Why does this city, located in the southwest of Henan, become the most populous city in Henan?

Shan Zhinan, the north of the water is Yang, and Nanyang is so rigid.

Among the cities in Henan, Nanyang is definitely not the best: the history is not as long as Anyang, the culture is not as deep as Luoyang, and the economy is not as developed as Zhengzhou. But if you want to find a city that combines the advantages of these siblings, it must be Nanyang.

Located in the transitional zone between the north and the south, this city attracts nearly 654.38 billion tourists every year with the "mixed-race face value" of the north and the south.

People who are obsessed with history are eager to explore the starry Eastern Han Three Kingdoms. People who are obsessed with folk customs are eager to meet the changed but still fresh folk customs here; People who are obsessed with food are eager to taste the spicy soup with Henan flavor and the noodles with Regan Noodles temperament in Dengzhou Wozi. ...

Facing tourists like weaving, Nanyang is as calm as facing the storm of history. Only by walking in can you get to know her.

Where is Nanyang?

Nanyang is located in the southwest of Henan, at the junction of Shaanxi, Hubei and Henan provinces.

Wudang Mountain, Funiu Mountain and Tongbai Mountain come from the southwest, the north and the southeast respectively, and they enclose her into an inverted U-shaped basin with high periphery and low middle, which is why she was called "Wan" in ancient times.

Topographically, Nanyang seems destined to "die alone" in the hinterland of the Central Plains, but the mountains are closed and the water must be dredged. The rivers in Nanyang are complicated and belong to Hanshui River Basin (a part of the Yangtze River Basin), Huaihe River Basin and Yellow River Basin. In addition, since the pre-Qin period, people here have been trying to open up a road, and "harmony between man and nature" has created a land and water in a place that should be closed.

The location factors at the junction of Nanyang three provinces have also been able to "show their talents" because of the developed transportation. "West near the mountain, can call soldiers; East to Jianghuai, grain millet can be transported; Nantong Jinghu, Bashu, can bring goods; According to the northern three capitals, rescue can be sent. "

In the center of the basin, the plain, which accounts for about one-third of the whole area of Nanyang, is a concentrated production area of grain, oil, tobacco and alcohol in China and a famous "Zhongzhou granary". The grain planting area only accounts for 9% of Henan province, but Nanyang has been developed into the most populous city in Henan.

The humid climate and abundant mountains and rivers make Nanyang live up to expectations-Xixia County has 400,000 mu of wild kiwifruit and 6.5438+200,000 mu of artificial kiwifruit, making Nanyang the "hometown of kiwifruit in China" and Henan the second largest kiwifruit producing province in China. At the same time, there are more than 20 kinds of fruits such as apples, oranges, jujubes, chestnuts and papaya. Cornus officinalis, Flos Magnoliae, Eucommia ulmoides and other Chinese herbal medicines 10; Tree species such as pine, Chinese fir and paulownia have won the reputation of "the hometown of famous and special economic forests in China" for many counties (cities) in Nanyang, providing more possibilities for Nanyang's economic development.

In addition, among the mountains and rivers in Nanyang, there are many kinds of mineral deposits that rank first in Henan: gold mine, silver mine, copper mine, petroleum, graphite, sillimanite (high-grade refractory) ... But the most famous mineral deposit in Nanyang is dushan jade, one of the "Four Famous Jade in China", which is also called "Nanyang Jade" because it is mainly produced in Nanyang.

Mountains and rivers win, and things are beautiful. It can be said that Nanyang has been shining with "unique" light since its appearance.

How is Nanyang's "masculinity" tempered?

"Takamatsu Yue Wei, extreme in the sky. Yue Wei was born to the gods, and he was blessed. "

The "Shen" in The Book of Songs, Daya Takamatsu, is Shen Bo who later inherited the career of the Zhou Emperor and became a model of the southern vassal States. After Nanyang was sealed, Xie Yi (now Wolong District, Nanyang City) was taken as the capital, and Shen Guo was established, which became the gateway and barrier to the south of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the royal family declined, and Shen Guo was bound to decline. At the same time, the southern state of Chu became more and more powerful, expanding its territory to the north, "destroying Shen as a county" and becoming the overlord of the south. Due to the obvious geographical advantages of Nanyang, the State of Chu built Wancheng on the basis of Xieyi to "resist the northern summer". Therefore, Nanyang is also one of the birthplaces of Chu-Han culture, which combines the cultures of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

Time flies, ups and downs alternate, and in the Warring States period, Qin became the strongest country among the seven heroes of the Warring States. In 292 BC, the State of Qin seized Wancheng, which was occupied by South Korea at that time. Twenty years later, Zhao Haoqi of Qin established Nanyang County here. Shan Zhinan, north of Hanshui River, is called Yang. This land is located at the southern foot of Funiu Mountain and north of Hanjiang River. Since then, BLACKPINK appeared in the name of "Nanyang", set foot on the historical stage and began her legendary story.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, a native of Handan, "built a new building on behalf of the Han Dynasty", and the world was in chaos. Liu Xiu, a native of Caiyang County, Nanyang County (now Hubei Province), "started in Nanyang". Three years later, Luoyang was its capital, the Eastern Han Dynasty was established, and Nanyang was its capital. "He often visits his land, which is rich in cultural relics and unprecedented."

Most of the 28 generals who assisted Liu Xiu in his imperial career came from Nanyang, so Nanyang became a political and cultural center second only to Luoyang, the capital city, and a famous "land of emperors" with a population of more than 2 million. The border between the north and the south, with convenient land and water transportation, became an important driving force for Nanyang's commercial development during this period, making her "business all over the world and rich in the sea".

The prosperity of economy and the unprecedented improvement of political status provided the foundation for Nanyang's "cultural blowout":

As we all know, Zhang Heng, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, improved and invented the armillary sphere and the seismograph, but few people know that apart from his achievements in astronomy and geography, he is also a "wooden sage" skilled in mechanical technology, and he is also called "the four outstanding writers of Han Fu" with Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong and Ban Gu, and he is from Nanyang. In order to commemorate this great Nanyang man, 1970, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on the back of the moon as "Zhangheng Crater"; 1977, the asteroid 1802 in the solar system was named "Zhang Hengxing".

After Zhang Heng, Zhang Zhongjing, another Nanyang native at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, extensively collected medical prescriptions and wrote the masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which established the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment and was respected as a "medical sage" by later generations. Treatise on Febrile Diseases is one of the most influential works in China's medical history, and it is still one of the basic courses offered by China TCM colleges.

Another celebrity at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, though not from Nanyang, became famous in Nanyang in the future. In the face of Liu Bei, who was at a loss, he put forward the strategy of "three points in the world" with great foresight, which helped Liu Bei establish a Shu state with Wu and Wei. He is Zhuge Liang, who devoted himself to death. He is also the embodiment of wisdom in the minds of China people for thousands of years. He is a resourceful "sage of wisdom" and is deeply respected by China people.

Even in the Song Dynasty, Nanyang's status declined because it could not pass through waterways, and it was still the first choice for the emperor to enfeoffment heroes.

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Chang, the son of 13, was appointed king here by Zhu Yuanzhang, who succeeded to the throne for 239 years, thus managing Nanyang in an orderly way. In the Qing Dynasty, the post roads south of Beijing mostly went here, and the Baihe Wharf in the south of the city became the connection point of land and water transportation. Businessmen from the north and the south gathered, and this grand occasion lasted until the Republic of China.

Nanyang is an important transportation hub in Central China.

Looking back at history, Nanyang people always like to mention the "hometown of emperors" in the Han Dynasty, and it is easy to sigh that "this is not what it used to be", but in fact Nanyang has always been very important.

The "Nanxiang Passage", an important channel for ancient communication between the north and the south of the Central Plains, has developed for thousands of years, including Nanyang, Xiangyang, Laohekou, Fangcheng, Tanghe, Sheqi, Dengzhou, Xinye and other famous towns. The land and water networks are intertwined, reaching Xi 'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Beijing and other capital cities in the north, and Jingzhou, Hankou and Changsha in Nantong.

1969, the construction of Jiaozhi Railway, which runs through Nanyang, started, and later became an important part of Liu Jiao Railway in China's "three horizontal and five vertical trunk railway networks", connecting the three major regions of North China, Central China and South China in China; It is intertwined with the Ningxi Railway, which runs through Nanyang from east to west, and forms a railway "cross" center in the center of Nanyang.

National highways such as Shanghai-Shaanxi Expressway and Erguang Expressway that pass through Nanyang, seven national highways such as 31,3 12, 207, 208, 209, 345, 24 1, and eight provincial highways interweave Nanyang into important highways in Henan Province and even Central China.

Folk customs make spring in Nanyang more beautiful.

The convenience of transportation and the prosperity of business have played a great role in the development of folk culture in Nanyang.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were hundreds of operas and dances here. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were "building fields" and "watching sheds". In the Yuan Dynasty, Quyi art blossomed everywhere in China. After a long period of accumulation, by the Ming Dynasty, Nanyang Drum Ziqu had begun to take shape. By the Qing Dynasty, Nanyang Drum Ziqu had integrated a variety of folk arts and developed into a unique Nanyang major tune.

With the development of Quyi, Nanyang Sanxianshu and Nanyang Guci have appeared. Nanyang Sanxianshu once entered Hubei, Shaanxi, Anhui and other places, and was well received by the people. In the Qing Dynasty, more than 65,438+000 artists from all over the country spontaneously gathered in Nanyang and set up tents to sing, which became a great event at that time. Zhiruo Drum Ci is also deeply rooted in the hearts of local people, because it is integrated into local music and vocabulary, and every aria ends with a "hum", so Nanyang is used to calling it "drum hum".

These arts from folk and history are also called important spiritual food and entertainment activities of Nanyang people.

Nanyang has the habit of catching up with temple fairs and Spring Festival every year. On the 16th day of the first month, there is Zhuge Temple Fair. On the eighteenth day of the first month, there is a temple fair of medical shrine; On March 3, there was a Dushan Zushi Temple Meeting; On March 28th, there was a Spring Festival in Gulugou, Dongguan. On the eighth day of April, there will be the Spring Festival of Weigongqiao ... In addition, Tian Fei Temple, Huang San Temple and Taishan Temple will all hold grand temple fairs. By then, folk artists from all walks of life will gather in Nanyang, showing their abilities and unspeakable.

Colorful folk customs make spring in Nanyang particularly lively, and the best time to feel Nanyang's history, culture and customs is undoubtedly spring. At this time in Nanyang, the weather is sunny and the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant. After a special and long winter, she has turned her uniqueness into a celebration of mankind, presenting us with a spring full of hope and vitality.

-End-

Wenshi third temple

Figure editing DC sheet

Map compilation: Chili powder

Picture-sealing photography |

This article is the characteristic content of Netease News "each has its own attitude".

reference data

Ren Chongyue Nanyang Tourism Education Press 200 1

Li Rui's The Ancient and Modern Changes of Nanyang Geo-traffic and Its Impact on Urban Development.

Nie's Study on the Tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Nanyang Basin

Yu Qian's research on urban commercial space and guild hall building in Xiangnan Road.