What kind of flower is this?

Iris is a kind of Iris, which is a general name of a family of herbaceous flowering plants. The name "iris" comes from Greek, which means rainbow. It shows that the color of the rainbow in the sky can be seen from the color of the flowers of this genus. Iris is often used as a symbol of love and friendship in our country. It has a bright future in Wan Li. This flower consists of 6 petal-shaped leaves, 3 or 6 stamens and an ovary wrapped by pedicels. The fragrance is elegant and can be used to make perfume. It is distributed in Japan, central China, Siberia, French and almost the whole temperate world. It is the national flower of France. property

Basic information? Iris purpurea

Latin scientific name: Iris tectorum(“Iris "means" rainbow, rainbow "; "Tektom" is "on the roof") alias: blue butterfly, flat bamboo flower, China iris, duck flower, Phalaenopsis, Alice uses: flower border, overgrown, out of the ground: kite (glede), reading (yuan) is a bird of the eagle, and "Poem Ya Gan Foothills" says "kite. Its Greek/English name is iris, which means rainbow. Because this flower has five colors: red, orange, purple, blue, white and black, it deserves the name of rainbow. Its French name is Iris or Iris. Lotus means flowers, and lis means lilies. But its ancient spelling is fleur-de-luce, from the Latin lux, luc, that is, light. So this flower is also called "the flower of light". The name comes from iris, and the Chinese name comes from its petals like the tail of a kite. It is also said that the name of this plant comes from the angel of God and the rainbow that connects the earth with other worlds. Iris is called iris because its petals are shaped like the tail of a kite. Its common name iris means "rainbow" in Greek, which means rich colors. Different from lily, the national flower of France is vetiver iris (F? iris

Leur de lis), beautiful and graceful, is very similar to lily. Iris and Lily belong to two completely different families. Although at first glance, it seems that both of them have six "petals", I don't know that iris has only three petals, and the other three petals are sepals that protect flower buds. Just because these three petals look like petals, they are often confused with the real ones, so it is difficult to identify them. In addition, the "petals" of iris are half-cocked and half-rolled, while the petals of lily are all upward. Other irises also have three long tongue-shaped petals that change from gynogenesis to deep flower heart. Because Europeans often refer to iris as "lily", many people think that the national flower of France is lily. Iris is often translated into "Jin Baihe" in modern Chinese, and the correct translation should be "Iris". Iris (fleur de lis). The plant originated from Iris, including gladiolus, crocus, cymbidium and so on. , about 200 genera, so Iris is a very large family. Among these genera, thousands of species are found in the northern hemisphere. The name "iris" comes from Greek, which means rainbow. It shows that the color of the rainbow in the sky can be seen from the color of the flowers of this genus. People were familiar with iris even in ancient times. For example, the image of Iris was recorded in the pyramids of ancient Egypt, and its history can be traced back to 1500 BC. The wild species of Iris are mainly distributed in North Africa, Spain, Portugal, Caucasus, Lebanon and Israel. Small perennial herb with growth habit, the base of the plant is light green, surrounded by 3-5 sheath leaves and a small amount of residual fiber from old leaves. Rhizomes are slender, tough, forked, transverse, brownish yellow and swollen at nodes; The fibrous roots are thin and brown, and they are born on the nodes. The leaves are narrow and yellow-green. At flowering stage, the leaves are 5-20cm long and1-2.5mm wide. In fruiting stage, the leaves are 40 cm long and 7 mm wide. The tip is conical, the base is sheath-shaped, and there are 1-2 longitudinal veins. The flower stem is 5-7 cm high, and there are 1-2 sheath-like stems and leaves in the middle and lower part; 2 bracts, herbaceous, green, narrowly lanceolate, 3.5-5.5 cm long and 6 mm wide, tapering at the top, containing flowers 1 flower; Flowers pale blue-purple, 3.5-4 cm in diameter; Pedicel length 0.6- 1 cm; The perianth tube is 2.5-3 (5) cm long, and the outer perianth lobes are obovate, about 2.5 cm long and 1- 1.2 cm wide. In full bloom, the upper part is flat, with horseshoe-shaped markings and wedge-shaped claws, and the midvein has yellow cockscomb appendages, which are flat and felt-like, and the inner perianth lobes are oblanceolate and 2.2 cm long. Stamens are about 1 cm long, filaments and anthers are white; Style branches are light blue-purple, about 65438 0.8 cm long and about 4 mm wide. The top lobe is in the shape of Yangtze River Delta, and the outer edge has inconspicuous sparse teeth. Ovary green, cylindrical, 4-5 mm long. The capsule is spherical with a diameter of 1.2- 1.5 cm and a short beak at the top. Pedicel length 1- 1.3 cm, bracts persistent at fruit base. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruiting period is from May to July. ? [ 1]

? Goddess of the rainbow

Iris is a kind of Iris, which is a general name of a family of herbaceous flowering plants. This flower consists of 6 petal-shaped leaves, 3 or 6 stamens and an ovary wrapped by pedicels. Flowers are shaped like dancing butterflies. In May, when the iris blooms, you can see butterflies flying among the green leaves, as if to spread the news of spring to the distance. Species Distribution Iris grows in central China, Japan, Siberia, France and almost the whole temperate world. Taxonomic iris can be divided into perennial iris and bulbous iris. Iris perennialis grows in many flower beds as a perennial plant, and Iris germanica, Iris sibirica and Iris flavescens are the most common. Iris germanica has colorful flowers: white, blue, purple, purplish red, yellow and multicolor; Iris sibirica is almost blue and blue-purple, and a few are white and yellow; The yellow irises are all yellow. Iris bulbifera contains few groups. However, these groups are extremely important in commercial flower production. Among them, Iris reticulata is composed of some cultivated varieties with early flowering and short flowering period. For example, the blue-purple iris reticulata and the yellow iris denver are two of them. The Spanish group includes all Dutch irises, Spanish irises and English irises. However, the Dutch iris is the most important to produce these flowers. Dutch iris includes a large number of cultivated varieties, among which "Blue Devil" and "Professor Professor Blaauw" are widely cultivated. It is simple and practical to classify iris by color. It can be divided into purple, blue, white, yellow-white, yellow mixed with other colors, and multicolor. 5. Pharmacological action of traditional Chinese medicine 1. Anti-inflammatory effect: Iris flavanone glycoside has anti-hyaluronidase effect in test tube and is not blocked by cysteine. It can also inhibit hyaluronic acid edema in rats but not carrageenan edema, and also inhibit ascites exudation caused by intraperitoneal injection of nitrogen mustard in rats. 2. Other effects: Iris flavone glycosides can promote saliva secretion in rabbits, and the effect of injection is faster and stronger than oral administration. It tastes bitter, pungent and flat. A little poisonous. This species is a poisonous plant in China plant atlas database. The toxicity of iris is the toxicity of the whole grass, especially the roots and seeds, especially the fresh roots. Cattle and pigs have swallowing and vomiting effects, and the digestive tract and liver are inflamed. The main functions are promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, expelling wind and promoting diuresis, detoxifying and diminishing inflammation, and resolving food stagnation. Used for traumatic injury, rheumatic pain, sore throat, dyspepsia, abdominal distension and malaria; External use for treating carbuncle, furuncle and traumatic bleeding. Usage and dosage 3 ~ 5 yuan; Appropriate amount for external use, fresh rhizome mashed for external use, or dry product ground and applied to the affected area. Iris is toxic all over the body, especially in the roots. Improper use can cause vomiting, diarrhea, itchy skin, high and low body temperature and other symptoms, so be sure to follow the doctor's advice when using as a medicine. The phenolic components in the extract of beauty beauty Efficacy Iris have extremely high antioxidant capacity, which can effectively inhibit skin aging, promote collagen synthesis, prevent skin moisture loss, converge pores and increase the vitality of epidermal cells. So as to achieve the effect of weakening wrinkles, firming and improving skin, and making facial contour more compact and shiny. ?

7 Biological characteristics of artificial cultivation After planting in greenhouse, soil temperature is the most important factor, with the lowest temperature of 5-8℃ and the highest temperature of 20℃. Soil temperature directly affects the emergence rate. Too low soil temperature will reduce flowering ability, so the optimum soil temperature is controlled between 16- 18℃. The optimum temperature for iris production in greenhouse is 65438 05℃. In order to shorten the growth period, newly harvested bulbs can be used when planting, and the greenhouse temperature should be kept at 65438 08℃ for the first 4-3 weeks. This temperature can be maintained to 65438+ 10 month 1, but it will cause plant weakness. The temperature of 13℃ or lower will prolong the growth period and increase the plant weight, but the probability of flower withering will increase. In order to promote flowering, such as "blue devil", it is wise to reduce the temperature if the high temperature in the greenhouse is maintained all the time. When plants grow in autumn, especially in temperate regions, the greenhouse temperature must be reduced to prevent flowers from wilting. The general temperature is controlled at 10- 13℃. Take "Blue Devil" as an example, the temperature is reduced to 10-8-5℃ to ensure the growth of plants as much as possible. If there are too many leaves at each stage, consider pruning some leaves. The average temperature of production day and night can reach 20-23℃, and the lowest temperature is 5℃. In the greenhouse with high temperature and poor light, insufficient light is the main cause of flower withering. In areas where freezing damage often occurs, production can only be carried out in greenhouses. The suitable growth temperature should be arranged at night. Therefore, unheated greenhouses should be closed as early as possible to make the temperature at night as appropriate as possible. Ventilation should be done early during the day to avoid the harm caused by the temperature rising above 18℃. Shading can also achieve the purpose of temperature control, but it is still necessary to maintain an appropriate light level. Growth temperature in the open field The optimum temperature for growth in the open field is 15- 17℃, and the continuous high temperature in the daytime can be covered with a sunshade net. It can not only reduce the direct radiation of the sun, but also increase the temperature. The minimum and maximum temperatures for open-air cultivation are 5℃ and 25℃ respectively. For soil temperature, it should be kept the same as when growing in greenhouse. ?

The ideal relative humidity is 75-80%. It is important to pay attention to avoid large changes in humidity or gradual changes in humidity. In warm, sunny, cloudy or humid weather, the relative humidity is usually high. Corresponding measures must be taken to reduce humidity through heating and ventilation. Ventilation is a very important means to control temperature and reduce humidity. When ventilating, we should pay attention to the fact that the humidity can't drop too fast, otherwise the leaves will wither and the quality of cut flowers will decline. Shading equipment can control the temperature, humidity and light in the greenhouse. In the month with strong sunlight, the temperature in ventilated greenhouses and open fields is too high (higher than 25℃). In this case, shading and ventilation can inhibit the decline of cut flower quality. See Chapter 2 (Shading Equipment). Carbon dioxide is completely different from lily, and it has no effect on the flowering and growth of iris. Irrigation As mentioned above, the soil must be watered before planting and kept moist during planting to promote rapid rooting. After planting bulbs, the soil should also be kept moist. After that, the soil must be fully wetted for a long time during the whole growing period. Proper humidity is very important for the growth of iris, because insufficient humidity will show that the growth height of plants is not enough and flowers are easy to wither. Irrigation amount is related to weather, greenhouse climate, soil type, crop growth cycle, growth stage and many other factors, so it can not be accurately calculated. One of the easiest ways to determine whether the soil moisture is appropriate is to take a small amount of soil and hold it in your hand. After loosening the soil, the clods will remain intact, and then the humidity is moderate. The air is not circulating, accompanied by cloudy or humid or warm and humid weather. If there is more water, the disease will be serious. This time is particularly easy to cause bacterial and fungal diseases. Similarly, watering in the morning is better. Watering in the morning will make the plants dry differently, and watering can only be done after picking flowers at harvest, otherwise the flowers will have gray mildew spots. It is best to use top spray with uniform water output during irrigation. Cultivation cycle The growth cycle of iris depends on the variety, bulb treatment, producing area (greenhouse or open field) and growth temperature. Therefore, it is difficult for different varieties to determine the accurate cultivation cycle. In the heated greenhouse, the culture cycle sequence of different iris strains after temperature adjustment is as follows: Ideal: 50-60 days Professor Blaauw: 60-80 days. Blue devil: Tingitana: 70-90 days. Other types: 55-75 days. See Table 3 in Chapter 8 for different varieties. Unheated greenhouses and open cultivation depend on the local temperature, so they are unpredictable. Plant testing Regular inspection includes testing of soil and other growing conditions. Matters needing attention are as follows: soil: soil temperature, dry humidity, electrical conductivity, soil structure, weed growth, plant growth, leaf length according to light, leaf color, aphid, gray mold, pythium, bacterial decay Planting location: climate, support. Note that iris is a salt-sensitive plant. In the soil with high salt content, the root system grows slowly or even is damaged, which limits the absorption of water by plants and leads to dehydration of flowers. In order to reduce the excessive salt concentration, the soil must be thoroughly washed before planting (using 200-400 mm water per square meter of soil surface). Planting chrysanthemums, roses, carnations, tomatoes and other crops, applying more fertilizer or watering less at a certain stage, will cause the soil salt content to be too high. The high salt content in the soil may also be caused by planting late-harvested cymbidium and other crops. Therefore, it is suggested that synthetic fertilizers should not be used in large quantities before or just after planting. Therefore, soil sampling survey should be conducted at least 6 weeks before planting in order to obtain the values of various salt contents in the soil. The following elements in soil samples shall not exceed the recommended level: total salt (conductivity value) 1.0- 1.5 mmol chloride salt (edible salt) 1.5-2.0 mmol potassium salt 0.8- 1.5 mmol nitrogen salt1.0. The concentration of chlorine salt used in greenhouse shall not exceed 50 mg/L; The concentration of chlorine salt used in the open field should not exceed 450 mg/L. If the irrigation water cannot meet the standard, iris production cannot be carried out. However, due to various conditions, the salt concentration in irrigation water exceeds the standard, so it is necessary to keep the soil moist as much as possible, so as to prevent the salt concentration from rising due to soil drying. Cultivation conditions? White iris

After extensive research and production experiments, the results enable us to plant and provide cut flowers all year round by using special storage and treatment techniques. In order to obtain high-quality fresh cut flowers, climate, management level and other related factors must meet the requirements. All greenhouses can be used to produce cut iris flowers. The special demand of crops for greenhouses depends on the climate. Iris is a light-sensitive plant, which should be planted at the stage of outdoor illumination of at least 200-300 Joules/cm2 every day. When planted in temperate regions in winter, plants in greenhouses require higher shading rate of glass or plastic films. Unclean glass, aging unclean plastic film, or some shading objects inside and outside the greenhouse will greatly weaken the light shining on plants. In summer and early autumn, the greenhouse must have good ventilation conditions to minimize the possibility of a sharp rise in temperature. The temperature of the heating system is lower than 5-8℃ in many places, so the energy supply system is the basic condition to ensure the flowering period. At the same time, the application of energy supply system and ventilation equipment can protect plants from the adverse effects of cold and humid weather. The heating system can also ensure the plants to grow as scheduled. The heating system suitable for planting iris in greenhouse should provide 200 watts of heat per hour per square meter of soil surface. Pipeline heating system is ideal because it can not only distribute heat energy evenly, but also control the climate. A hot gas heating system can also be used. Of course, the use of these devices must first ensure that the heat energy distribution is appropriate and the gas is fully burned, and also ensure that the gas is not discharged, and the unregulated energy supply system can release ethylene gas. If ethylene gas is mixed in the greenhouse, the flower buds will turn yellow. A pipeline heating system (or rubber hose) can be used on the seedbed. It is suggested that in order to avoid the invasion of botrytis cinerea, the plants should be kept dry properly, and be careful not to let the plants touch the hot gas pipeline, otherwise the leaves will burn and the flowers will wither. Soil heating and low temperature heating In areas with low outdoor temperature, heating soil in winter is an effective energy-saving method. Four plastic pipes are arranged about 40 cm below each seedbed to provide heat through the flow of hot water. The water temperature is controlled at 35℃, and the seedbed is covered with plastic film. The soil temperature 14- 16℃ can last for about 4 weeks. In the meantime, air heating can be omitted. Another method that can replace soil for energy supply is low-temperature heating. In this method, plastic pipes are placed on the planted walkways, and the soil surface is also covered with plastic films. The pipeline water temperature can be maintained at 35℃, and the soil temperature can be maintained at 65438 07℃. After 4 weeks, the plastic film was removed and the whole greenhouse was heated. If the early planting of iris is carried out in greenhouse, the room temperature is acceptable at 12- 13℃. Using plastic film can not only save energy, but also reduce the water loss of plants, and at the same time, it will not destroy the soil structure, and the root system will develop well. If sprouted bulbs are planted, in order to prevent botrytis cinerea, fungicides should be sprayed on the crops before covering. Soil cooling During iris planting to root growth, if the soil temperature is too high, the temperature should be kept at 17- 18℃. Equipment of soil heating system can also be used for soil cooling. Sunshade equipment for climate control in winter? White iris

And it is recommended to use shading equipment. It is best to use a movable sunshade net, which will not offset too much sunlight when opened. In summer, especially in spring and autumn, the movable sunshade net can keep the soil temperature not too high, and can make full use of light energy on cloudy days. Fix the sunshade net, for example, in the case of sufficient sunlight, you can cover the outdoor roof of the greenhouse with a layer of white ash or sunshade net. This can be applied at any time when the sunshine condition exceeds the design standard, but it must be removed in autumn. No light is needed for 3-4 weeks after the plant begins to grow. At this time, you can use the fixed sunshade equipment or open the movable sunshade net, especially the sunshade with strong water permeability and air permeability. When using sunshade equipment, it is best to leave some gaps to facilitate ventilation. Irrigation system Irrigation system is very important for uniform irrigation. It is necessary to check the irrigation pipes before planting. Insufficient or excessive water supply will lead to inconsistent plant growth, delay plant germination and development, lead to short plant height and flower abortion, and easily cause pythium infection. The top irrigation system can provide even water for plants and clean the leaves when necessary. Therefore, this type is a better irrigation system. In the future, when the leaves grow thick, you can use the low-level sprinkler irrigation system. This can prevent the leaves from touching water or even dripping, thus greatly reducing the harm of gray mold. Gray mold is the main problem in planting, especially in areas with high relative humidity or seasons. The top spraying system must meet the following technical requirements:-The pipeline spacing is 1.6-2. 15m. ? There is a season in a year, and a flower blooms one day.

-The distance between the outlets of adjacent pipes shall not exceed1m.. The water output of each nozzle is about 4 liters/minute. -The water pressure is 1.5-2 bar. -The filter used is 1-400 microns. Because of the destruction of soil structure, it is especially emphasized not to use the method of flooding. Planting location Iris can be planted not only in glass greenhouse or plastic film greenhouse, but also in the open field. It is feasible to plant outdoors with temporary mulch or mobile houses, especially in spring and autumn.