds, and a strong porter can carry 20 bags of tea at a time. Tea bags stand much taller than people. In order to keep balance, husbands hold a T-stick in their hands. In the Sichuan section of the ancient tea-horse road, you can always see small stone nests along the way, which are much smaller than the footprints of mules and horses in Tibetan areas. These small caves were poked out by her husband with rattan all the year round.

The last generation of Beifu in ancient tea ceremony is now over eighty years old. You can see the statue of Beifu in the elegant Shangli ancient town; An, Songpan Ancient Town in Aba Prefecture, Puchama Ancient Road Park and other places commemorate the classic image of this ancient road. I like the statues of people in the ancient town of Shangli best. It is located in the middle of Old Town Street. A small group of people carrying their husbands are carrying goods forward, and tourists are passing by. At that moment, people were like walking with history.

8. Brief Introduction of Yunnan Chama Ancient City

The ancient tea-horse road refers to a folk international trade passage with caravan as the main means of transportation in southwest China, and it is a corridor for economic and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups in southwest China. The ancient tea-horse road is a very special place name and the most spectacular and mysterious tourist route in the world. It contains inexhaustible cultural heritage. The ancient tea-horse road originated from the tea-horse trade in the ancient southwest frontier and flourished in the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The middle and late World War II was the most prosperous. Gucha Road is divided into Sichuan-Tibet Road and Yunnan-Tibet Road, connecting Sichuan-Tibet Road and extending to Bhutan, Nepal, India and the Red Sea coast of West Asia and West Africa. The ancient tea-horse road in Tibet began in the Tang Dynasty, from Ya 'an, an Asian tea-producing area, to Arrow Furnace (now Kangding) in the east, to Lhasa in Tibet in the west, and finally to Bhutan, Nepal and India. It has a total length of nearly 4,000 kilometers and a history of over 1300 years. With profound historical accumulation and cultural heritage, it is an indispensable bridge and link between ancient Tibet and the mainland. The ancient tea-horse road in Yunnan formed the historical photos of the ancient tea-horse road in the late 6th century. This happened from Simao and Pu 'er, the main tea-producing areas in Yunnan, to Tibet and Lhasa through Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Lijiang City and Shangri-La today. Some of them were re-exported from Tibet to India and Nepal, which was an important trade route between ancient China and South Asia. Pu 'er is a unique origin and transit distribution center of goods on the ancient tea-horse road with a long history. In the mountains and valleys of Hengduan Mountains and the triangle of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet jungles, there is a mysterious ancient road, that is, the Tea Horse Road, which is one of the highest ancient roads in the world to spread civilization and culture. Among them, Lashihai in Old Town of Lijiang, Shaxi Ancient Town, Jianchuan County in Dali Prefecture, Yunnanyi, Xiangyun County and Pu 'er City are well-preserved sites of the ancient tea-horse road. The ancient tea-horse road originated from the tea-horse trade in Tang and Song Dynasties. Because Kangzang is a mountainous area with an altitude of three or four kilometers, Bazin, milk, ghee, beef and mutton are the staple foods of Tibetans. In the alpine region, you should eat high-calorie fat, but there are no vegetables, it is hot and dry. Excessive fat is not easy to decompose in the human body, and tea can not only decompose fat, but also prevent dryness and heat. Therefore, Tibetans have created the plateau lifestyle habit of drinking butter tea in their long lives, but tea is not produced in Tibetan areas. Civil servants and military campaigns in the mainland need a large number of mules and horses, but the supply is in short supply, while Tibetan areas and the border areas of Sichuan and Yunnan produce good horses. As a result, tea-horse mutual market, that is, tea-horse mutual market came into being. In this way, mules and horses, furs, medicinal materials, tea, cloth, salt and utensils produced in Tibetan areas and the border areas of Sichuan and Yunnan, as well as tea, cloth, salt and utensils produced in Sichuan and Yunnan and the mainland, flowed from south to north in the mountains and valleys of Hengduan Mountains, prospered with the social and economic development, and formed the ancient tea-horse road that continues to this day. The ancient tea-horse road is a historical concept with a specific meaning. It refers to a traffic artery formed by the exchange of tea and horses between Han and Tibet during the Tang and Song Dynasties and the Republic of China. Specifically, the ancient tea-horse road is mainly divided into two roads, namely Yunnan-Tibet Road and Sichuan-Tibet Road. The Yunnan-Tibet Highway starts from Erhai tea-producing area in western Yunnan, passes through Lijiang, Zhongdian (now Shangri-La County S), Deqin, Mangkang and Chaya to Changdu, and then from Changdu to Weizang area. The Sichuan-Tibet Highway started in Ya 'an, a tea-producing area. Ann, a native of Sichuan, has just arrived in Kangding. The Sichuan-Tibet Highway starts from Kangding and is divided into two branches: the northern line runs from Kangding to the north, passing Daofu, Luhuo, Ganzi, Dege and Jiangda, reaching Changdu (the northern line of Sichuan-Tibet Highway), and then from Changdu to Weizang area; The southern line runs from Kangding to the south, passing Yajiang, Litang and Batan.

In fact, in addition to the above trunk lines, the ancient tea-horse road also includes several branch lines, such as from Ya 'an to Songpan and even Gannan; The northern branch of Sichuan-Tibet Road passes through the former Deng Ke County (now dege county, Sichuan) to Yushu, Xining and even Zhoutao (Lintan) in Qinghai; The branch line from Qamdo to the north via Luwuqi and Dingqing to northern Tibet, and so on. Because of this, some scholars believe that the ancient Tang-Fan road (now the Qinghai-Tibet line) in history should also be included in the ancient tea-horse road. Some scholars believe that although Gansu and Qinghai-Tibet are also important destinations for transporting tea to Tibetan areas through the ancient tea-horse road, and the ancient tea-horse road does intersect with the Tang Fan Road, the Tang Fan Road is another specific concept, and its connotation is different from the ancient tea-horse road. Moreover, Gansu and Qinghai-Tibet are not on the main trunk line of the ancient tea-horse road in history, but only one of the destinations for tea transportation and storage. The concepts of Tea-Horse Road and Tang Fan Road are enough to show that their functions and functions are different in history. There are not only ancient tea-horse roads in history, but also huge transportation networks. It is a road system with Sichuan-Tibet Road, Yunnan-Tibet Road and Qinghai-Tibet Road (Gan Qing Road) as the main line, supplemented by several branch lines and attached lines. It spans Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai and Tibet, and extends to South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia and Southeast Asia, as far as Europe. Among the three roads, Sichuan-Tibet Road was opened the earliest, with the largest traffic volume and great historical role. This paper only discusses the ancient tea-horse road in Sichuan and Tibet, and other roads are beyond the scope of this paper. The Yunnan-Tibet route in the ancient tea ceremony road is Xishuangbanna-Pu 'er-Dali-Lijiang-Shangri-La-Deqin-Chayu-Bangda-Linzhi-Lhasa. The tea that arrived in Lhasa was also transported to Calcutta, India, via the Himalayan pass, and sold in large quantities to Europe and Asia, making it gradually become an international gateway. This international gateway has played an important role in the survival of the Chinese nation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. According to historical records, China tea first spread overseas, which can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At that time, China merchants exported tea to Turkey through barter trade on the border with Mongolia. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the development of the border trade market and the opening of the Silk Road, China's tea was transported to West Asia, North Asia, Arabia and other countries through Uighur and Western Regions, then to Siberia, and finally to Russian and European countries. The so-called ancient tea-horse road is actually an authentic caravan road. The ancient tea-horse road has two main routes: one is from Ya 'an and Sichuan, passing through Luding, Kangding, Batang and Qamdo to Lhasa, Tibet, and then to Nepal and India, with a total length of 3100km; The other route is from Pu 'er tea in Yunnan (now Xishuangbanna and Simao), through Dali, Lijiang, Zhongdian and Deqin, to Bangda, Chayu or Qamdo, Luolong, Gongbu Jiangda and Lhasa in Tibet, and then to Myanmar, Nepal and India through Gyangze and Yadong respectively. Domestic routes are more than 3,800 kilometers long. Along the two main lines, there are countless branches, large and small, which closely link Yunnan, Tibet and Sichuan, forming the ancient tea-horse civilization road with the highest terrain, the most dangerous mountain road and the farthest distance in the world. There are thousands of hard-working caravans on the ancient road. Day after day, year after year, during the difficult camping trip, the tranquility of mountain valleys has been broken by the ringing bells and the galloping hooves for thousands of years, thus opening up a road of foreign trade. The special experience of making a living in the snowy plateau has created their unswerving character. Exercised their courage and ability to distinguish right from wrong. They are not only businessmen, but also explorers who opened up the ancient tea-horse road. With their perseverance, courage and wisdom, and with their hard work and sweat, they devoted a road of survival, exploration and life to the ancient tea-horse road. In the old society, the communication path between Changdu and people and animals in other places was naturally formed by people and animals walking for a long time. 7th century, Tubo Aros.

The Ming Dynasty continued to strengthen the construction of post roads. In the Qing Dynasty, the American Post Office in Tibet was renamed Tang Tang Post Office, and its management was more strict and meticulous. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the number of tea merchants increased greatly. In the middle and late period of the Anti-Japanese War, the ancient tea-horse road became the main international commercial channel in the southwest rear area. Before 1950, Qamdo became the commercial center of eastern Tibet. There are three main historical routes of the ancient tea-horse road: Qinghai-Tibet line (ancient road in Tang Dynasty), Yunnan-Tibet line and Sichuan-Tibet line. The ancient tea-horse road on the Yunnan-Tibet line appeared in the Tang Dynasty, which is roughly similar to the current Yunnan-Tibet highway, that is, it starts from Dali, Yunnan, goes north to Jianchuan, then goes north to Lijiang, crosses Tieqiao City, continues north along the Yangtze River, reaches Yulicheng, reaches Yanjing, and then goes north along the Lancang River to Marcand (now Mangkang, Tibet). There are two ways to enter Tibet: one is to go to Qamdo via Batubanda and Chaya; All the way from Basu to Bomi, through Linzhi to Lhasa. Historically, there were three roads along the ancient tea-horse road on the Yunnan-Tibet line: one started from Tacheng, a patrol dike in Heli Town, Neijiang, and entered Tibet through Benzilan, Sheikh Ade, Tianzhu Village and Maogong; A white Jianchuan never leaves in the evening, passes through Adelaide in the flood season, and then joins the previous road to Tibet; One starts from Zhongdian, passes through Nisero, Xiandao, Benyulan, Nulianduo, Abulaka and other places, and reaches Tibet. Its main channel is close to the present Yunnan-Tibet line. Buy Sichuan tea at a price ten times higher than Indian tea, but refuse to eat Indian tea. Faced with the political and economic crisis brought by the sale of printed tea in Tibet, the local government in Tibet strongly advocates banning printed tea from entering Tibet. The 13th Dalai Lama personally appealed to the Qing court, demanding that the Qing government cooperate to stop the sale and storage of Indian tea. Liu, the governor of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty, even advocated banning the printing and storage of tea, so as to avoid endless future troubles. From 0755 to 79000, Zhang, who was ordered by the Qing court to negotiate with Britain, took into account the interests of Sichuan-Tibet tea, Sino-Tibetan economy, government tax collection and tea farmers and merchants, and also strongly opposed Britain's invasion and sale of Indian tea in Tibet to protect the sale of Sichuan-Tibet tea. Later, in order to oppose the British invasion of Tibet and defend the frontier, Sichuan Governor Zhao Erfeng supported people in Xizang to boycott printing tea in Ya 'an. The company improved tea varieties, rectified Sichuan tea, and set up a branch in Arrow Furnace to break the restriction that side tea is not baked. In addition, tea sales semicolons were set up in Litang, Batang and Changdu to reduce intermediate links and quickly transport Sichuan tea to Tibet. Sichuan tea has become a fighting weapon for the Han and Tibetan people to oppose British imperialism's invasion of Tibet and the dumping of printed tea. During the Republic of China, due to the civil war, Indian tea was sold in large quantities to Tibetan areas, and the local upper class in Tibet attacked the border areas of Sichuan under the instigation of British imperialism, which led to a military conflict between Sichuan and Tibet. The close relationship between the two sides has weakened, and Weichuan tea is still running smoothly between Sichuan and Tibet. Under the special historical conditions at that time, Sichuan tea became a national defense commodity, which communicated the important economic ties between the mainland and Tibet, and enhanced the political relationship between the local government and the central government in Tibet and the unity of the Han and Tibetan nationalities. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world, and it is called the roof of the world or the roof of the earth. Therefore, it is no problem that the ancient tea-horse road is the highest road of ancient civilization in the world. Because it is the highest highway in the world, spanning almost the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, its traffic difficulty is second to none among all ancient civilizations in the world. It is said that the ancient tea-horse road is the most difficult road to civilization in the world, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the Hengduan Mountains on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that the ancient tea-horse road passes through are the most complex and unique mountains.

According to statistics, the total length of Sichuan-Tibet Tea Ceremony to Lhasa is about 4,700 miles, including 56 post stations, 5 1 ferry, 65,438 railway bridges, 78 mountain passes, 27 mountain passes above thousands of feet 165438 and thousands of feet. It will take three or four months to get there. The Qing people vividly described the steep and rugged ancient tea-horse road. Notes on Jiao Qiying's Tibet-India Trade Charter: Skiing on the ice, Wan Ren worships mountains and loves silver. Looking down, my head is dizzy, my heart palpitations are creepy and I want to die. It is true that I have never lived or suffered. Zhang's Notes on the History and Geography of Kangzang, from Archery to Lhasa to Reading in May, is unprecedented in my life. Du Changding and others' "A Brief Introduction to the Journey to Tibet" Yunnan-Tibet Tea Ceremony said that the Twelve Decadence Roads are the main roads in Zhongdian, and the roads have stopped for a long time. Even if two riders meet, they will avoid the mountain ridge first and then chase. High above, overlooking the mountains, there are deep trenches. This is a lifetime risk. The difficulty of tea ceremony can be seen. Second, along the ancient tea-horse road, the weather is freezing, the oxygen is thin and the climate is unpredictable. The death of miasma recorded by the Qing people along the way is actually a mountain reaction caused by severe hypoxia. The ancients mistakenly thought miasma was because there was no miasma. I don't know what that is. The climate along the ancient tea-horse road is called all seasons. You can experience heavy snow, hail, scorching sun and strong wind at the same time in one day, and the temperature changes greatly. Within a year, the climate change is more intense. As the folk proverb says, it's only two or three o'clock, and the snow closes the mountain; Five or six, wet and crying; 789, relax; Ten winters, crawling like a dog. The difficulty of the journey can be imagined. For thousands of years, people have been carrying livestock and going through hardships to transport tea to all parts of Tibetan areas. There is a saying in Tibetan areas that the mountains where tea has climbed are more precious, which vividly reflects the hard-won tea in Tibetan areas. 755-79000: From Yumen in Lijiang to Duoan in Tibet, there are more than 5,000 miles of tea drinking places. Such a long and arduous road to the plateau makes the ancient tea-horse road the most difficult road in the world. To enter Shuhe Ancient Village, Qinglong Bridge at the entrance of the village is the only way. Although it has a history of more than 400 years, it is still wide and flat. Blue and clear qinglong river flows under the bridge, and willows are dense by the river. In Pak Lei, red begonia and peach blossoms bloom every year, providing sweet fruits for the villagers. The delicacy of this hometown is the eternal memory of ancient Tibetan tourists and Shuhe cobblers coming from all directions. Going west along Qinglong Bridge, there is a Wuhua Stone Road, and the dark red lines on the stone are still visible. The old man said that this was paved with donations from a group of Shuhe businessmen who walked on the ancient tea-horse road all the year round in the 1930s and 1940s. Because they often do business with Tibetans, the locals call them Tibetans. Shuhe Street is their concern and the starting point and ultimate expectation of their business travel career. Shuhe River is like a big garden in the middle of the street. Four alleys extend in all directions from Shuhe Street. One passes through Old Town of Lijiang to the east, one leads to Ji Gu Administrative Village to the south, one leads to Baisha Administrative Village to the north, and the other leads to the northwest. This is the main road of Diqing Tibetan area in the past, that is, the ancient tea-horse road. Along Jiuding Longtan and Tandi River, Tibetan tourists take two ancient trade routes: from Songyun Village to Huangshan Shaoshan, an ancient pass in the southwest, from Shi Ru to Shigu, Judian and Ludian, passing through Lizilou, passing through Baohe Town in Weixi, reaching Lancang River, going north along Lancang River, crossing the plank road in Yan Yanzi, and then passing through Liutong and Liusuo to Deqin to enter Tibet. The second road, through Jiuding Longtan and Tan Xiao at the bottom of the slope, winds to Yulong Snow Mountain in the west. Cross Wenhai Village to Lijiang Longpan, cross Jinsha River, climb twelve railings to Zhongdian County, then cross the bridge, and cross the river by canoe from Benzilan.

Far away from Qianshan Mountain, many Naxi girls and Zhuo Ma have never met each other in their lives, so they are tolerant and even grateful to each other, and dedicate their long thoughts to putting his head on his belt. This tradition no longer exists, but Naxi and Tibetans, who are relatives because of Tibetan guests, often meet in Shuhe. So it is not difficult to drink pure butter tea in Shuhe. The ancient tea-horse road traveled by Tibetan tourists can be traced, but another ancient road from Shuhe has never been seen. On this invisible road, there are another group of people who can travel around the world with only an awl and a bunch of yarn. They are shoemakers in Shuhe. 1646, Hui people began to make a living in Kangding. At present, there are more than 400 Muslims living in Kangding County. Next to the mosque, a Hui primary school was built locally. Chen Fengyun, a 72-year-old Hui aunt, is preparing for the upcoming Eid al-Fitr in the mosque. She has many Tibetan friends, some believe in Tibetan Buddhism and some believe in Catholicism. We have a good relationship and are all good friends. Aunt Chen said. According to Zhang Jianquan, deputy director of the Religious Affairs Bureau of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, he has been engaged in religious work in Kangding for 15 years, and rarely encounters conflicts between religions. Kangding, the capital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, was once a prosperous commercial center in history. Over the past 70 years, Tibetan businessmen have brought musk, cordyceps, gold and horses from Tibet to Kangding to trade with tea and silk brought by mainland businessmen. It is the prosperity of inter-ethnic trade that has brought about the great integration of all ethnic groups in Kangding. Less than 100 meters from the mosque is the Catholic church in Kangding. From 65438 to 0860, Ding Feng, a missionary of the Paris Foreign Missionaries Association, went to Tibet to preach. He was blocked on his way back to Kangding and set up a church in the northern suburb of Kangding to preach, thus opening the history of Catholic missionary work in Kangding. Now, among the more than 300 Catholics in the county, 200 are Tibetans. Li Lun, a Catholic priest, said: Although Tibetan Buddhism accounts for the overwhelming majority of the county's population of more than 30,000, the local government actively protects religions with fewer followers, and there is a good religious belief environment here. It is about150m away from Kangding Catholic Church. It is the largest Tibetan Buddhist temple in Anjue Temple with a history of more than 380 years. Wang Jia, Iron staff Lama, Anjue Temple, told reporters that in Kangding, whether you believe in Tibetan Buddhism, Islam or Catholicism, everyone should be equal and United. If believers of other religions come to our temple, we will also introduce them to him enthusiastically. We will never force anyone to believe in our own religion. In Anjue Temple, Xie Nai, a 65-year-old Tibetan aunt, is circling in front of the prayer wheel, circling the prayer wheel again and again, silently chanting. Our religious beliefs are personal opinions, all for the good. Different religions just have different views, but they all do good deeds. Just quietly said. 055-79000 is the first museum in China to study and display the history and culture of the ancient tea-horse road, and also the first museum in Lijiang to study, publicize and popularize Pu 'er tea culture. The ancient tea ceremony hall consists of eight parts: the latest examination of the Tibetan road kiln, the trip to Tibet, the diet history of the Ming Dynasty, the ancient tea-horse road hall, the preface hall, the history hall 1, and the history hall 2. The building of the museum was originally part of the Shuhe courtyard of Mu Tusi more than 400 years ago. Among them, Dajue Palace murals are the works of Ma Xiaoxian, a famous painter in the south of the Yangtze River. It has been preserved until now, and the brushwork is refined and skillful, retaining the painting style of the Tang Dynasty. 1998 is listed as a provincial key protection unit.