How to focus a broadcast camera manually

1. The camera must be stable.

Stability is the first element that photographers should keep in mind. The stable picture gives people a kind of safe, true and beautiful enjoyment, which makes people feel very comfortable. If the picture is unstable, then the whole picture will shake from side to side, making people unable to see the subject clearly and it is difficult to understand your shooting intention. Moreover, the picture is dazzling, has psychological influence, makes people upset and very anxious. I won't explain this psychologically, just think about it. An object jumps before your eyes. Want to see clearly, but can't see clearly, will the mood be good? Therefore, keeping the picture consistent and stable is the first prerequisite for shooting. Whether shooting, such as pushing, pulling, shaking, moving, leaning, tilting and zooming, we always work around how to keep the picture stable, so as to shoot good materials. To sum up, maintaining the stability of the picture can be well solved from three aspects:

1. Use tripod resolutely if conditions permit.

Using a tripod is the simplest and best way to keep the picture stable. In fact, TV stations will use tripods whether shooting TV series or shooting parties, because it can keep the picture stable to the greatest extent. Some people will say that TV stations are stable in shooting news without tripod, but that's because TV cameramen are professionals with strong basic skills, and they all use shoulder cameras. Our ordinary camera lovers all use small machines, and their basic skills are very different. Therefore, to keep the picture highly stable, using a tripod is the safest way. Here, I suggest that camera enthusiasts buy those portable tripods, which are not only convenient to carry, but also can break through the environmental restrictions and be used in various occasions.

2. Keep the correct shooting posture

Correct shooting posture includes correct camera holding posture and correct shooting posture. There is no fixed mode for holding the camera, which varies from camera to camera, but generally, when opening the viewfinder, you must hold the viewfinder with your left hand, otherwise it will easily cause the camera to shake.

Shooting postures mainly include standing posture shooting and kneeling posture shooting: when shooting in standing posture, hold the camera tightly with both hands, relax your shoulders, press your right elbow to your side, and lift the camera to a position slightly higher than your chest. Hold the camera with your left hand to help stabilize the camera, and take a comfortable and stable posture to ensure that the camera is stable. Legs are naturally separated, about shoulder width, toes slightly outward, stand firm and keep balance. When shaking, the lifting frame should be placed in an uncomfortable position, and the picture on the left should be placed in a comfortable position. Try to keep your feet still when possible.

When shooting in kneeling position, the left knee touches the ground, the right elbow rests on the right knee, and the left hand also holds the camera, which can obtain the best stability. You can also use local materials at the shooting site to support and stabilize the body and machine with the help of stones, railings, trunks, walls and other fixtures. Correct posture is not only conducive to operating the machine, but also can avoid the fatigue caused by long-term shooting. If you shake the camera again, you will shake it from an uncomfortable position to a comfortable position. It is also important to note that don't be clever and avoid shooting around with the machine in one hand, or shooting while walking.

3. Practice basic shooting skills.

Practicing basic skills will provide better guarantee for your shooting effect, not only improve your shooting stability, but also improve all aspects of quality, and you will benefit from the improvement of basic skills. One of the basic exercises is to shoot more, and the other is to watch more, see what others or TV pictures look like, and learn more. In short, when practicing basic skills, you are not required to practice three or nine in winter and three in summer. Just pay more attention to accumulation.

2. Learning composition is the key to improve photography.

Like painting and photography, photography is also an artistic technique. The key is the bright lines and the harmony of the picture. A good composition not only makes people feel that the theme is clear, but also gives people a visual and psychological impact. A failed composition will make people think that the material you shot is messy. Therefore, to improve the level of photography, we must start with the link of building a good map. We should start from the following aspects:

1. Rational use of far, all, middle, near and specialized.

There are several kinds of camera framing, and the viewing angle of the picture changes from maximum to minimum. Foresight is generally to pull the camera lens to the maximum, and your camera can reach the maximum range that the camera can reach. Generally used when performing grand scenes, mainly for people to use when they are magnificent and huge. Panorama generally refers to showing the whole picture of a thing to everyone, for example, taking a panoramic picture of a person, that is, bringing in people from head to toe in the camera to let people know the whole picture of things. Mid shot refers to taking a part of things, but it can go deep into the main body and basically show all the parts. For example, figure composition generally refers to what we usually call a bust, but we should pay special attention here. Don't take screenshots of people's knees, waist and other joints when shooting the middle scene. Close-up is generally a technique of expression that focuses on depicting details, such as photographing people's facial expressions. Close-ups are further descriptions and are often used when shooting small animals. For example, if you pat a bee on a petal, you must take a close-up shot. The choice of scenery is mainly based on the theme to be expressed in the shooting. We don't write for the sake of writing, which must be borne in mind.

2. Learn the golden section and one-third composition.

We have studied mathematics, and 0.6 18 is the golden section. Generally, we divide a picture horizontally into 0.6 18 and 0.382. What is at the golden section in a picture is the coordinate that attracts the most visual attention, not the midpoint that everyone can easily feel. Therefore, when writing, we should try to avoid putting the subject in the center. Of course, it is not absolute. If there is a companion, such as many people in a row, then I must put the important person in the middle. Of course, the golden section we are talking about is two points, not just 0.6 18 on the left or side. Another rough method is to divide a painting into nine parts with two vertical lines and two horizontal lines, so that the four intersections of the four lines are basically the visual center of people, and putting the subject at the intersection can attract people's visual attention.

3. Composition of colors in contrast with static and dynamic.

Red flowers always have green leaves to set off, and so does our composition. If the whole picture is green with only a little red, then no matter where the red is, it will always attract people's visual attention, so making good use of color composition can often produce unexpected results. There are also static and dynamic contrast compositions. On TV, we often see cars coming and going, people coming and going, and only the protagonist is walking slowly in the street, so we naturally pay attention to him and ignore other backgrounds. By the same token, everything is static, and an object is moving, so we will naturally pay attention to it. Reasonable use of static and dynamic phase contrast can produce unexpected results.

3. Rational use of light is a necessary factor for good restoration of the shot picture.

Briefly introduce the light: Smoothing means that the camera and the light source are in a straight line and in the same direction when shooting. Backlight: When shooting, the camera and the light source are on the same line and in opposite directions. Side light: the shooting opportunity is at a certain angle with the light source level, but on the same side of the main body. Side backlight: the shooting opportunity is at a certain angle with the light source level, but distributed on both sides of the main body. The picture taken along the light is particularly smooth, but it will lack a sense of hierarchy and produce a flat effect. I don't recommend backlighting, except in special circumstances or when special effects are displayed. Because if you use average exposure or automatic exposure backlight, the theme will be darker, and if you increase the aperture, the whole background will be overexposed, which is particularly dazzling. Photometry is better than smooth light in expressing the layering of the subject, and the photos taken have a three-dimensional effect. Of course, when we run out of light, we should use it randomly according to the specific theme and light, and there is no absolute. But we generally don't use the overhead light (that is, the light source is at the top of the main body) and the foot light (the light source is directly below the main body). Because it can make people particularly evil, it is often used to shoot villains in movies.

4. Mastering rhythm can give people a sense of harmony.

The problem of rhythm is more difficult to master. We should adopt different rhythms according to the specific theme we want to express, and gradually sum up and explore in frequent shooting and regular exercise. Take the stage camera as an example. When you sing a slow song or dance softly, you must adopt a slow rhythm. When singing hot songs or dancing hard, we must adopt a fast rhythm, which means that the rhythm of the camera should be consistent with the main rhythm, so as to better express the theme. The fast pace of the camera is mainly manifested in several aspects: the speed of pushing and pulling the lens, the speed of shaking the lens, the speed of changing the theme and the speed of throwing the lens.

5. Proper use of manual will improve your shooting level.

I don't advocate automatic shooting at any time. Although the automatic function of the camera is perfect now, dv lovers still need to use manual shooting if they want to further improve their shooting level. Because manual operation can avoid many shortcomings of automation, to sum up, it is mainly manifested in the average exposure of the camera and the underexposure of the subject when shooting in backlight. At this time, we can manually adjust the aperture to increase the aperture, which is the correct reduction of the subject; When shooting on the stage, the lights are flickering and the highlights move around. Because our camera usually focuses on the bright spot, it is definitely not focused on the object to be photographed as we imagined, and the focus will jump around. At this time, we can use manual focusing to achieve the desired shooting effect. When shooting, especially in large tourist attractions, it is difficult to ensure that no one walks between the people or attractions we want to shoot, so our camera will jump, and we can avoid this by using manual focusing. Proper use of manual operation will greatly improve the quality of our camera materials and improve our camera level.

Other precautions for camera shooting:

Remember to adjust the white balance before each shot. It is especially rhythmic to push and pull the lens at the same time when shaking it. When shooting, you must press the video button 10 second before the start of the material you want and 10 second after recording. When shaking the lens, you must pre-shake it at least once and start it for at least 5 seconds. The picture on the left must be at least 5 seconds, and the rhythm should be consistent.

Use mobile phone photography to increase the attraction of the plot

The lens shot by the "moving" method has a sense of presence, and only by pushing, pulling and panning can it have incomparable visual effects, and the mirror is closer to the shooting target, which is very suitable for long-lens shooting.

When shooting a moving target, you can use the method of panning or pushing and pulling the lens, and you can also use the method of moving. But if you shoot the same target with different shooting methods, the effect will be very different.

When introducing a larger scene, panning has its own advantages: it can sweep from one end of the horizontal line to the other in a few seconds, but most of the pictures are at a considerable distance, so it is impossible to take details. If you use the displacement method, you can get close to the target you want to shoot; You can display multiple pictures from different angles in the same clip; You can shoot the nuances that can't be shot by translation.

When shooting a static target-for example, when shooting a group of scenes near buildings, it is more appropriate to move forward, because it will make people really feel that the picture is moving and the effect is more natural.

Although the zoom lens is somewhat similar to this shift, if we shoot this clip with the zoom lens, the picture will be unreal. It is a bad expedient to enlarge the picture with a zoom lens, because it can't produce the same feeling of moving the camera forward or backward.

Use auxiliary equipment

Generally speaking, you should avoid taking pictures while holding a camera, because it may lead to unstable pictures, but in the case of quality first, you have to do so, leaving you no choice.

The biggest problem to be solved in mobile phone photography is how to prevent camera shake. When shooting moving objects, it is best to have some kind of support with wheels. The most professional method is to use a camera trolley, that is, to lay a simple track on the ground when shooting a moving lens: install the camera on a platform with wheels, and then push the platform to move on the track. This platform is called a camera car. This is the most common practice of professional photography at present, and it is also the most effective method to ensure the quality of photography, which we can all see in the shooting of movies and TV series.

But this platform is expensive, which is an extravagant hope for ordinary camcorder users. The way for civilians is to use a tripod car: that is, to install wheels at the bottom of the tripod so that it can move on the flat ground. What we do now is to use almost anything with wheels as a substitute: wheelchairs, cars, shopping carts in supermarkets, as long as the cars run smoothly. Although this is done at the expense of the quality of the work, if your work is not film-level, the film effect made in this way is acceptable.

Take pictures on foot

In many cases, it is impossible to move the camera with the help of equipment, such as home video, news interview, travel video and so on. And we can only rely on the photographer's footwork to maintain the stability of the camera. This requires the cameraman not to walk casually as usual, but to bend his knees, move his body center of gravity down and walk on tiptoe. Stand upright above the waist, explore the road with your toes when walking, and compensate the height of the road with your feet to reduce the ups and downs of your body when moving. The waist, legs and feet must be well coordinated so that the movement of the machine can achieve the effect of sliding.

According to the different moving routes, it can be divided into three types: back and forth movement, left and right movement and arc movement.

Walking back and forth is the most basic way of walking. When shooting a moving object (such as a couple walking slowly into the wedding hall), the photographer should be in front of the moving object and keep a proper distance, and the lens should be aimed at the photographer. The cameraman stepped back steadily with the progress of the two couples, and paid attention to his walking route must be consistent with the cameraman. Because of the face-to-face shooting, all the expressions and movements of the photographer can be seen at a glance, which is convenient for the photographer to capture the subtle differences of the moving face and is conducive to depicting the psychological changes of the characters. In this case, we should make good use of close-ups.

When walking back and forth to shoot, there is another problem that needs attention: before shooting, you must know the walking route of the target, how the road conditions are, and be aware of it. If the road is uneven or there are obstacles, measures should be taken in advance to avoid affecting the shooting effect or even tripping.

"Moving left and right" means walking sideways. The lines of the photographer and the subject are parallel, so you have to walk sideways to shoot. This shift mode is different from "moving back and forth shooting". In the process of shooting, close-ups are rarely used to depict the details of characters, but are usually used to emphasize the changes in the walking route or surrounding environment of the subject.

Moving left and right, as the name implies, the walking route of the foot is left and right, not back and forth, so this walking mode is very different from the pace of "moving back and forth". If you want to walk to the right, bend your leg slightly first, then move your left foot to the front of your right foot so that the front end of your right knee touches the back of your left knee. When the left foot touches the ground, slowly shift the center of gravity to the left foot, and then stand firm with the right foot around the left foot ... Repeat the above actions in turn to complete the whole shooting process. Similarly, the process of going left will be completed in the same way.

"Arc moving shooting" refers to moving the photographer in a circle or arc direction, not in a straight line. The walking mode of "arc shooting" is basically the same as that of side walking, but the walking route is different. The radian of arc photography should not be too big or too small, and it should be controlled between 120- 180. Throughout the clip, the main target should remain in the center of the picture.

Using this "arc shooting" method to shoot around a still scene, such as a fountain, a statue or even a bunch of flowers, is much more vivid and interesting than standing in situ to shoot the picture, which can well reflect the depth and level of the still scene.

Generally, just read the instructions. You should buy it. The explanation is more detailed, and there are illustrations!

I wish you an instant success!