On the operation of darkroom in black-and-white photography

The sample is gray, which means you have run out of photo paper.

As for determining the exposure time, I don't know whether you use a condenser or a diffuser.

When focusing, I use the aperture of F8, which is usually one second apart, so I can accurately estimate the exposure time after three attempts at most. I use an astigmatism amplifier for ten seconds. But we should make some changes according to the actual situation.

This depends on experience. If you do more, you will know. If you want to use it quickly and well, you can also buy a Kodak exposure shield card, which is a plastic card with six disks. Cover the test paper for one minute, but this one is mainly an astigmatism magnifying glass ~ and it is expensive and thin.

Also remind you that the red light is as dark as possible! ! Don't think that the red light is absolutely safe, and it will be sensitive after a long time. Maybe your sample has run away like this ~

Get the test paper quickly ~ Besides, don't touch the photographic paper with your hands that have been exposed to the potion ~

Darkroom plays with patience, and patience is not enough ~

Take your time. You'll like the darkroom.

By the way, I forgot to say that you can't publish good photos without good negatives. ...

Check whether your negative exposure is accurate before putting photos? !