History of TV development

Television, a complex scientific and technological product, was successfully invented after many scientists' research and experiments. First, in 18 17, the Swedish chemist Joens barris discovered selenium. 1872, British Joseph discovered that this element can transmit electric energy. These two findings prove theoretically that the image of any object can be transmitted by electronic signals.

1884, German scientist Paul Nipku invented the scanning disk, which laid the foundation for the invention of modern television. 1907, German Lu Xin completed the first electronic imaging machine; 1923, Bayer in Britain and Jenkins in America completed the first real picture transmitted by wires. The television we see today is also the result of many improved and ever-changing electronic technologies.

In a.d. 1875, an experiment was conducted for the scientist M. Senlacq based on the above theory. When a tube and a cathode piece are put together, an image will appear, but it is still, but it inspired the invention of television.

In AD 1884, the actual TV theory originated from the invention of TV scanning board by German scientist Nikow Paul G1860-1940. At the age of 23, Niels, who was still studying at the Technical University of Berlin, decided that if you use a metal plate, there should be countless holes in it so that light can pass through, and when the light spot is dim, it becomes an image. The brightness of light is treated by current and selenium, and people can see the image of another place through current transmission, which is recognized as the earliest television principle.

In A.D. 1887, German physicist heinrich hertz discovered the existence of radio waves, which was confirmed by his experiments. Electricity, like light, can spread in the air and reflect like light when it meets a mirror. This invisible radio wave existed in the james maxwell of England (1831-kloc-0/879) in 1864, but hershey even pointed out that radio waves can also propagate in a vacuum, and found that the oscillation of charges can generate electromagnetic waves, which led to the principle that our human eyes can see radio waves with longer light waves, which led to. Experiments proved that radio waves can be used for radio communication, which led to the invention of radios and televisions. The frequency unit in the international system of units was named in memory of him.

The next year, a scientist named G A Stoletow invented the photocell, which consists of a metal cathode and a mesh anode. Because the inner wall of the vacuum glass tube is coated with a salt-containing metal as the cathode and the opposite is the anode, the electrons will directly react symmetrically after receiving light.

In A.D. 1890, scientist Sutton used TV to scan Dise metal plate to plan TV. In fact, he used light emission to transmit pictures and images. Then scientist Brillounin synthesized two rotating crystal plates by image separation. Make TV images clearer.

1895, a young Italian scientist, Grics Marconi (1874- 1937), invented radio communication in Britain, which can send telegrams 16 kilometers away. This invention greatly promoted the development of television. At that time, some scientists advocated scanning a metal plate and a selenium tube with Nissl TV to send and receive images. This is the prototype of the so-called TV receiver.

In A.D. 1900, the World Expo was held in Paris, and French scientist Peng Kai showed the invention of a teleprinter called TV. Since then, the name TV has been handed down from generation to generation, forming an indissoluble bond.

Television From A.D. 1884, the German scientist Nieberko put forward the theory of television. Up to now, it has only been less than 120 years, and broadcasting has only been more than 70 years. However, TV has spread all over the country and penetrated into every family, covering a very wide audience, and the number of TV is unprecedented. Nowadays, TV has the advantages of mass media; It's better than news daily, magazines, movies, radio and records. When it appears on the TV screen, it can hear the original sound, watch real scenes and real images immediately, watch movies, plays, music and performances, broadcast live immediately and integrate the comprehensive media of popular literature and art, so it is naturally welcomed by people.

The previous development of television was based on three physical principles;

(1) Radio waves generate high-frequency alternating current through a radio transmitter (broadcaster) using an oscillator to form radio waves, which are radiated by a towering antenna. The radio waves will automatically pass through the air, and the radio waves will be restored to the original sound by a remote receiver.

(2) Any scene will have bright and dark images under the illumination of light, so we will display countless tiny points, which are reflected on the screen through electro-optical processing, communication, conversion and imager.

(3) When an image is projected, it is projected on the screen quite quickly and continuously. Because our eyes have visual persistence, the picture seen by the viewer will be a continuous moving scene.

In a.d. 1902, the scientist o von Brock invented the transmission theory of color images. After the research and development of many scientists, the processing and equipment of TV images have been improved a lot. For example, Max Dieckmann and Gustav Glage invented the Cothode ray tube, which can be used to transmit files and photo images by radio waves. Later, Lee De Forest of the United States invented the triode, which made TV fax technology take a big step forward.

1907, Boris Rosin, a professor at St. Petersburg University in Russia, put forward the idea of all-electronic television, which is the theory of inventing the first "electronic" kinescope machine.

1908, swinton, a Scottish German engineer, published a paper on TV images in Nature. It is said that TV can be divided into two cathodes according to the principles of photographic plate making and printing, which are used to receive and transmit images on the screen respectively.

1920, 1 1.2, the establishment of KDKA radio station of Westinghouse electric company in Pittsburgh, USA, became the beginning of the surge of radio stations in the world. Radio waves transmit broadcast information and programs to the whole world.

At the end of A.D. 1923, the scientist D von Mihaly invented an oscillator for scanning pictures, which can instantly scan ten times from a selenium tube. At the same time, American scientist Jenkins transmitted President Harding's photo from Washington to Missouri by radio waves.

At the end of A.D. 1924, the German scientist NiPukov Paul Dick invented the transceiver. Because the relative positions of the transmitted and received images are the same, it is more clear that the images are intact, which makes German radio stations successfully try to transmit TV with long waves. The composite image is a horizontal line 30, and then proceeds to 90. Because he invented TV theory and TV scanner. Nieberko was recognized as a "television inventor" in German history, so when he died in 1940, the German government held a grand state funeral for him.

1925 British scientist Baird John Logie (1888- 1946) first developed a black-and-white television set and invented the "television broadcasting image system" in human history. He used a turntable with a small hole to convert the captured image into an electronic signal, which was then converted on the receiver and projected on the screen. He was the first inventor who made the equipment for decomposing, converting, combining, transmitting and receiving the highest resolution TV images, especially the first TV station in the world. At the same time, scientists from the United States, France, Germany, Russia, Austria and other countries are also conducting creative experiments on television, but Baird's television system is the most advanced, comprehensive and scientific, surpassing all other scientific inventors.

Baird was born in the west of Scotland on August 3rd, 888, and came to Hellenborg. His father is a church director, and teenagers are interested in science. When they were older, they did not enter the seminary according to their father's wishes, but entered the Royal Institute of Technology because of their sexual orientation. Therefore, he preferred electronic engineering, selenium photoelectron research and TV system research and development, and then moved to Fries Street, London, England on 1905 to set up a laboratory specializing in TV research. Without funds and sponsorship, he tirelessly collected old radio equipment, electro-optic tubes, scanners, magnetic wave devices and wires from waste piles or waste stalls for experiments. Although life was hard, he persisted. Once, hundreds of small batteries were connected to get a voltage of 2 thousand volts, and as a result, I accidentally got an electric shock and was sent to the hospital. Only after the disclosure of the good news did everyone know that this "crazy research guy" helped those who helped him in A.D. 1925 10.02. In the early morning, Bayes started the machine and sent the image of a doll's head to the receiver in another room for projection on the screen. Although it transmits black and white images, television has been invented. Bayes went downstairs to find the landlord William, replaced the doll and experimented with real people. It was really successful to see William's vivid and natural smile on the receiving screen.

On October 26th, a.d. 1926 10, Baird invited members of the Royal Academy of Sciences to watch him connect the whole character image to B B C radio station, and then the radio station transmitted it by radio waves, so that clear black and white images could be seen on the TV set of Bayesian laboratory. The experimental performance was a complete success and shocked the whole world. Baird, the father of television, is famous all over the world.

A.D. 1927 American Philo T. Fransworth invented the television camera. These inventions have made modern television progress from the primary stage to a more advanced idealized vision.

In A.D. 1928, Baird spread the film from London, England to new york, USA by radio waves, which surprised the world even more. Television has been accepted by broadcasters all over the world as the main development goal. Bayes was funded by the British government and the British Broadcasting Corporation (B B C). After unremitting research and development efforts, his new invention "Audio TV" was broadcast by TV stations at the end of A.D. 1929. 1930, he made a surprising speech and put forward the composition of "color TV system"; For this ideal, I'm persistent and tenacious as always. Finally, the day after the successful experiment in A.D.19412, it was the day after Nazi Germany bombed London in World War II, which affected the fish in the pond. His laboratory was destroyed, and all previous efforts were in vain. However, he was not discouraged. He was still ill and started another study under the harsh conditions of the war. On June 8th, A.D. 1946, Bayes first showed the color TV set he invented, and broadcast the color TV program "Victory Parade in World War II" of BBBC TV station. People attending the event were full of praise for the colorful TV images. Baird was seriously ill and couldn't attend the meeting when he made great achievements in TV creation. On the sixth day, he died at the age of 56. His persistence as a scientist can be said to be an "investment" in TV research and development, which will always be remembered by the world.

In A.D. 1929, Russian-American scientist VK Zworykin 1889- 1982 improved the idea of all-electronic TV "Shine on You" put forward by his teacher, Professor Rosin of St. Petersburg University in Russia, and made a new modern "photographic electronic vacuum tube" TV camera. The horizontal lines of the image can reach more than 500. This man is known as the "father of modern television" in the United States, because the electronic scanning picture tube he invented is the imaging principle and instrument of TV cameras and TV receivers so far, and it is the application equipment he invented and improved.

Zwojin, a great electronic engineer, moved to the United States in 19 19 and worked for Westinghouse Electric Company in the United States. In 1923, he applied for the patent of electro-optical photographic tube and TV transmitter. The next year, he applied for a patent for a TV receiver, which is very different from the TV systems previously studied by scientists all over the world. They are all "motor TV" devices, with small holes and fast turntables. This is the first time to adopt a comprehensive "electronic TV" transmission and reception system. 1929 was appointed as the director of the electronic research institute of American radio company. Even help the company to further develop color TV systems. Basically, he invented the modern TV picture tube first, then he invented the electron microscope, researched and invented the infrared night vision goggles used in the darkness of World War II, and many TV system appliances. 1954 served as the vice chairman of the company together with the electronic medical director of Rockefeller Medical College in new york. 1967, the American state authorities awarded him the National Science Medal in recognition of his contributions to scientific instruments, electronic engineering, medical engineering, and especially the invention of modern television.

1933 From March, Berlin, Germany began to broadcast silent TV movies on ultrashort waves. In the second year, a TV announcer was hired to broadcast TV programs. The TV just came out at this time, which is not common. Because the manufacturing volume is small, things are scarce, the price is expensive, and the price is very high, only the government or high-end places have it.

In 1935 1 month, the BBC established the first real television broadcasting company in the world. Then in March, such a TV company appeared in Berlin, which was accepted by the German Broadcasting Corporation in May, and France began to broadcast TV.

1October 2nd, 1936 165438, BBC is the first TV company in the world to start commercial operation. Television programs are broadcast regularly every day, scanning 240 lines. There are less than 200 TV sets in London, but it marks the beginning of the world television industry. On April 30th, 1939, the grand occasion of the new york World Expo was broadcast live on American TV, and the whole world watched it through radio waves at the same time. Baseball, football, boxing matches and President Roosevelt's speech calling for world peace were also broadcast, which won many reputations.

In the extraordinary period of World War II, the war seriously hindered the development of television. Television broadcasting in war-torn countries was completely interrupted. Only six commercial television stations in Taiwan independence supported the overall situation in such a large area as the United States, and the production and experimental operation of television equipment were all affected and stopped.

After the war, the television industry quickly recovered and developed by leaps and bounds. Britain, France, Russia and countries that have already started broadcasting continue to replay. 1950 shows 640 hours a week in Britain, 600 hours in America, 530 hours in Russia, 400 hours in central Europe, 220 hours in France, 2 hours in Australia, 200 hours in northern Europe and 0/80 hours in Italy. So far, many countries have provided all-weather TV programs for viewers to read at any time. With TV, people will not be isolated from the world. People can sit at home and see the surrounding environment, so they can know everything in the world.

In the new era, electronic technology is developed, which makes it convenient for people to send and receive information. Electronic home appliances and leisure electronic products have enriched people's life fun and really added a lot of fun. Because of the war, the American economy has become the largest producer of means of production in the world, and its industry and commerce are thriving and stand out from others. The television industry and the film industry have not been affected by the war and are unique in the world. In A.D. 1928, when TV was still in the experimental research stage in Europe, there were cable TV stations from Washington to new york. In A.D. 1930, American radio TV programs were officially broadcast in new york by the then American Broadcasting Corporation (R C A). With the establishment of the National Broadcasting Corporation (N B C) TV station, the broadcasting technology needs to be improved, so the government has set up the National Television System Committee to promote the research, development and management of television. The U.S. government authorities set up the Federal Communications Commission (F C C) to examine and distribute photos to a large number of TV stations, and on July 65, 6438+0+0, established the standard mechanism of American TV industry, stipulating that American TV systems must use 525 scanning lines according to law, and the visual quality of 30 images per second is guaranteed.

In A.D. 1952, the United States re-planned and relaxed channels to adapt to the overwhelming situation of TV stations. Immediately, due to the development policy adopted by the United States, the number of national TV stations increased from more than 100 to five times overnight, and the capital and business of the TV industry jumped to one of the largest enterprise groups in the United States, which attracted people's attention and made the United States the first country in the world. The United States has become the reputation of the world's television kingdom, and it will not give in today. 1960, there were as many as 780 TV stations and nearly 30 million TV sets in the United States. At the same time, the number of TV sets in Britain is only 1.9 million, compared with 30,000 in France, 20,000 in Canada and 4,000 in Japan.