The sea with the largest salt content in the world?

The Red Sea is the highest salinity sea area in the world, with a salinity of 3.6-3.8%.

The Red Sea is located between northeast Africa and Arabian Peninsula, with a long and narrow shape. From northwest to southeast, it is more than 1.900 kilometers long, with a maximum width of 306 kilometers and an area of 450,000 square kilometers. The northern end of the Red Sea is divided into two small bays, with Suez Bay in the west, which is connected with the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal which runs through the Suez Isthmus. To the east is the Gulf of Aqaba. The south is connected with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean through the Mande Strait. It is an important channel connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Sea. It is an important oil transportation channel. It has strategic value.

The Red Sea Basin is a part of the Asian-African Rift Valley, which is about 265,438+000 kilometers long. According to the theory of submarine expansion and plate tectonics, it is considered that the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden are the embryonic forms of the ocean. According to textual research, the seabed of the Red Sea is indeed a marine siliceous magnesium layer rock, and it is also like a long horizontally staggered crack on the mid-ocean ridge at the axial part of the seabed, connected by a fault zone. The separation of the African continent from the Arabian Peninsula began in the Miocene 20 million years ago and is still expanding at the rate of 1 cm per year. There are many coral reefs along the banks of the Red Sea and few natural harbors. The average depth of the whole Red Sea is 558m, and the maximum depth is 25 14m. The Red Sea is sandwiched between the east and the west by tropical deserts. The air is hot and dusty all the year round, and there are few sunny days. There is little precipitation, but the evaporation is very large, the salinity is 4 1%, and the surface water temperature exceeds 30℃ in summer, which is the highest water temperature and salt content in the world. The average surface water temperature in August is 27℃ to 32℃. The sea water is mostly blue-green, and some areas are reddish brown because of the lush red algae, hence the name of the Red Sea. The annual evaporation is 2000 mm, far exceeding the precipitation, and rivers on both sides of the strait are injected in unpredictable years. The seabed is soft mud containing iron, zinc, copper, lead, silver and gold. It has been a traffic artery since ancient times, but it is inconvenient to sail because of the rocky islands and coral reefs along the coast and the narrow and stormy Mande Strait. Important ports are Suez, Eilat, Aqaba, Port Sudan, Jeddah, massawa, Hodeidah and Assab.

There are broad continental shelves on both sides of the Red Sea, and the seabed is deeply embedded in the continental shelves on both sides like a big "notch". In the middle of the bottom of the main groove, it splits into a deeper axial groove. This way. The seabed of the Red Sea has formed a submarine landform of "trough in trough", and the bottom of the trough is very rugged. There are many cracks, cracks, pipes and pits in the axial groove. It is quite narrow, about 24 kilometers at its widest point, and generally only a few kilometers wide. However, it is very deep, with the deepest point reaching 3050 meters. The axial trough and the main trough are almost as long as the Red Sea, but they branch into Suez Bay and Kabbah Bay near the Sinai Peninsula at the northern end of the Red Sea, and the landform of the trough with grooves is not so obvious.

Further research by scientists shows that there was no Red Sea on the earth about 40 million years ago, and then the crust stretched on the rock basement along the uplift axis of Africa and Arabian Peninsula today. At that time, some seawater entered by plane, making the crack a closed shallow sea. At the same time as the continental rift formed, the seabed expanded. Lava washed up on the surface, constantly producing new marine crust, and the ancient continental rock basement was gradually pushed to both sides. Later, due to strong evaporation, the seawater here slowly dried up, and huge evaporite was deposited, forming the main trough of the Red Sea.

About 3 million years ago, the sedimentary environment of the Red Sea suddenly changed, and seawater once again entered the Red Sea. The seabed of the Red Sea splits along the axial part of the main trough, forming an axial trough and slowly expanding along the axial trough. According to the youngest marine crustal zone at the bottom of the Red Sea, the average expansion speed of the Red Sea seabed during this period is about 1 cm per year. Due to the continuous expansion of the Red Sea, Africa and Arabia on its east and west sides are slowly separating.

By studying the causes of the Red Sea, scientists thought of the causes of the Atlantic Ocean. Today's vast Atlantic Ocean was also a long and narrow water belt 200 million years ago, and the surrounding continents are as close as the Red Sea today. Due to the long geological period of submarine expansion, the Atlantic Ocean has become what it is today. Moreover, submarine evaporite deposits similar to the Red Sea are also buried in South America and Brazil on the west coast of the Atlantic Ocean and West Africa on the east coast. In addition, heavy metal minerals enriched in some small basins of the Red Sea Axis Trough were also found on the west coast of Daxiji on the east coast of the United States.

It can be seen that today's Red Sea may be an ocean that is in its primary stage and is actively expanding. 1978, a volcanic eruption occurred in the Afar region of the Red Sea, which widened the southern end of the Red Sea by120cm in a short time, which is a good example. If it expands at the current average annual rate of 1 cm, in a few hundred million years, the Red Sea may develop into an ocean as vast as the Atlantic Ocean today.

The Red Sea is controlled by subtropical high and trade winds, forming a tropical desert climate with large evaporation, scarce precipitation and high temperature all year round. The climate of the Red Sea consists of two monsoon seasons, the northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon. Monsoon is caused by the temperature difference between land and sea. The Red Sea is one of the hottest and highest salinity oceans in the world. In summer, the average surface temperature is 26℃ in the north and 30℃ in the south, and the total average temperature is 22℃. The rainfall in the Red Sea and its surrounding areas is very low, only 0.03m per year. Generally speaking, it rains in the form of thunderstorms and sandstorms. Low rainfall and lack of fresh water injection lead to a net evaporation of 205 cm per year and high salinity. The most special thing about the Red Sea is its "heat". The annual average water temperature of the earth's ocean surface is 17℃, while the surface water temperature of the Red Sea can reach 27℃ ~ 32℃ in August, even in the deep water below 200 meters, it can reach about 2 1℃. Stranger still, in the deep-sea basin of the Red Sea, the water temperature is as high as 60℃! The Red Sea is located in the area controlled by the North Tropic High Zone, and its abdomen is influenced by the tropical desert climate of North Africa and Arabian Peninsula. The climate is dry and hot all year round, so the water surface is always warm. The expansion of the seabed has caused cracks in the earth's crust. Magma has been upwelling along the cracks, and the rocks on the seabed have been heated, so the water temperature at the bottom of the seawater is particularly high.

The Red Sea is the highest salinity sea area in the world, with a salinity of 3.6-3.8%.

Due to the climate, the surface of the Red Sea is lower than the surrounding waters, which makes the surface ocean current flow to the Red Sea. Because of the high salinity, high density and high pressure on the seabed, the bottom ocean current is the flow of red seawater to the surrounding waters.

The beaches of the Red Sea are exquisite gifts from nature. Under the clear blue water, colorful corals and rare marine life grow. In the distance, there are overlapping forests, and the continuous mountains echo the coast, with a vast plain suitable for camping. These strange natural landscapes and pleasant climate in winter and summer constitute a beautiful landscape painting, which makes tourists intoxicated with paradise on earth.

The main tourist areas along the Red Sea are: Sharm el-Sheikh, Helguela, Arichi, Cape Mohammed, Zehab and Nouveba. These areas are famous for their sparkling beaches, beautiful coral seas, rich marine life and first-class restaurants. This is one of the most suitable sea areas for swimming in the world, and it is also a paradise for water athletes. In addition, Safaga, a characteristic port on the Red Sea, has high salt water and black mud beaches, which can treat rheumatism and skin diseases and is one of the most suitable places for holidays in the world.

E.M.Forster once described the coast of the Red Sea in 1923: "Only in this place in the world will there be such golden mountains and colorful caves in the sea, which are the ties connecting the East and the tropical regions."

Hermits who lived in seclusion established Christian monasteries here a long time ago, and they lived in the wilderness with Bedouin tribes who raised camels. Up to now, the rock valleys and Schell valleys in the eastern desert have not been explored, and Bedouins raise goats and deer in these valleys. The Red Sea itself has colorful coral reefs, ancient seaports along the coast, and all kinds of exotic marine life underwater.

Whenever the hot air blows rapidly to the east, migratory birds also migrate to the shore of the Red Sea, which immediately becomes a paradise for birds. Today, the ancient bay here is the best place for diving and fishing in the world. Everywhere you can see tourists resting on the white sand beach, bathing in the sunshine, enjoying the rows of lush forests along the coast, and snorkeling tourists are exploring various coral reefs underwater. There are all kinds of strange marine life at the bottom of the Red Sea: coral reefs moving like flower carpets and particularly attractive fish are waiting for you to discover their secrets. As the famous diving photographer David Doubilet described, "On the bottom of the Red Sea, it is very lively every day and every night, and coral reefs dance silently and rhythmically like magic ..."

Red Sea sightseeing, diving, fishing, sea sightseeing and other hydrophilic activities must be attended. The waves along the Red Sea coast are gentle and calm, which is an excellent place to carry out water leisure sports. There are many excellent beaches and sea amusement places in coastal cities such as Helgada and Sharm el-Sheikh. In addition, the Red Sea has many beautiful corals, colorful fish and all kinds of exotic marine life. It is rich in seabed resources, clear water and high visibility, making it one of the most suitable places for diving in the world.

The best time to travel to the cities along the Red Sea is from June 5438 to May of the following year, which is the most suitable time to dive in the Red Sea. The weather is cool, the visibility of seawater is high and the water temperature is suitable for diving. At other times, when the wind and waves are heavy and the water is cold, you need to wear a thicker diving suit when diving.

Shopping introduction

Hrga is the main area where tourists from the Red Sea gather. There are several main shopping streets in the city center, including traditional markets and high-end boutiques. Tourists who like shopping can spend a lot of money. Generally speaking, papyrus handicrafts, ancient paintings, jewelry, wood products, coffee pots, spices and sculptures are all souvenirs worth buying.

The Red Sea was first discovered by the Egyptians. There is a story in the Bible that Moses led the Israelites across the Red Sea, but there is no archaeological evidence. About 1 century, Greek navigators opened a route from the Red Sea to India. Europeans became interested in the Red Sea in the15th century. 1798, French Napoleon occupied Egypt and planned to build a canal, but later gave it up. 1869165438+1October, the Suez Canal was completed and divided among Britain, France and Italy. After World War I, the United States and the Soviet Union also increased their influence on the canal. 1967- 1975, the canal was closed due to the 6th War. So far, the Red Sea route has not surpassed the Cape of Good Hope route.

The origin of naming: 1. The Red Sea is directly translated from Greek, Latin and Arabic, and has nothing to do with the color of the sea. The red sea is not red. Possible sources include: seasonal red algae; Red hill nearby; A local race called red; Leading edge (corresponding to the north of the Black Sea); Red sea red land (called desert red land in ancient Egypt) and so on. This explanation is divided into three views: some people say that there are many brightly colored shells in the Red Sea, which makes the water dark red; Some people think that there are a lot of yellow, yellow and red coral sand in the shallow sea near the Red Sea, which makes the sea water red. Others say that the Red Sea is the hottest sea in the world, which is suitable for biological reproduction. Therefore, a large number of red algae breed in the surface seawater, making the seawater reddish, hence the name Red Sea.

Second, the color of rocks on both sides of the Red Sea is the reason for the name of the Red Sea. In ancient times, due to the limitation of traffic and technical conditions, people could only sail near the shore by boat. At that time, it was found that there were continuous red and yellow rock walls on both sides of the Red Sea, especially along the coast of Africa. These red and yellow rock walls reflect sunlight to the sea, making the sea glow red, hence the name Red Sea.

The third is to associate the name of the Red Sea with the climate. On the surface of the Red Sea, there are often winds from African deserts, which bring hot air currents, red and yellow dust and fog, darken the sky and turn the sea into crimson, so it is called the Red Sea.

Fourth, many ethnic groups in ancient West Asia used black to represent the north, red to represent the south, and the Red Sea was the "Sea of the South".