The vast tour of Songhua River in Guanwai Mountain, the birthplace of Yilan Manchu

The vast tour of Songhua River in Guanwai Mountain, the birthplace of Yilan Manchu

Yilan county, Heilongjiang Province, known as Sanxing in ancient times, is located on the north bank of Songhua River, where Mudanjiang meets Songhua River. Legend is the birthplace of Manchu ancestors. During the Qing Dynasty, the Tsar * * * constantly invaded the area with three surnames. In order to resist the invasion of Russia, protect the ancestral land of the dragon development and consolidate national defense, in the sixth year of Guangxu, Qing Dynasty sent Wu Dazhi to Ningguta, Sanxing and Hunchun in the northeast to take charge of defense and reclamation. Wu Dazhi was ordered to carry out resettlement activities in Sanxing area, compile and practice the northeast border guards, and establish Jingbian camp.

Wudacheng Jingbian Daying

Wu Dayou was a scholar in Tongzhi period and one of the important figures of Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty. He served as Hanlin, editor and editor, assistant minister and governor of corridor, and successively served as governor of Zhili, minister of Beiyang and official of Taibu Temple. At the same time, Wu Dacheng was a famous calligrapher and engraver in Qing Dynasty.

After Wu Dayou arrived in the northeast, he first developed the area bordering on Russia in Sanxing, "recruited people to live for 30 or 40 miles", reclaimed land, and asked the court to send officials to "recruit Deng, Lai and Qing in Shandong". At the same time, please dial 200 households (idle population) in Qisula, Beijing to try out reclamation in Samsung area. It also recruits refugees who have fallen into Russia to come back to reclaim land, so that they can stand on their own feet and farm the land. In order to encourage the reclamation people to expand the reclamation area, Wu Dacheng also asked the court to introduce many reclamation policies and give preferential treatment. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), "Three surnames were five stops north of the Yangtze River, and people were recruited to take over, and gradually cultivated land was 22,317 in the afternoon". With the reclamation of land, the population has increased, which has promoted economic development and increased military reserve forces.

While reclaiming land and emigrating, Wu Dayou also trained border guards in the area of Ningguta, the third surname, to defend the border. Together with Ming 'an, Wu Dacheng trained four defense forces, Gong, Wei, Sui and An, 13 battalions, all equipped with foreign guns. Build Bayantongbao, and set up Machinery Manufacturing Bureau in Jilin City. In addition, stations, bridges, ferries and iron cables are widely built in border areas. Now, the ruins of the military camp built by Wu Dacheng at that time still exist. Bayantongbao is made of lime mortar and still exists today. At that time, the big chains and river pillars are now in the Heilongjiang Provincial Museum.

These measures taken by Wu Dayou at that time were of great strategic significance for strengthening the Qing Dynasty's governance of Northeast China and preventing Russian aggression.

Another achievement of Wu Dayou is that during his stay in Northeast China, he sent people to survey the border between China and Russia, and found that the Heidingzi area near Tumen River in China was illegally occupied by Russia, which pushed 25 miles into China territory near the mouth of Tumen River. Wu Dayou quickly reported this situation to the imperial court and suggested that the imperial court send officials to redraw the border with Russia and recapture the territory occupied by Russia. 1in April, 885, he negotiated with Russia as the demarcation minister of the imperial court. During the negotiation, he argued that China was also exhausted, and finally promised to return the illegally occupied Russian territory.

Song Huizong and Qin Zong sat in the well and looked at the sky.

On the south bank of Songhua River in the north of yilan county, Heilongjiang Province, at the intersection of Mudanjiang and Songhua River, there is a famous "Five Kingdoms City" site.

"Wuguocheng" was originally one of the five countries in Liao Dynasty. In the 10th century A.D., the jurchen people who lived in the Songhua River and Heilongjiang River to the north of Yilan formed five tribes, commonly known as the "Five Kingdoms Department". Among them, the resident of Jiyue Department is located at the southernmost tip of the five-nation department, and it is also the alliance city of the five-nation department, so it is called the "five-nation head city", that is, the "five-nation city" in the north of Yilan Town today.

Judging from the existing sites, the city of Wu is rectangular with a circumference of 22 10 meter. The city wall is rammed with earth, with a height of 4m, a bottom width of 8m and a top width of1.5m. Thus, we can imagine the majestic posture of the Five Kingdoms City.

1 125, the Jin dynasty destroyed Liao, and then launched a war of aggression against the northern song dynasty. 1 126 years, the "Jingkang Revolution" took place, which conquered the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, plundered a lot of gold and silver treasures, and robbed Song Huizong and Song Qinzong. More than 400 court staff, including queens, concubines, princes and sons, moved northward with the two emperors. Looted craftsmen, gold and silver coins, treasures and classic books were also transported to the north.

According to the records in the Collection of Tongjian, Huizong and Qinzong were robbed and returned to the north. Jin entered Beijing, and Qin Zong, the second emperor, entered the Taizu Hall in plain clothes and entered the hall. "。 Jin Ting reduced Hui Zong to a bad king, and Qin Zong to a heavy faint Hou. Soon I moved to Hangzhou. "According to historical records," Tian Hui eight years, the Song Emperor moved from Hanzhou to Wu Guocheng ".

According to legend, Huidi and Qin Shihuang were imprisoned in a dry well, and the folk had a story of "sitting in a well and watching the sky". However, according to the local climatic conditions and folk customs, the statement that the two emperors were sitting in a "dry well" should be misinformed. According to the custom of jurchen at that time, Huidi and Qin Shihuang may be imprisoned in an "underground pit" like a semi-crypt.

Song Huizong was imprisoned in Wu Guocheng for five years and died in 1 133.

According to legend, Song Qinzong once presented a "golden ring" to the emperor, which homophoned "ring" and "return", indicating his desire to return to his native land, but his final wish failed to come true, and the two imperial capitals, Hui and Qin, died in the north. A poem written by a poet in Qing Dynasty can quite express the feelings of Hui Di and Emperor Qin at that time: the origin of the ancient poem The Birthplace of Manchu;

I sent a gold ring to JIU ge, and I will return to JIU ge as soon as the soldiers arrive. There are more tears in Wuguocheng than in Zhuxian Town. Among the five cities, there is no hope of parting and death. Ancestors can miss their brothers and refuse, so don't blame the exile in the Southern Dynasties.