superrealism

Surrealism is a school of literature and art that originated in France. It came into being at the same time as Dadaism and had a far-reaching influence on visual art. It was popular in European literary and art circles from 1920 to 1930.

Its main feature is that the so-called "surreal" and "super-rational" dreams and hallucinations are the source of artistic creation, and it is believed that only this "unconscious" world beyond reality can get rid of all constraints and truly show the true face of objective facts. Surrealism has greatly influenced the traditional view of art. It is also often called the surrealist movement. Or simply surreal. After the First World War, the rebel movement against the traditional capitalist cultural thoughts spread in the cultural fields such as literature and art, and Dali's work "Eternity of Memory" spread to other countries in Europe and America. Its content is not limited to literature, but also involves painting, music and other artistic fields. Put forward the source, method and purpose of creation, as well as social problems about capitalist social system and people's living conditions. Surrealists claim that they are carrying out a "spiritual revolution". This movement was initiated by a group of French youths who participated in the First World War. They witnessed the absurdity and destruction of the war and doubted the traditional ideals, culture and morality with rationality as the core. The old belief has lost its charm and needs new ideals to replace it. Surrealism is their attempt on the road of exploration.

Surrealism opened the way for modernist literature. Surrealism, as a literary genre, has not existed for a long time. As a literary trend of thought and aesthetic viewpoint, its influence is far-reaching. The purpose of surrealists is to leave reality, return to the primitive, deny the role of reason and emphasize people's subconscious or unconscious activities. The intuitionism of French subjective idealist philosopher Bergson and the "subconscious" theory of Austrian psychiatrist Freud laid the philosophical and theoretical foundation of surrealism.

The emergence of surrealism in literature and art reflects the fear of reality and the frantic and restless mental state of the younger generation of European bourgeoisie after World War I.. Writers participating in surrealist groups include Broden, Rambo, Zara, painters Alp and Ma Song. Due to the positive influence of the proletarian revolutionary movement, some writers belonging to this genre, such as Luis Aragon and Paul Lourde, later turned to the front of progressive literature. After World War II, surrealism became popular in the United States, and the so-called "new surrealism" school appeared.

Surrealism has many literary functions. 192 1 The Magnetic Field, co-written by Britten and Su Bo, is the first experimental work of surrealism, which first puts forward the problems of unconscious writing and automatic writing. However, the typical surrealist works came into being after 1924. For example, Brodon's novels Soluble Fish (1924) and Najia (1928) are representative works of surrealism. The essays published by Aragon 1926, Ai Lvya's poems, The City of Pain and The Insider of Life all belong to surrealism. What inspired surrealism the most was Freud's Psychoanalysis and Subconscious Psychology, a professor of psychiatric psychology at Vienna University in Austria. Generally speaking, surrealism, as an artistic movement, is closely related to Freud's psychoanalysis. Britten, a surrealist spiritual and ideological leader, has the experience of studying medicine. After reading Freud's works, he immediately understood the relationship between psychoanalysis and Dadaism's unconscious confession. Psychoanalysis focuses on the analysis of dreams, fantasies and hallucinations, and concludes daydreaming as a possible artistic creation method. Accordingly, the study of the subconscious dream world is opposite to naturalism. It is not dominated by reason, but by instinct and imagination, depicting surreal themes and expressing the dream world in an imaginary field that is more real and meaningful than the reproduction of the real world.

Painters of this school can cite Alp, Miro, arens Thai, Dali, Krno, Tangi, and Xia. They started with Britten's "unconscious automatic activity, automatic action and exploration of dream world", and some of them were also influenced by the philosopher H. Bergson, who wanted to break the dualistic cosmology of mind and matter and establish a unified metaphysics, so they expressed their dreams and imagination at will, and many strange deformations and lines were incomprehensible. Their creative activities are freely arranged in a world of time and space, completely free from the constraints of space and time. Surrealism However, if Britten's visual image is used to explain surrealist painting, it only shows a main style of surrealist painting, that is, the styles represented by Dali, Margaret and Delvaux. This style is characterized by meticulous description, creating an illusory and dreamy picture through recognizable deformed images and scenes. Its source is the romantic art of Rousseau, Xia Jiaer, Schell, Kiriko and19th century. It tries to use Freud's definition to create an image that is not controlled by consciousness and reason. But the process of painting is actually a rational process that is no different from realistic painting, so this style is also called naturalistic surrealism and classical surrealism. Another kind of surreal painting is represented by Miro and Ma Song, who pursue the unconsciousness of the painting process and make images dominated by psychological effects appear on the screen, and the final result is always an abstract picture full of illusions and life forms. Therefore, surrealist painting, also known as organic surrealism or absolute surrealism, is related to the experiments of accidental opportunity and unconscious behavior carried out by Dadaists and some futurists.

Since 1924 Britten's development declaration, 1925 held the first surrealist art exhibition in Paris in June. Participants included Picasso, Alp and Klee. Obviously, none of them are surrealist painters in the true sense. Only Ernst tried surrealism for the first time in his Dadaism collage. Surrealism Gallery was organized by surrealists in 1926. They held important exhibitions in London and Paris in 1936 and 1947 respectively. Surrealism, once popular in Europe, gradually declined after the 1930s, but it did not disappear, and it still had some influence after the Second World War. Because many painters of this genre came to the United States from Paris before World War II, surreal painting influenced the New World from Europe. In addition, its influence extends to drama, stage decoration, photography, film, architecture, sculpture and other artistic fields.

Surrealism is committed to exploring the transcendental level of human experience, striving to break through the logical and real realistic viewpoint, and trying to integrate the realistic viewpoint with instinct, subconscious and dream experience to show an absolute or transcendental real scene. Surrealism movement had an important influence on aesthetics in the 20th century with its fantastic style.

Practice writing:

People who come back late

Now, the temperature in the air is three degrees below zero.

The white steam coming out of the mouth is like a cold.

Those who come home late

Wrap yourself up in clothes.

At some point,

Me too.

Wrap yourself in clothes.

Walk on the way home

The wind is howling.

We buried our heads in our necks.

It will be warmer this way.

I think it's just a moment.

They are just like me.

The beard clings to the cheek.

Some are fatter, others are thinner.

thrill through

Walking on the road of MINUS three degrees in this remote village