Appreciation of 10 quatrains

Du Fu

Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.

Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.

Appreciation of Wanglushan Waterfall 2009-08-1521:12 Appreciation of Wanglushan Waterfall Li Bai Rizhao incense burner is full of purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs over thousands of rivers. On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth. Poetry explains that the ziyun smoke at the incense burner peak under the sun fills the air, and the waterfall looks like a long white practice from a distance, hanging high between mountains and rivers. The agitated water column tumbled down a cliff thousands of feet away, like a galaxy falling from the clouds. Incense burner: censer peak is a peak in the northwest of Lushan Mountain. Purple smoke: Under the sunlight, the clouds are purple. Poetry appreciation, three thousand flies, nine days straight. With such boldness of vision and infinite imagination, I'm afraid Li Bai is the only one in ancient and modern times. In this poem, three words are skillfully used: a word "Sheng" not only brings the incense burner peak to life, but also shows the scene of mountains and clouds rising; a word "Hanging" depicts the image of a waterfall pouring in Yuanwang; A word "falling" points out the majestic momentum of the waterfall. Through the integration of these three words, it seems that Lushan Waterfall is just around the corner. "Inside, the hair is outside. I want to fall from the sky, with both form and spirit. This is the ancient people's evaluation of this poem, which can be described as the best among many poems about waterfalls.

Tao Yukai, a poetry theorist in the Qing Dynasty, pointed out in his book On Du Fu that there are many works in Du Fu's anthology that "take poetry as painting". This five-character quatrain written in Chengdu Caotang is a very poetic masterpiece. At the beginning of the poem, I began to use ink from a big place and described the beautiful spring scenery around Huanhuaxi in the bright sunshine in early spring. This pen is simple and colorful. "Late day" means spring day, which means "spring night" in The Book of Songs, Wind and July. Here is used to highlight the sunshine in early spring, so as to control the whole. At the same time, the word "Li" is used to dye "Jiangshan", which shows the beautiful scenery of beautiful spring and green streams reflecting the sun. Although this is a sketch, the bottom of the pen is a spring swing.

In the second sentence, the poet further demonstrated the beautiful spring scenery with warm spring breeze, blooming flowers, lush grass and rich fragrance. Because the poet organically organizes the spring breeze, flowers and plants and their fragrance, readers can feel the harmony of the wind, flowers and flowers, and receive the artistic effect as if they were in the air.

On the basis of bright and broad pictures, three or four sentences turn to a concrete and vivid description of the early spring scenery.

In the third sentence, the poet chooses the most common and distinctive dynamic scenery in early spring to sketch. In spring, the flowers bloom, the soil melts, the soil is wet, and the swallows that come from autumn to spring are busy flying around and building nests with the soil. This vivid description makes the picture more vibrant, full of the breath of spring, and has a dynamic beauty. Du Fu's observation of swallows is very detailed, and "mud melting" is closely related to the first sentence, because spring returns to the earth and the sun shines brightly, which is "mud melting"; The new Yanzi made a nest out of the mud in his mouth and kept flying, showing a feeling of spring.

The fourth sentence is to outline the static scenery. Spring melts, the sun is shining and the beach is warm. Yuanyang should also enjoy the warmth of this spring and sleep on the sandbar by the stream. This is also closely related to the first sentence, because "the sun came late" warmed the beach, and the warmth of the beach attracted couples of mandarin ducks to come out of the water and bathe in the bright sunshine, which was so leisurely. From the description of the scenery, it is in contrast to the dynamic flying swallow in the third sentence, which is dynamic and static, and sets each other off. These two sentences depict the flying swallow with mud and the sleeping mandarin duck with meticulous brushwork, and cooperate with one or two sentences to outline the broad and bright scenery, which makes the whole picture harmonious and unified, forming a colorful, prosperous and aesthetic early spring scenery map. As far as the thoughts and feelings contained in the poem are concerned, it reflects the poet's pleasant mood of temporarily settling down in the thatched cottage after "four battles at one year old" and "three years of famine mountain", and also shows the poet's joy at the vitality and prosperity of nature in early spring.

This five-character quatrain is bright and beautiful in artistic conception and fresh in style. The whole poem is neat, but natural and smooth, without carving; Describing the beautiful scenery without trace is a unique chapter in Du Ji.

Two quatrains (part two)

Du Fu

The water waves in the river, the white feathers of waterfowl, the green and red flowers on the mountain are in contrast, and you want to burn.

I watched it again this spring. When is the year of return?

This poem was written by Du Fu after he entered Shu, expressing his feelings in a foreign land. "The birds in the river are white, and the mountains are blue and white." This is a landscape painting embedded in a frame. The paper is full of ink, and the painting is colorful and has a fascinating charm. You see, the blue waves are rippling all over the river, revealing white water birds, skimming over the river, what a pleasant scenery! All over the mountains and plains are green, blooming everywhere and extremely red. It's like burning a fire, how beautiful and brilliant! White bird feathers are lined with river walls, and blue and white set each other off; Green hills are lined with red flowers, and green and red compete. The word "Guo" makes the waterfowl whiter and whiter with the blue sediment of the river, and writes deeply and picturesque; And a word "desire" endows the flower with anthropomorphic dynamics and swaying. There are four poetic images of rivers, mountains, flowers and birds, which are depicted in four colors: green, green, red and white. The scene is fresh and pleasing to the eye. However, the poet's will is not here, and then, the pen path turns sharply and sighs.

"I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return?" The word "read through" in the sentence refers directly to the season of writing poetry. The scenery in late spring and early summer is not beautiful, but it is a pity that the years have passed and the return date is far away, which not only does not arouse the interest of playing, but evokes the sadness of wandering.

The artistic feature of this poem is to write sadness with joy. Only by saying that spring is harmonious can we compare the poet's eagerness to return home. It does not reveal homesickness directly from the scenery, but compares the poet's deep homesickness with the difference between objective scenery and subjective feelings.

Du Fu —— "Four quatrains"

There are long bamboo shoots in the west of the hall that don't open the door, and peppers in the north return to the village.

Shu Mei promised to have dinner with Zhu, and Kao Sung planned to talk about Ruan Sheng.

I want to be a floating cloud, and the cold rain in April is shocking.

There is a dragon cave in Qingxi first, and Zhushishan is afraid to be safe.

"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."

My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.

The medicine strips are moist green and too brown to enter the grass pavilion.

The seedlings are full of shame, and the roots dare not form.

Precautions:

Solution: In the second year of Dai Zongbao (736), the Anshi Rebellion was settled and Du Fu returned to Chengdu Caotang. At this time, his mood is particularly comfortable. Faced with a vibrant spring scene, he couldn't help but write four quatrains happily.

Appreciate:

This "Spring Scene Map" is near and far, colorful; Set off the fun, tile Ming is open, the characters are suitable, and the movement is combined; A school of vitality, a thousand miles of spring scenery, not only depicts the beauty of the motherland's mountains and rivers, but also shows the poet's state of mind. Resentment-Li Bai

The beauty has been waiting for the bead curtain and has been sitting with tight eyebrows.

You can see the bright tears on her cheeks now, but you can't see the man she loves so much?

Interpretation of poetry

The beauty rolled up the bead curtain and the moth sat locked for a long time. I only see tears wet, and I don't know who I resent.

words explanation

Sit deep: sit for a long time.

Frown: to frown.

Appreciation of poetry and prose

The beauty sat alone for a long time, frowning, wet with tears, thinking of her lover and full of sadness. This poem depicts vivid and meticulous characters, with distinct levels, profound implications and endless aftertaste.

Appreciation of Wang Changling's in my heart forever

Young women in the boudoir don't know how to worry, and spring makeup goes to Cuilou.

Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng.

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This poem is widely circulated and widely known, and its characteristics can be summarized as two points: one is its origin, and the other is its originality.

Said it had a history. It mainly means that "always in my heart" is a traditional theme. He Xun in the Liang Dynasty wrote two poems of funeral march, which expressed the loneliness and sadness of "tears in front of the pillow" and "flowers alone in the back garden" in the boudoir. In the early years of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (627-649), Xie Yan, who was famous for his poems, got four poems in the whole Tang Dynasty, one of which was called "Yuefu New Songs to Teach", and its poem goes as follows: The thin skirt was completely leaked, leaving a thin fan to keep out the dust. Always fill the bottle with wine, and song of song will never tire of seeing new things. Yan Zi wants to fly around the building first. The oriole was charming from the beginning. Stir the silk and faint the willows, and the thick leaves are dark. Guest Mo Wei has his own moon wheel in Xiyuan. "Obviously, Wang Changling's" in my heart forever "used some sentences of Xie Shi. Wu Zetian's "Su's Brocade Palindrome" said: "Writing brocade online is the purpose of modern in my heart forever, and scholars of literature are salty and mirror. "The so-called" Jin Palindrome "and" Jin Palindrome "are the same allusion, which comes from the Biography of Tao Dou's Wife in the Book of Jin. Refers to the pre-Qin dynasty, the history of the secretariat moved to quicksand: his wife (word) thought about it, and Jin was a palindrome poem to give it, which could be read in a roundabout way. " Turtle Mirror is a reference. Wang Changling's poem Forever in My Heart is not a direct biography of Tao Dou's wife, but it shows the loneliness of a "young woman" and her yearning for her husband. "I don't know what to worry about" and "suddenly enlightened" in the third sentence coordinate with each other, paving the way for the following abrupt turn. The conception is novel and ingenious, and the contrast is strong, which has the effect of complementary opposites.

First, the innovation of aesthetic content. Insects and plants are often used in The Book of Songs to cause the sadness of leaving people, but generally there is no deeper meaning. The young woman here not only reminds her of her husband, but also regrets not letting him go out for fame. It goes without saying that in this young woman's view, "willow color" is more worthy of nostalgia and pursuit than "seeking printing". It not only contains the author's contempt for fame and fortune, but also contains the treasure of beautiful times and youth, and its aesthetic content is novel and even progressive.

Ideologically, the value of this poem is mainly reflected in the fourth sentence, and the focus of this sentence is the word "seeking to seal the Hou", which is similar to the "in my heart forever's purpose" in the turtle mirror written by a scholar in the early Tang Dynasty.

Among the existing 180 poems in Wang Changling, quatrains account for about half, and it is said that they can compete with Li Bai, and they are all excellent works. If Wang Shizhen's Memory of Yan Yuan Yan can be called a "masterpiece", then its "spirit" is mainly manifested in a new word.

Second, the author is unique. The first sentence is "I don't know how to worry" ("All Tang Poems" means "don't worry"), and the editor of "Three Hundred Tang Poems" made a marginal note on these three words: "Take these three words first, and then return to the following." In fact, not only these three words, but the first two sentences of the poem are contrary to the meaning of "always in my heart", which embodies the young woman's naive mentality and love of beauty. Many anthologies interpret these three words as "joining the army" or "a good man who works hard in the military" (Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty, Volume 47). Although this explanation can't be wrong, it is suspected of being partial. Of course, you can get fame by joining the army, but the way to get fame is not the only one. So I think the meanings of "seeking seal" and "seeking promotion" are roughly the same. There is a saying in the biography of Xue Dengchuan in the New Tang Dynasty: "Fang is especially good at this. The imperial edict of the Ming Dynasty, which is inherent in the drive of the government temple, goes in and out of the head of the maharaja, Chen En. Remember the oath. So it is commonly called an elevator. " In this poem, "seeking fame" generally refers to going out to seek fame, either joining the army or seeking other names.

To annotate ...

1 makeup: full makeup. Quatrain

Zhinan

The shade of ancient wood is a short awning, and the stick thistle helps me cross the east of the bridge.

The clothes are wet and the apricot blossoms are raining, and the face is not cold.

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The living condition of Zhinan is not verified, and it is not as healthy as the "Four Poets of Zhongxing" and "Mr. Er Quan" in the literary world at that time. But this little poem, with its delicate feelings and true description of early spring and February, recorded its name in the history of Song poetry.

Zhao Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote in the volume of Poems for Entertainment: "Monks can read poems in the south, and Zhu Wengong tasted and commented:' Southern poems are more beautiful than Gree, and there is no smell of vegetables and bamboo shoots. Like a cloud, "I want wet clothes, I want rain and apricot blossoms, and the willows are not cold." Give it deep love. Zhu's evaluation of his poems is based on whether there is a taste of bamboo shoots, which is actually one of the issues discussed in the poetry theory of the Song Dynasty. Su Shi said in "Giving Poems to Monks, Taoists and General Affairs": "The language has been foggy since ancient times, and the gas contains vegetables and bamboo shoots for the public." Note: "It means there is no sour stuffing." May be the first to put forward this proposition. He commented on a sentence by Si Kongtu in the Tang Dynasty: "The piano is quiet in the court, and the stone altar is high in shadow". He said: "I have tasted the Five Old Peaks, and I have been to the White Crane Yard, where the pine trees are everywhere. I didn't see anyone, but I heard its voice, and then I knew the function of this sentence. But I hate it cold and awkward. " (Shu Tu Shi) clearly shows this tendency. He opposed the poems of monks and the bamboo shoots of vegetables, which was also endorsed by many poets. For example, Ye Mengde's "Shi Lin Shi Hua" said: "There are many monks who study poetry in modern times, and they don't feel detached and complacent. They often copy the legacy of literati. I also made a monk's body with a particularly vulgar rhythm, which the world calls sour stuffing. " Investigating the connotation of bamboo shoots refers to the loneliness of feelings and the coldness of the realm. This is a state closely related to the life and spirit of monks, and it is a specific "wind flow under the forest", which seems to have its rationality. Therefore, in the previous episode, Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden in Conghua" quoted Xiqing's poem as saying: "Dongpo monk poems should be free of bamboo shoots, and poets should take them. If you misunderstand this time, you will make it a language in the world network. I don't know whether the family style and the weather under the forest by the water are indispensable. If you wash away the rhyme and make it the same as the custom, what is enough! " Yuan Haowen put it more bluntly in the Preface to Mu 'an's Poems: "The poems of monks are different from poets because they are covered with bamboo shoots." Indeed, if we admit that life is the only source of all literature and art, then why not admit that bamboo shoots can best reflect the living conditions of poets and monks? In fact, what Su Shi scholars say is to incorporate all poetry creation into the aesthetic taste and standards of literati and obliterate its due uniqueness. This is even inconsistent with Su Shi's thought of pursuing diversity, which is often expressed in his poetics. Therefore, we would rather understand it as his momentary remarks, because from some of his specific works, there are many "bamboo shoots". Returning to the poem "Guide", Zhu praised it for not smelling like bamboo shoots, and said it from the standpoint of a scholar. This shows that Zhinan is an all-rounder in poetry creation, and monks can write good poems with or without bamboo shoots.