Classification of matchsticks

Matches can be divided into two categories: daily matches (ordinary matches) and special matches according to the purpose and the composition of the medicine head. According to the packaging shape and the raw materials used, there are three kinds of daily matches: wood-stem matches, wax paper-stem matches and book matches. ① Matches with wooden stems: match stems with square cross-section are made of soft wood, and the stem ends are stained with paraffin wax and paste, dried and put in small boxes made of wood chips or cardboard, and the side of the boxes are coated with phosphorus. For the most common matches. ② Waxed paper stalk matches: referred to as wax stalk matches. The thin paper is soaked in molten paraffin, then squeezed into long stalks with round or square cross section, and then cut to make match stalks. Suitable for areas lacking wood. Because of the large wax content in the stems, the ignition performance is better, and the burning time is 2 ~ 3 times longer than that of the wood stems with the same specifications, so it is suitable for the environment of field operations such as navigation, fishing and hunting, exploration and so on. However, paraffin wax is easy to soften at higher temperature, which reduces the stiffness of branches and affects their use, so it is not suitable for tropical areas. (3) Book-style matches: named for their flat and thin packaging and book-like appearance. Its branches are made of wood chips or cardboard by die cutting, every 1 or 15 branches are a group, one end is connected with the base, which is comb-toothed, and one end of the stem tip is stained with paraffin and medicine slurry. After the matches are made, they are bound into a book with a cardboard cover. The phosphorus layer is painted on the cover binding. When in use, it is torn off and scratched one by one. This kind of match is beautiful in appearance and convenient to carry. Special matches adopt special medicine head formula to produce different special functions. There are mainly the following five kinds: ① Wind-resistant and waterproof matches: the tip contains about 15% more oxidant than ordinary matches, which has strong ignition performance; The surface is covered with a layer of moisture-proof film to prevent moisture; The head is thick and long, about 5mm in diameter and 3mm in length. After rubbing, it burns at a speed of 4 ~ 6 mm per second, and can burn evenly for 5 ~ 7 seconds. This feature makes it resistant to strong winds and rain, and is suitable for field workers such as geology, hydrology, meteorology, navigation, fishing and hunting. ② High-temperature match: the drug head is divided into two layers, the inner layer and the outer layer. The inner layer is the medicine material of wind-resistant and waterproof matches; The outer layer is made of ferroferric oxide, aluminum, magnesium powder and other raw materials bonded by nitrocellulose solution. The size and specifications are similar to those of wind-resistant and waterproof matches. When burning, it can produce high temperature above 12℃, which can be used to ignite welding agent, so it is also called welding match. ③ Signal match: also known as signal tube. The cylinder is 2.5 ~ 3 cm in diameter and 16 ~ 38 cm in length. The phosphorus layer is coated on the end of the cylinder cover. When strontium nitrate or barium nitrate, basic copper carbonate and other materials are mixed into the medicinal materials, they can emit continuous flames of different colors, such as red, blue and white, respectively, and the illumination can reach 8-8 candlelight, which can be used for signal communication of railway vehicles or sailing ships at night. 4 burning matches many times: it can ignite repeatedly and burn many times. This kind of match is made of chemicals such as potassium chlorate, sulfur, cellulose diacetate, paraformaldehyde and filler, which are mixed with acetone and pressed into a rod-shaped match with a diameter of 2 ~ 5 mm, which is called a match core (there is no difference between a match stem and a medicine head), and it can be ignited by scratching on a phosphorus layer. Due to the flame retardant effect of diacetate fiber, the combustion of ignition substances is controlled, so that the whole match can not be burned at one time, and the purpose of multiple use is achieved. It has been developed into a match that can be rubbed and burned more than 6 times. ⑤ Photosensitive match: It glows when burning, and can make photographic film sensitive after illuminating the object. Can be used instead of flash for photography.